云南罗平县布依族居民肥胖及中心性肥胖流行的社会经济差异分析

目的分析云南省罗平县布依族居民肥胖和中心性肥胖流行的社会经济差异。方法采用分层抽样的方法从罗平县布依族聚集乡抽取≥18岁的737名常住布依族村民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果罗平县布依族居民的肥胖率和中心性肥胖率分别为8.55%和46.68%;其中,男性分别为9.19%和37.88%;女性分别为7.94%和55.02%。布依族女性的中心性肥胖率明显高于男性(P0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性比男性更容易患中心性肥胖;受教育程度越高的布依族村民患肥胖和中心性肥胖的可能性越小;家庭收入水平越高者的布依族村民患肥胖的可能性越大。结论布依族村民肥胖和中心性肥胖的流行存在显著的社会经济差异,应加强对低文化水平和高收入家庭村民肥胖的预防和干预工作。     

北京市 3 类职业人群超重肥胖及其影响因素研究

目的 了解北京市3类职业人群超重肥胖流行状况及其影响因素,为职业人群健康干预提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,在北京市选取4个城区,每个城区选择1～2家单位,共选择6家单位,对单位内所有18 ～60岁职工进行调查.职业涉及公务员、科技人员和企业人员3类.结果 共回收有效问卷1898份,问卷有效率为98.8％.调查对象中男性985人（51.9％）,女性898人（47.3％）;公务员1106人（58.3％）,科技人员432人（22.8％）,企业人员360人（19.0％）.调查对象的超重率为29.8％,肥胖率为9.2％.其中,公务员超重率为31.5％,肥胖率为9.0％;科技人员超重率为31.1％,肥胖率为7.4％;企业人员超重率为22.8％,肥胖率为11.8％.不同职业人群超重肥胖的影响因素分析结果显示,公务员人群中,性别（OR=0.697,95％CI：0.502 ～0.936）、年龄（OR=1.042,95％ CI：1.026～1.058）、饮酒（OR=1.499,95％ CI：1.083 ～1.898）和加班频率（OR=0.830,95％ CI：0.697～0.988）是超重肥胖的影响因素;科技人员中,年龄（OR=1.031,95％ CI：1.010～1.053）、吸烟（OR =0.610,95％ CI：0.236 ～1.577）、工作时间（OR=0.641,95％ CI：0.422～0.974）是超重肥胖的影响因素;企业人员中,性别（OR=0.505,95％ CI：0.288 ～0.886）、年龄（OR=1.033,95％ CI：1.008～1.059）、吸烟（OR=1.630,95％ CI：0.605～4.389）是超重肥胖的影响因素.结论 3类职业人群中的超重和肥胖的流行情况不容忽视,开展健康干预活动刻不容缓.     

云南省罗平县主要慢性病患病率及影响因素分析

目的 分析云南省罗平县农村居民主要慢性病的患病率及社会经济影响因素.方法 对罗平县12个乡镇随机抽取的4 801名≥18岁农村常住居民进行问卷调查和现场体检,并应用多水平Logistic模型分析影响慢性病患病的乡镇和个体社会经济因素.结果 罗平县村民高血压、脑卒中、缺血性心脏病、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、风湿性关节炎和胃溃疡的患病率分别为17.06％、0.65％、0.27％、6.83％、1.81％、0.67％、10.39％和3.08％,且患病率随年龄的增加呈上升趋势(P＜0.01).高血压、糖尿病和风湿性关节炎的患病率女性高于男性(P＜0.05);而慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)的患病率则是男性高于女性(P＜0.05).家庭收入越低者患COPD的可能性越大(OR=0.46; 95％ CI:0.26～0.83);少数民族比例越高的乡镇其村民患胃溃疡的可能性越大(OR=1.02; 95％ CI:1.01～1.04),而患糖尿病(OR=0.98; 95％ CI:0.96～0.99)和风湿性关节炎(OR=0.98; 95％ CI:0.95～0.99)的可能性越小.结论 对慢性病的预防和干预措施应同时在个体和乡级水平上进行.     

