盐酸法舒地尔对体外培养大鼠神经干细胞分化的影响

目的观察盐酸法舒地尔对体外培养神经干细胞（NSCs）分化的影响。方法体外分离培养NSCs,通过不同浓度的盐酸法舒地尔干预后,采用免疫细胞化学及流式细胞技术检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达。结果分离培养的NSCs具有自我复制、增殖能力,可以表达Nestin;诱导分化后的细胞可以表达NSE和GFAP。免疫细胞化学染色提示,盐酸法舒地尔干预组NSE阳性细胞显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,但是不同浓度盐酸法舒地尔之间元统计学差异（P〉0．05）。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,盐酸法舒地尔干预组NSE阳性细胞比例明显增加,与对照组相比有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论盐酸法舒地尔可以促进NSCs向神经细胞方向分化。     

大鼠胎血与骨髓间充质干细胞分化能力的体外研究

目的：比较大鼠胎血和骨髓中间充质干细胞（MSC）体外培养过程中的生长特性及体外诱导两者向神经元样细胞分化的异同。方法：采用标准Ficoll-hypague技术分离大鼠胎血骨髓的单个核细胞（MNC），收获MSC传代培养，流式细胞仪检测细胞的免疫表型。β-巯基乙醇、二甲基亚砜、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚诱导MSC向神经元分化，免疫细胞化学法检测其特异性标志巢蛋白（Nestin）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、胶原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达。结果：2种MSC细胞形态、免疫表型无明显差异。定向诱导后，2种细胞均表达Nestin、NSE，但GFAP阴性。结论：大鼠胎血和骨髓MSC的细胞形态、生物学特性无明显差别；两者诱导分化为神经元碰细胞的能力无显著差异。胎血应是MSC的又一来源。     

香丹注射液体外诱导大鼠MSCs分化为多巴胺能神经元效果观察

目的探讨香丹注射液体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）定向分化为多巴胺（DA）能神经元的效果。方法体外分离、扩增和鉴定大鼠骨髓MSCs。碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）预诱导24h后香丹注射液诱导3h，采用免疫细胞化学法检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、微管相关蛋白2（MAP2）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、Bcl-2表达。结果诱导后MSCs分化为具有典型神经元形态的细胞，NSE、MAP2和TH呈高表达，PCNA表达明显减弱。结论香丹注射液诱导大鼠MSCs分化为DA能神经元效果较好。     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞分化的研究

目的观察人骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSCs）体外扩增和定向诱导分化为神经元样细胞的变化,为其临床应用奠定基础。方法采用密度梯度离心法分离BM-MSCs细胞,用MesencultTM培养基和贴壁培养法培养、纯化和扩增细胞,流式细胞术检测细胞表面CD29和CD90分子表达率。采用20 ng/ml重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）、20 ng/ml新型人表皮生长因子（hEGF）和20 g/L二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、5 mmol/Lβ-巯基乙醇（BME）分别诱导BM-MSCs;采用免疫组化法检测细胞的神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、胶原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、波形蛋白（VIM）表达情况。结果BM-MSCs细胞增殖迅速,3周可传代培养;BM-MSCs传十代扩增1－2×10^3倍。分离和扩增BM-MSCs CD29、CD90强表达率分别为95.02%、93.81%。药物诱导后的BM-MSCs发生轴突等神经元样细胞变化,阳性表达NSE、GFAP、VIM分子。结论人BM-MSCs能体外培养和扩增,并能定向诱导分化为神经元样细胞。     

生长因子分步诱导法在大鼠脂肪干细胞向神经细胞分化中的应用观察

目的：观察生长因子分步诱导法在大鼠脂肪干细胞（ADSCs）向神经细胞分化中的应用效果。方法取SD大鼠腹股沟及腹膜后脂肪,体外分离培养ADSCs,取消化、离心的第3代ADSCs,首先以DMEM／F12＋2％B27＋20 ng／mL EGF＋20 ng／mL bFGF的神经干细胞培养基诱导7 d,后以DMEM／F12＋1μmol／L RA神经诱导培养基诱导7 d。免疫荧光法鉴定分化后神经细胞特异标志物中神经细胞特异标志物巢蛋白（ Nestin ）、微管相关蛋白2（MAP2）、神经元核抗原抗体（NeuN）、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）。结果从大鼠脂肪组织中成功提取AD-SCs,其能够连续传代且稳定增殖;流式细胞检测显示CD34表达率为0．36％,CD73为99．17％,CD90为98．61％,CD105为96．20％。经生长因子诱导7 d后细胞聚集成球,Nestin高表达;14 d后MAP2、NeuN高表达,而GFAP低表达。结论 ADSCs能够稳定增殖传代,生长因子分步诱导可高效诱导ADSCs定向分化为神经细胞。     

体外诱导成人骨髓间充质干细胞转化为神经元细胞的实验研究

目的探讨成人骨髓间充质干细胞(hMSCs)在体外特定的诱导条件下,转化为神经元细胞的规律、效率及长期存活的条件.方法采用β-巯基乙醇为诱导剂,在体外诱导6 h后,改用诱导维持液使诱导后的细胞在诱导维持液中存活6 d.用细胞化学及免疫组织化学、Western blot方法检测神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞标记蛋白的表达.结果诱导6 h,诱导后的细胞尼氏染色胞浆中可见深蓝色的尼氏体形成;细胞表达NSE、NF-M,而不表达GFAP;NSE、NF-M阳性细胞数超过80%以上.Western blot结果显示:诱导6 h,诱导后的细胞表达Nestin,而无MAP-2的表达,随着时间的延长,Nestin的表达逐渐减少,而出现了MAP-2的表达.结论β-巯基乙醇在体外可定向诱导hMSCs经神经干细胞转化为神经元细胞,而且诱导后的神经元细胞逐渐趋于成熟.     

银杏叶提取物对大鼠神经干细胞分化为神经元样细胞的影响

目的 观察银杏叶提取物(EGB)对大鼠海马神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖及分化为神经元样细胞的影响.方法 取新生24 h内的Wistar大鼠海马组织细胞进行体外培养,1 w后将其接种在培养板中,在不同时间点观察不同浓度EGB 对细胞生长的作用,并检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的表达.结果 各实验组NSCs生长明显好于对照组,免疫细胞化学显示:在同一时间内,不同浓度EGB诱导NSCs分化为神经元样细胞的百分率随着EGB浓度升高呈上升趋势;随着细胞培养时间的延长,相同浓度EGB诱导NSCs分化为神经元样细胞的百分率有下降趋势.结论 EGB能促进NSCs的存活、增殖并在一定时期内可促进NSCs向神经元样细胞的方向分化.     

人脑胶质瘤干细胞的培养及分离方法

目的探讨人脑胶质瘤干细胞的培养和分离方法。方法取脑胶质瘤手术标本,制成单细胞悬液用无血清培养基培养,加入表皮生长因子（EGF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）进行诱导分化;用免疫组化法检测巢蛋白（Nestin）和胶质原性纤维酸蛋白（GFAP）;用免疫磁珠分选系统进行细胞分离,流式细胞仪检测分化前后CD133阳性细胞的比率。结果培养出悬浮生长的人脑胶质瘤干细胞球,Nestin表达呈阳性,分化后GFAP表达呈阳性;分离前CDm阳性细胞百分比为4．66％±0．55％,分离后为87．21％±6．17％,P〈0．05。结论无血清培养法、免疫磁珠分选系统可成功培养和分离人脑胶质瘤干细胞。     

负载酸洗脱食管癌抗原肽的脐血树突状细胞对CTL杀伤活性的影响

分离脐血中的单个核细胞,以酸洗脱食管癌抗原肽负载获得分化成熟树突状细胞（DCs）,检测其对特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CTL）的诱导和体外杀伤效应的影响。结果发现,负载食管癌抗原肽的脐血DCs诱导的CTL对酸洗前食管癌细胞株T.Tn的杀伤率显著高于酸洗后组和各对照组（P均〈0．05）,而对无关肿瘤细胞株Hep2无显著杀伤作用。认为负载食管癌抗原肽的脐血DCs体外可诱导CTL产生特异性杀伤效应。     