陕西省城市4类职业人群超重肥胖流行特征分析

目的掌握陕西省城市4类职业人群超重、肥胖、中心型肥胖流行特征及影响因素,为开展职业人群体重控制提供依据。方法整群抽取陕西省18~45岁1210名职业人群进行问卷调查及体格测量,描述其超重、肥胖、中心型肥胖人群分布特征,并采用χ~2检验和Logistic回归统计分析方法对其相关影响因素进行研究。结果超重率22.1%,肥胖率9.1%;超重肥胖比2.4∶1;中心型肥胖率22.2%,超重肥胖率男性45.1%,女性16.3%(P0.05);各职业超重肥胖率企业管理人员44.2%,事业单位人员37.5%,公务员34.1%,学生10.9%(P0.05);文化程度越高,超重肥胖率越低(P0.05)。Logistic结果显示,女性(OR=0.212)、大学本科及以上(OR=0.592)和月平均收入为2000~2999元(OR=0.546)是陕西省职业人群超重肥胖的保护因素,"36~40岁"(OR=1.686)和"41~45岁"年龄组(OR=1.864),公务员(OR=4.544)、企业管理人员(OR=7.128)和事业单位人员(OR=6.020)3类职业为危险因素。结论陕西省城市职业人群超重肥胖率高,男性为高危人群,应对其加强健康教育,进而预防慢性病发生。     

深圳市自然人群超重和肥胖现状及影响因素分析

目的了解深圳市自然人群超重和肥胖流行现状,分析超重和肥胖的影响因素,为华南队列前瞻性研究提供基础数据。方法本研究依托华南区域自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列平台,以2018年7月—2019年12月招募的深圳市18～79岁常住居民为研究对象,描述不同年龄、性别超重和肥胖的患病情况,并采用多因素logistic回归分析超重/肥胖的影响因素。结果共调查6 025名居民,调查对象超重率32.27%、肥胖率8.37%,超重和肥胖患病率随年龄增长呈现上升的趋势(P0.01),男性超重率和肥胖率均大于女性(P0.01)。超重/肥胖的危险因素有男性(OR=2.43,95%CI:2.14～2.75)、40岁及以上(40～49岁OR=1.47,95%CI:1.09～1.97;50～59岁OR=1.80,95%CI:1.32～2.46;60岁及以上OR=1.81,95%CI:1.29～2.53)、饮茶(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.23～1.56)、喜食饮料(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.36～1.80)、二手烟暴露(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.06～1.43);超重/肥胖的保护因素有文化程度高(中学OR=0.58,95%CI:0.48～0.70;大专及以上OR=0.46,95%CI:0.37～0.57)、未婚(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.48～0.80)。结论深圳市自然人群超重患病率较10年前明显升高,性别、高年龄、饮茶、喜食饮料、二手烟暴露是超重/肥胖的危险因素,高文化程度、未婚是超重/肥胖的保护因素。     

云南省富民县吸烟与被动吸烟的社会经济影响因素的多水平模型分析

摘要:目的　分析云南省富民县居民吸烟和被动吸烟的社会经济影响因素。方法　采用按比例概率抽样方法（PPS）从富民县7个乡镇中随机抽取4 275名≥18岁常住居民进行面访问卷调查。并应用多水平Logistic模型分析影响吸烟和被动吸烟的个体和乡级因素。结果　富民县农村居民的吸烟率和被动吸烟率分别为32.5%和40.7%;男性的吸烟率明显高于女性（66.3%和0.9%,P＜0.01）,而女性的被动吸烟率高于男性（42.9%和33.7%,P＜0.05）。随着年龄的增长吸烟和暴露于被动吸烟的可能性变小（P＜0.01）;个体文化程度越高者（OR＝0.629,95%CI:0.483～0.819）和居住在乡镇整体教育水平越高的村民（OR＝0.894,95% CI:0.852～0.938）其吸烟的可能性越小;居住在乡镇整体受教育水平（OR＝0.862,95%CI:0.824～0.903）和收入水平（OR＝0.866,95%CI:0.822～0.912）越高的村民暴露于被动吸烟的可能性越小。结论　富民县降低烟草暴露的干预工作应重点放在居住在乡镇整体受教育水平和收入水平较低的村民。     