改良型生物硅胶膜对大鼠神经干细胞增殖与分化的影响

目的观察改良型生物硅胶膜对神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖与分化的影响,为选择NSCs培养载体提供依据。方法选取孕16d胎鼠的大脑皮质作为细胞来源,建立胚胎NSCs的体外培养体系并随机分为观察组和对照组,其中观察组接种于改良型生物硅胶膜上、对照组接种于普通培养皿中。普通倒置显微镜及电镜下观察细胞生长发育形态学变化,免疫荧光染色技术对NSCs及诱导分化细胞进行鉴定,四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTr）法检测细胞增殖情况。结果培养2d后,显微镜下两组均可见神经细胞球生成,贴壁良好,细胞球边缘有突起呈辐射状向外发出,神经球NSCs特异标志物神经巢蛋白均呈阳性;培养7d后,观察组和对照组贴壁分化的神经元烯醇化酶阳性细胞率分别为25．14％±1．98％、24．67％±2．05％,胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性细胞率分别为59．48％±2．07％．60．87％±1．08％,组间比较,P均〉0．05;两组生长曲线亦无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论改良型生物硅胶膜对NSCs的生长、增殖及诱导分化无明显影响,但能促进细胞之间突起的增长,可作为培养载体用于研究力学因素对NSCs增殖、诱导分化的影响。     

Induction of Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells In Vitro

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in human umbilical cord blood are multipotent stem cells that differ from hematopoietic stem cells. They can differentiate in vitro into mesenchymal cells such as osteoblasts and adipocytes. However, differentiation into nonmesenchymal cells has not been demonstrated. Here, we report the isolation, purification, expansion, and differentiation of human umbilical cord blood MSCs into neurocytes in vitro. Cord blood samples were allowed to drain from the end of the cord into glass bottles with 20 U/mL preservative-free heparin. MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord blood, purified, and expanded in Mesencult medium. Surface antigens of MSCs were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). MSC passages 2,5, and 8 were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells. Neurofilament (NF) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Special Nissl bodies were observed by histochemical analysis. The results showed that 6.6 x 10(5) primary MSCs were expanded for 10 passages to obtain 9.9 x 10(8) MSCs, an increase of approximately 1.5 x 10(3)-fold. FACS results showed that the MSCs did not express antigens CD34, CD11a, and CD11b and expressed CD29 and CD71, an expression pattern identical to that of human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Induction results indicated that approximately 70% of the cells exhibited a typical neuron-like phenotype. Immunohistochemistry staining suggested that induced MSCs of different passages expressed NF and NSE. Special Nissl bodies were obvious in the neuron-like cells. These results suggest that MSCs in human umbilical cord blood are capable of differentiating into neuron-like cells in vitro.     

PolyI:C对人脐血内皮祖细胞数量及功能的影响

目的观察Toll样受体3的配体聚肌胞(PolyI:C)对人脐血内皮祖细胞增殖、凋亡及炎性细胞因子表达的影响。方法采用密度梯度离心法获取人脐静脉血单个核细胞,EBM-2细胞培养基进行培养,诱导单个核细胞向内皮祖细胞分化。以不同浓度的PolyI:C(0、0.01、0.1、1 g/L和10 g/L)干预人脐血内皮祖细胞,通过CCK-8细胞增殖试验检测PolyI:C对内皮祖细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测PolyI:C对细胞凋亡的影响。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应对内皮祖细胞表达的Toll样受体进行检测,并检测不同浓度的PolyI:C对内皮祖细胞表达Toll样受体3、炎性细胞因子的影响。结果静息状态下,内皮祖细胞表达较高水平的Toll样受体1、Toll样受体3、Toll样受体4、Toll样受体6,表达较低水平的Toll样受体2、Toll样受体5、Toll样受体7、Toll样受体8、Toll样受体10,不表达Toll样受体9。而PolyI:C能上调Toll样受体3 mRNA表达,并呈量效关系。与对照组相比,较高浓度PolyI:C(1 g/L和10 g/L)持续作用于脐血内皮祖细胞3天后显著抑制内皮祖细胞增殖(P<0.01),终...     

Transplantation of microencapsulated umbilical-cord-blood-derived hepatic-like cells for treatment of hepatic failure

AIM: To investigate intraperitoneal transplantation of microencapsulated hepatic-like cells from human umbilical cord blood for treatment of hepatic failure in rats. METHODS: CD34+ cells in umbilical cord blood cells were isolated by magnetic cell sorting. In the in vitro experiment, sorted CD34+ cells were amplified and induced into hepatic-like cells by culturing with a combination of fibroblast growth factor 4 and hepatocyte growth factor. Cultures without growth factor addition served as controls. mRNA ...     

脐血间充质干细胞的体外扩增及向类肝细胞分化的实验研究

目的探讨人脐带血间充质干细胞（UBC-MSCs）向类肝细胞定向分化的可能性。方法无菌条件下采集新生儿脐带血75份,采用密度梯度离心法与直接贴壁法相结合分离UBC－MSCs,体外培养传代,获得第4代集落生长细胞作流式细胞仪表面抗原测定,并应用a－FGF、b－FGF、HGF、OSM等多种成分,分阶段向肝细胞定向诱导分化。倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化,取诱导后4周和6周的细胞分别采用RT-PCR法检测ALB、AFP和CK－19基因mRNA水平,分析类肝细胞诱导表达情况。结果按10。／ml接种,用含15％FBS的DMEM／F12培养基培养可成功获取UBC—MSCs。细胞呈长梭形,细胞表面抗原测定显示强烈表达CD29、CD44,而不表达造血细胞的标志物CD34、CD45。分阶段诱导6周后,细胞形态呈多角形,并检测到肝细胞表面标志物白蛋白、AFP和CK-19。结论新生儿脐血中可分离出MSCs,并可在体外进行培养扩增,分阶段诱导可分化为类肝细胞。     

脐血干细胞与骨髓干细胞联合移植治疗大鼠急性肝衰竭实验研究

目的：观察脐血干细胞和自体骨髓干细胞共同移植治疗D-半乳糖苷所致急性肝衰竭大鼠的疗效。方法采集大鼠脐血和骨髓中单个核细胞,以促肝细胞生长因子和干细胞因子培养3w,采用免疫细胞化学法检测白蛋白和甲胎蛋白表达情况;以D-半乳糖苷腹腔注射法建立大鼠急性肝衰竭模型,24 h后每日经鼠尾静脉分别注入脐血干细胞,或骨髓干细胞,或混合的脐血干细胞和骨髓干细胞,对照组注射等量生理盐水,治疗7d,观察4组大鼠存活率、肝功能和肝组织病理学变化。结果在促肝细胞生长因子及干细胞因子的诱导下,脐血干细胞和骨髓干细胞可以在体外扩增并分化为肝细胞;脐血干细胞移植、骨髓干细胞移植和联合细胞移植组大鼠9d 存活率分别为55.6%、50.0%和77.8%,均明显高于生理盐水对照组（16.7%,P〈0.01）;联合移植组存活率高于任何一种单纯干细胞移植（P〈0.01）。结论脐血干细胞和骨髓干细胞移植对大鼠急性肝损伤有一定的保护作用,两者联合移植有协同作用。     