广西城市小学生超重肥胖相关影响因素分析

探讨城市学龄儿童超重肥胖相关影响因素,为制定儿童超重肥胖防制策略提供参考.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取广西4个县(区)6 ~13岁城市小学生3 308名,对其进行身高、体重测量和问卷调查.根据《中国学龄儿童少年超重和肥胖预防与控制指南》(试用)判断是否超重肥胖.采用非条件Logistic回归分析探索超重肥胖相关的生活方式影响因素.结果 小学男生超重率、肥胖率分别为10.91%,6.50%;女生超重率、肥胖率分别为7.15%,4.16%,男、女生超重肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(x2分别为14.003,8.822,P值均<0.05).男、女生睡眠不足比例分别为9.78%,10.92%.男生正常出生体重是超重/肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.66,95% CI=0.44 ~0.99),体力活动时间不足是危险因素(OR=4.28,95% CI=1.57 ~11.65),女生充足的睡眠是超重/肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.46,95% CI=O.23 ~0.90).结论 出生体重、体力活动时间和睡眠时间是儿童超重肥胖的主要影响因素.家庭、学校、社区联动干预是减少儿童超重/肥胖的重要措施.     

天津市居民超重肥胖流行趋势及与慢性病的关系

目的 了解天津市居民超重和肥胖患病状况,并分析与其他慢性病的关系.方法 于2006年采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法分别抽取天津市城区、农村、滨海新区居民1 327人、1 077人、482人,共计2 886人,对调查对象进行体格测量和实验室检查,分析超重、肥胖及中心型肥胖在人群的分布及与其他慢性病的相对危险度.结果 天津市居民超重率为30.4%,肥胖率为15.5%,中心型肥胖率为48.6%;超重率、肥胖率及中心型肥胖率均以老年人(60岁～)最高(χ2值分别为38.95,48.23,84.91,均P<0.05).城市、农村、滨海新区超重率均为男性高于女性(χ2值分别为14.15,5.32,22.54,均P<0.05),而中心型肥胖率相反(χ2值分别为15.52,34.46,29.54,均P<0.05),肥胖率在城市为男性高于女性(χ2=5.41,P<0.05),而在农村及滨海新区为男性低于女性(χ2值分别为15.90,8.49,均P<0.05).超重可增加患高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、冠心病的风险(OR值分别为2.54,1.17,1.32,1.49),中心型肥胖会增加患高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、冠心病的风险(OR值分别为4.63,1.94,1.62.2.61).结论 天津市居民超重、肥胖及中心型肥胖率均较高,且是主要慢性病的危险因素.     

云南省红河州成年人超重和肥胖流行特征及其影响因素

目的了解红河州成年人超重和肥胖流行特征及其影响因素,为制定相关防制策略和措施提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2014年3-8月对红河州4 704名18岁及以上居民进行人口学及主要生活行为的问卷调查和体格检查,计算超重率和肥胖率,应用SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行χ2检验和方差分析。采用拟合非条件二分类logistic回归模型进行超重和肥胖的多因素分析,探讨超重和肥胖的影响因素。结果红河州18岁及以上居民超重率为27.1%,肥胖率为10.7%,中心性肥胖率为34.6%。城市居民肥胖率高于农村,女性高于男性,45～岁年龄组高于其他年龄组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,已婚居民的超重与肥胖率高于其他婚姻状况居民（OR=1.5）,现在吸烟者高于不吸烟者（OR=1.2）,年龄≥35岁居民高于18～34岁年龄组（OR=1.4）,城市居民高于农村居民（OR=1.4）,中心性肥胖者高于非中心性肥胖居民（OR=11.1）。结论红河州成年人超重和肥胖率处于较高水平,不同特征人群存在差异,亟待加强红河州超重和肥胖防控工作。     