携带GFP基因逆转录病毒感染原代培养脐带基质间充质细胞

目的应用携带绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的逆转录病毒感染原代培养脐带基质间充质细胞,为细胞重编程实验提供有效基因转移载体。方法利用酶消化法在体外分离培养脐带基质间充质细胞。应用磷酸钙法将GFP基因转染到293T细胞内,包装生产携带GFP基因的逆转录病毒。收集病毒上清液感染脐带基质间充质细胞,应用倒置荧光显微镜观察逆转录病毒感染脐带基质间充质细胞情况。结果体外分离培养出脐带基质间充质细胞;293T细胞包装生产携带GFP基因逆转录病毒;包装生产后的逆转录病毒成功地感染脐带基质间充质细胞。结论逆转录病毒可作为有效载体将外源性基因转染入脐带基质间充质细胞内,并且细胞能够稳定表达被导入的外源性基因。     

5-Azacytidine-treated human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord, cord blood and bone marrow do not generate cardiomyocytes in vitro at high frequencies

Background and Objectives   Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that differentiate into such lineages as bone, fat, cartilage and stromal cells that support haemopoiesis. Bone marrow MSCs can also contribute to cardiac repair, although the mechanism for this is unclear. Here, we examine the potential of MSCs from different sources to generate cardiomyocytes in vitro , as a means for predicting their therapeutic potential after myocardial infarction.
Materials and Methods   Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the perivascular tissue and Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord and from cord blood. Their immunophenotype and differentiation potential to generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and cardiomyoxcytes in vitro was compared with those of bone marrow MSCs.
Results   Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord and cord blood were phenotypically similar to bone marrow MSCs, the exception being in the expression of CD106, which was absent on umbilical cord MSCs, and CD146 that was highly expressed in cord blood MSCs. They have variable abilities to give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, with bone marrow MSCs being the most robust. While a small proportion (~0·07%) of bone marrow MSCs could generate cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro, those from umbilical cord and cord blood did not express cardiac markers either spontaneously or after treatment with 5-azacytidine.
Conclusion   Although MSCs may be useful for such clinical applications as bone or cartilage repair, the results presented here indicate that such cells do not generate cardiomyocytes frequently enough for cardiac repair. Their efficacy in heart repair is likely to be due to paracrine mechanisms.     

脐血来源的人类内皮前体细胞培养的实验研究

目的 :探讨在体外细胞培养、增殖人类来源的内皮前体细胞的技术方法。方法 :从人脐血中获取单个核细胞 ,体外定向分化 ,并扩增内皮前体细胞。结果 :4× 10 7个脐血单核细胞经定向培养之后可以获得约 10 6个内皮前体细胞。从脐血中分离并定向分化培养后 ,经流式细胞计数证实 (78 0 5± 1 16) %细胞呈内皮前体细胞表面抗体CD3 4和人类VE Cadherin双阳性 ;有 (79 69±1 5 3 ) %细胞摄取荧光低密度脂蛋白 ;免疫组化染色证实 (80 60± 2 5 2 ) %细胞Ⅷ因子染色阳性。结论 :使用定向诱导的方法 ,可以从人类脐带血中获取较多的具有内皮细胞潜能的前体细胞。     

Hepatocyte differentiation from embryonic stem cells and umbilical cord blood cells

With the development of regeneration medicine, many researchers have attempted hepatic differentiation from nonhepatic-origin cell sources. The differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into hepatocyte-like cells has been reported in several papers. Mouse ES cells have shown a potential to develop into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro on the basis of hepatic gene expression after adding several growth factors. We transplanted cultured embryoid body (EB) cells (male) into female mice. A liver specimen of the recipient was examined by immunohistochemical staining for albumin and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the Y chromosome after transplantation. Both Y chromosome- and albumin-positive cells were recognized in the recipient female liver, and were considered to be hepatocyte-like cells derived from ES cells containing the Y chromosome. Many groups, including ourselves, have studied hepatocyte-like cell differentiation from umbilical cord blood cells (UBCs). We cultured nucleated cells isolated from UBCs. Using immunostaining, ALB-positive and CK-19-positive cells were recognized in the culture. Dual staining of ALB and CK-19 demonstrated that ALB was coexpresed with CK-19, suggesting the existence of hepatic progenitors. In this review, we consider recent studies of the differentiation of hepatocytes from nonhepatic origins, especially ES cells and umbilical cord blood.