北京市航天职工超重肥胖的影响因素及与血脂异常的相关性研究

目的了解北京市航天系统职工的超重及肥胖情况,探讨其影响因素及与血脂异常的相关性,为企业健康管理提供科学的参考依据。方法选取2012年参加航天中心医院健康体检的职工980名,填写个人生活方式问卷,测量身高、体重、血压、血脂等指标,采用单因素及多因素logistic回归方法,分析超重肥胖的影响因素及与血脂异常的相关性。结果共回收有效问卷776份,北京市航天系统职工超重和肥胖的发生率分别为34．4％和10．1％,根据2002年全国及2006年北京地区人群标化,超重率分别是36．9％和36．3％,肥胖率分别是12．3％和11．8％。单因素分析结果显示年龄（OR=2．050、1．666、2．164,95％CI：1．490—2．820、1．048～2．648、1．164～4．020）、性男0（OR=0．296,95％CI：0．211～0．416）、婚姻状况（OR=2．178,95％CI：1．591～2．980）、吸烟（OR=2．571、1．889,95％CI：1．061～6．229、1．341～2．660）和饮酒（OR=1．547、1．796,95％凹：0．570～4．195、1．319～2．447）等是北京市航天职工超重肥胖的影响因素;多因素分析显示年龄增长（OR=1．562、1．775、2．206,95％CI：1．029—2．372、0．943～3．341、0．977—4．978）、已婚（OR=1．591,95％c,：1．045—2．421）是超重肥胖发生的危险因素,女性（OR=0．311,95％CI：0．206～0．469）、不喜食肉类（OR=0．663,95％CI：0．437～1．007）及不常吃油炸食品（OR=0．604,95％CI：0．420～0．870）是超重肥胖的保护因素。超重肥胖与血脂异常的相关性研究显示,与正常体重者相比,超重肥胖者患高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症等疾病的风险均增高。结论北京市航天职工超重肥胖率较高,患血脂异常的风险高于一般人群,应重点在男性及已婚职工中开展控制体重工作,在职工中培养健康的饮食习惯是预防超重和肥胖发生的重要因素。     

广州市城区小学二年级学生家庭在外就餐频次与学生肥胖的关系

目的 了解广州市城区小学二年级学生的家庭在外就餐现状及其影响因素,并分析其与儿童超重肥胖的关系。方法 抽取广州市12所小学的二年级学生2 206名,进行问卷调查和体格检查。应用logistic回归模型分析家庭在外就餐的影响因素及其与儿童超重肥胖的关系。结果 学生家庭在外就餐≥1次/周者占53.99%。多因素分析显示,独生子女家庭比非独生子女家庭有更高的可能性在外就餐（OR = 1.45,95% CI:1.18～1.78,P＜0.001）。与家庭人均月收入＜5 000元的家庭相比,收入高的家庭在外就餐的可能性更高（家庭人均月收入为5 000～9 999元:OR = 1.60,95% CI:1.21～2.13,P = 0.001;≥10 000元:OR = 2.22,95% CI:1.68～2.94,P＜0.001）。类似,与父母文化程度为高中及以下的家庭相比,父母文化程度为大专或本科的家庭有更高的在外就餐可能性（OR = 1.87,95% CI:1.44～2.43,P＜0.001）。而中等营养知识得分的家长较得分高的家长有减少带孩子外出就餐的倾向（OR = 0.75,95% CI:0.59～0.95,P = 0.016）。此外,家庭在外就餐与儿童超重肥胖风险增高存在统计学关联（OR = 1.31,95% CI:1.03～1.67,P = 0.032）。结论 广州市城区小学二年级学生家庭在外就餐现象较为普遍。独生子女家庭、家庭收入和父母文化程度和营养知识水平是家庭在外就餐的影响因素。家庭在外就餐可能会增加儿童超重肥胖的风险。     

Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in a Nigerian Population

Objective

This survey explored prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associations with socio-demographic variables in a Nigerian population.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey involved 1521 adults in Nnewi. Age, sex, educational and occupational status, and BMI were recorded.

Results

Prevalence of overweight was higher in males (32.3%; 95% CI, 29.5%–35.2%) than in females (29.8%; 95% CI, 26.8%–33.0%); the reverse was the case for prevalence of obesity (19.6%; 95% CI, 17.3%–22.2% in males and 36.0%; 95% CI, 32.8%–39.4% in females). Higher odds ratios (ORs) for overweight and obesity were observed in participants aged 41–60 years (OR 2.03; 95% CI, 1.57–2.61 for overweight and OR 4.29; 95% CI, 3.25–5.67 for obesity) and those >60 years (OR 1.72; 95% CI, 1.21–2.43 for overweight and OR 4.21; 95% CI, 2.86–6.19 for obesity) compared to those aged 18–40 years. Female sex was associated with higher ORs for overweight (OR 1.20; 95% CI, 0.96–1.51) and obesity (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.73–2.83). Participants with secondary education had marginally higher ORs for overweight (OR 1.15; 95% CI, 0.88–1.51) and obesity (OR 1.17; 95% CI, 0.86–1.59) than those with tertiary education, and so were those with primary education for obesity (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 0.74–1.89) but higher OR for overweight (OR 1.44; 95% CI, 0.98–2.13). Unskilled participants had about the same OR for overweight and obesity as professionals, and while skilled participants had about the same OR for overweight as professionals, their OR for obesity (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.67–2.43) was fairly higher than that for professionals.

Conclusions

Prevalence of overweight is higher in males than in females, but the reverse is the case for prevalence of obesity. Older age and female sex are associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity, while working at a skilled occupation is associated with obesity, and tertiary educational attainment is associated with overweight.Key words: determinants, obesity, overweight, prevalence, developing country     

浙江省某市2002-2015年婴幼儿营养状况分析

目的 了解浙江省某市2002-2015年婴幼儿营养状况,分析有关影响因素。方法 利用该市电子医疗记录数据库,提取孕妇首次随访数据与婴幼儿体格检查数据。采用Z值评分对婴幼儿营养状况进行评价,应用Logistic回归探讨婴幼儿生长不良的影响因素。结果 在48 827名体检的婴幼儿中,低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦、超重、肥胖率分别为1.43%、1.31%、1.90%、2.62%、0.34%。不同性别间肥胖发生率的差别具有统计学意义（χ2=5.164,P=0.023）。婴幼儿超重、肥胖检出率呈逐年下降趋势,低体重率呈上升趋势。Logistic回归分析显示,母亲高文化程度是婴幼儿低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦的保护因素;孕前体重指数（body mass index,BMI）较高是婴幼儿超重（OR=1.063,95%CI:1.057~1.069,P<0.001）、肥胖（OR=1.074,95%CI:1.060~1.088,P<0.001）的危险因素;高危妊娠是婴幼儿低体重（OR=2.214,95%CI:1.928~2.542,P<0.001）、生长迟缓（OR=2.543,95%CI:2.193~2.949,P<0.001）、消瘦（OR=1.211,95%CI:1.062~1.380,P=0.004）的危险因素。结论 该地区婴幼儿生长发育情况总体良好,但仍面临营养不良与营养过剩的双重问题。母亲孕前BMI、文化程度及是否高危妊娠是儿童生长不良的影响因素。     

Trends in overweight and obesity in Portugal: the National Health Surveys 1995-6 and 1998-9

OBJECTIVE: To assess overweight and obesity trends in the Portuguese population. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: National Health Surveys, conducted in 1995-6 (17,989 men; 20,249 women) and 1998-9 (17,923 men; 20,302 women), were used. RESULTS: In men, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 39.9% (95% CI: 39.2 to 40.6) and 10.3% (95% CI: 9.9 to 10.7), respectively, in 1995-6, to 42.5% (95% CI: 41.8 to 43.2) and 11.5% (95% CI: 11.0 to 12.0), respectively, in 1998-9. In women, prevalence of obesity increased from 12.7% (95% CI: 12.2 to 13.2) in 1995-6 to 14.2% (95% CI: 13.7 to 14.6) in 1998-9, whereas the prevalence of overweight remained stable: 32.2% (95% CI: 31.6 to 32.9) in 1995-6 and 32.3% (95% CI: 31.6 to 32.9) in 1998-9. In men, prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher among former smokers and educational group of 6 to 12 years, and prevalence of obesity was higher in the Lisbon region. In women, prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher among never smokers, and prevalence of obesity was higher among educational group of -6 years. Prevalence of obesity was higher in the Alentejo region, and overweight was higher in the Center region. Finally, prevalence of obesity increased in both sexes for all strata studied (age, smoking status, educational level, and geographic region), whereas prevalence of overweight increased only in men. DISCUSSION: In Portugal, overweight and obesity levels are related to sociodemographic factors; the increase in obesity levels stresses the need for preventive measures.     

潮州市居民肥胖状态与高血压关联强度的剂量-反应关系

目的 分析潮州市居民肥胖状态与高血压间的剂量-反应关系,为提出适宜的血压控制方案提供参考.方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,对潮州市常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查.采用Logistic回归分析模型探讨BMI、腰围与高血压患病的关联;采用基于限制性立方样条的Logistic回归分析模型分析BMI、腰围与高血压间剂量-反...     

Waist circumference as a measurement of obesity in the Netherlands Antilles; associations with hypertension and diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate waist circumference (WC) as a screening tool for obesity in a Caribbean population. To identify risk groups with a high prevalence of (central) obesity in a Caribbean population, and to evaluate associations between (central) obesity and self-reported hypertension and diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Population-based study. SUBJECTS: A random sample of adults (18 y or older) was selected from the Population Registries of three islands of the Netherlands Antilles. Response was over 80%. Complete data were available for 2025 subjects. INTERVENTION: A questionnaire and measurements of weight, height, waist and hip. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Central obesity indicator (WC > or =102 cm men, > or =88 cm women). RESULTS: WC was positively associated with age (65-74 y vs 18-24 y) in men (OR=7.7, 95% CI 3.4-17.4) and women (OR=6.4, 95% CI 3.2-12.7). Women with a low education had a higher prevalence of central obesity than women with a high education (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7). However, men with a high income had a higher prevalence of a central obesity than men with a low income (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.6). WC was the strongest independent obesity indicator associated with self-reported hypertension (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.0) and diabetes mellitus (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: The identified risk groups were women aged 55-74 y, women with a low educational level and men with a high income. WC appears to be the major obesity indicator associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. SPONSORSHIP: Island Governments of Saba, St Eustatius and Bonaire, the Federal Government of the Netherlands Antilles, Dutch Directorate for Kingdom relationships.     

Overweight among children and adolescents in a Native Canadian community: prevalence and associated factors

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of pediatric obesity in North America is increasing. Native American children are at especially high risk. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of pediatric overweight and associated behavioral factors in a Native Canadian community with high rates of adult obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Height and weight were measured in 445 children and adolescents aged 2-19 y. Fitness level, television viewing, body image concepts, and dietary intake were assessed in 242 subjects aged 10-19 y. Overweight was defined as a body mass index > or =85th percentile value for age- and sex-specific reference data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Multiple logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with overweight, with adjustment for age and sex. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of overweight in subjects aged 2-19 y was significantly higher than NHANES III reference data [boys: 27. 7% (95% CI: 21.8, 34.5); girls: 33.7% (95% CI: 27.9, 40.1)]. In the subset aged 10-19 y, > or =5 h television viewing/d was associated with a significantly higher risk of overweight than was < or =2 h/d [odds ratio (OR) = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.98]. Subjects in the third and fourth quartiles of fitness had a substantially lower risk of overweight than did those in the first quartile [third quartile compared with first quartile: OR = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.66); fourth quartile compared with first quartile: OR = 0.13 (95% CI: 0.03, 0. 48)]. Fiber consumption on the previous day was associated with a decreased risk of overweight (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.99 for each 0.77 g/MJ increase in fiber intake). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric overweight is a harbinger of future diabetes risk and indicates a need for programs targeting primary prevention of obesity in children and adolescents.     

玉环县农村社区≥35岁居民超重和肥胖及其与高血压的关系

  目的  了解浙江省玉环县农村社区≥35岁居民超重和肥胖流行现状,探索超重、肥胖与高血压患病的关系。  方法  2009-2010年,采用整群抽样方法在玉环县所有农村社区中抽取124 693名≥35岁常住居民进行横断面调查,分析超重和肥胖与高血压患病之间的关系。  结果  玉环县农村社区≥35岁居民超重和肥胖率分别为34.53%和10.18%。其中男性超重率（35.56%）高于女性（33.66%）,女性肥胖率（11.26%）高于男性（8.90%）,差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。多因素分析显示:年龄、是否务农、教育程度、规律体育锻炼、吸烟、饮酒和高盐饮食等均为超重/肥胖的可能影响因素（均有P<0.05）。在调整可能的混杂因素后,非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示:男性超重和肥胖者患高血压的风险分别是体重正常人群的2.02（95%CI:1.93~2.11）和3.83（95%CI:3.57~4.10）倍;女性分别为1.94（95%CI:1.86~2.02）和3.56（95%CI:3.35~3.77）倍。  结论  玉环县农村社区≥35岁居民超重和肥胖患病率较高,且超重和肥胖可能增加高血压的患病风险。     

Secondary anthropometric data analysis of the National Food Consumption Survey in South Africa: the double burden

OBJECTIVE: There is an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children worldwide, including South Africa. We investigated the prevalences of overweight, obesity, and stunting in a current generation of children (ages 12 to 108 mo), which has a high prevalence of stunting, and evaluated the determinants of both nutritional disorders. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of the weight and height measurements of 12- to 108-mo-old children (weighted n = 2200, non-weighted n = 2894) during the 1999 National Food Consumption Survey in South Africa is reported. The body mass index reference percentiles recommended for use in children by the International Obesity Task Force were used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) percentiles were used to determine the prevalence of stunting. RESULTS: Nationally, the prevalence of stunting (height-for-age < or = -2 standard deviations, NCHS 50th percentile) in these children was 19.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.49 to 21.16) and was highest in 1- to 3-y-old children (24.4%) and in children of farm workers on commercial farms (25.6%). The prevalence of combined overweight and obesity (body mass index > or = 25 kg/m(2) in 17.1%, 95% CI = 15.00 to 19.23) at the national level was nearly as high as that for stunting. Further, the types of determinants for stunting and overweight were generally similar (although directionally opposite in degree of risk conferred) and included type of housing, type of toilet in the home, fuel used in cooking, presence of a refrigerator or stove, presence of a television in the house, educational level of the caregiver, and maternal education level. An example of the directionally opposite degree of risk is exemplified by the use of paraffin as a fuel being protective against being overweight (odds ratio = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.97) but predictive of an increased risk for stunting (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.48). Stunting itself conferred an increased risk (odds ratio = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.20) of being overweight. CONCLUSION: Certain defined determinants appear to play important roles in children's nutritional outcomes in relation to stunting and to overweight and obesity.