基于节点聚合度的生成簇算法

无线传感器网络可以用无向图表示，节点及其一跳邻节点构成一个子图。子图节点总数与边总数的比值作为该节点的聚合度，选择子图中聚合度最大的节点作为簇头，建立网络逻辑簇结构。与传统的最小ID算法和最大连通度算法相比，仿真结果表明该算法建立簇之间的重叠度最低。     

无线传感器网络节点部署算法的优化研究

研究无线传感器网络的部署.无线传感器网络中靠近基站的传感器节点因需要转发其它节点的数据而消耗更多的能量,导致出现能量空洞,使网络生命过早地结束.为了避免能量空洞的形成,延长网络寿命,提出一种高效的节点部署算法.算法以最优工作节点数、中继节点部署方案和节点传输距离作为约束条件,以最大网络效率为优化目标进行研究.仿真结果表...     

二元决策图和故障树相融合的无线传感器网络可靠性分析

为了提高无线传感器分析网络可靠性,提出一种基于二元决策图和故障树相融合的无线传感器网络可靠分析方法;首先根据无线传感器网络拓扑结构建立了故障树模型,然后将无线传感器网络故障树转化为二元决策图结构,最后采用仿真实验分析了不同节点冗余度、不同跳数条件下无线传感器网络的可靠性;仿真结果表明,文章方法的分析结果可以帮助无线传感器网络性能的优化,可以提高无线传感器网络的可靠性.     

改进的蚁群算法网络节点覆盖优化研究

研究无线网络节点覆盖优化问题,由于传感器网络节点冗余和供电能量限制,影响网络的生命周期.针对当前传感器网络存在的热区问题,导致求解困难,提出一种将蚁群算法运用到无线传感器网络节点最优覆盖问题上.充分利用了蚁群优化算法的优点,算法首先对网络中的节点进行非均匀部署,将信息素放置在传感器网络节点上,每个节点赋予两个信息素,分别指示该节点两个不同的信息量.在算法中设置了有效的启发式信息以引导蚂蚁的搜索行为.蚂蚁将根据信息素和启发式信息决定使用哪些节点进行覆盖,进行建立求解模型,将模型变为简单的线性规划问题.仿真结果表明,当前经典的网络节点覆盖算法相比,算法提高网络覆盖率、降低了网络能耗,并对优化网络节点覆盖.     

无线传感器网络最少数量通信节点定位方法

随机布置的无线传感器网络,通信节点数量和位置影响网络性能。利用免疫理论与矢量量化技术提出了一种具有最少数量特性的无线传感器网络通信节点定位方法。根据生物免疫机制建立无线传感器节点激活模型,基于免疫自适应调节算法确定传递事件信息所需最少通信节点数;以全部节点坐标为矢量,通信节点数为矢量类别,矢量量化后获得的代表矢量即为通信节点在监测区域的位置。仿真结果表明该方法能极大地减少通信节点数量,优化网络空间资源布局。     

基于微粒群模型的移动传感器网络部署研究

传感器节点的部署是无线传感器网络中的很重要的问题,因为它反映了传感器网络的成本和监视能力.为了减少传感器节点部署时产生的覆盖盲区,提高网络的覆盖率,提出了一种新的基于微粒群模型的移动传感器节点位置优化配置算法.该算法根据节点的位置信息建立节点部署优化模型.利用微粒群算法求解该优化模型,优化过程中的最优解作为节点的最终配置位置.仿真结果表明该算法最大可能地减少了网络中的覆盖盲区,有效改善了网络的覆盖率.     

基于蝙蝠优化器的三维无线传感器网络节能覆盖增强策略

针对三维无线传感器网络在传感器节点重新部署时,由于复杂和恶劣环境导致的传感器节点电池充电和恢复困难的问题,提出了一种基于蝙蝠优化器的三维无线传感器网络节能覆盖增强策略.首先,利用截角八面体对三维环境进行无缝叠加,将覆盖增强和能量优化问题转化为将节点移动到截角八面体的任务分配问题;其次,基于蝙蝠优化器实现无线传感器网络的最小化总能耗和平衡剩余能量的多目标优化;最后,通过建立仿真模型,与虚拟力导向粒子群优化算法、三维虚拟力算法、及匈牙利算法进行对比分析,验证策略的有效性与可靠性.实验结果表明:所提策略能使节点剩余能量的均匀性分别提高30.53％、43.44％和32.03％,同时能有效降低节点总能耗,并在最大能耗节点的能耗、最终覆盖率和时间消耗方面表现良好,具有较高的可靠性和准确性.     

权重感知的三维室内无线传感器网络部署算法

已有室内受限空间无线传感器网络部署问题的研究均未综合考虑各种部署应用需求以及障碍物对无线传感器信号的干扰,导致传感器感知与通信能力的浪费。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于启发式算法的无线传感器网络部署算法,该算法利用贪心策略在有障碍的三维室内环境中进行部署,并在此基础上设计了权重感知的遗传算法优化策略用以求解全局最优部署方案。部署算法利用分权的方式描述不同空间区域的重要性,利用带方差的对数正态阴影模型建模信号衰减过程,在获得最大覆盖效果的同时最小化部署开销,并保证空间k覆盖和网络连通性。实验结果表明,障碍物对无线传感器节点造成一定影响时,提出的WCRH算法与OWCRG算法的性能均优于使用传统Lineof-Sight(LoS)模型的基于面积开销比的启发式算法。     

异构无线传感器网络中异构节点的部署与优化

在无线传感器网络中适当地部署少量的异构传感器节点能够有效地延长网络寿命,提高网络的可靠性.本文主要研究无线传感器网络中异构节点的部署问题,提出了基于选址问题的异构节点部署算法,以优化无线传感器网络中异构节点的数量和位置.与其它算法相比,该算法对无线传感器网络的拓扑结构没有特定的要求,可以支持随机部署或人工部署的各种传感器网络,最后还给出了该算法的仿真测试结果.     

现代优化技术在无线传感器网络中的应用

无线传感器网络是由大量廉价、微小的传感器节点构成的,用于实时监测环境的无线自组织网络。由于无线传感器网络具有规模庞大、节点的计算和存储资源受限、网络拓扑动态不确定等特性,设计高性能的无线传感器网络常常会涉及传统的技术难以建模和求解的复杂优化问题。现代优化技术是一类新兴的具有较强全局搜索能力的启发式优化算法,是解决无线传感器网络中的复杂优化问题的有力工具。作者在研究现代优化技术在无线传感器网络中的主要应用领域,包括传感器节点的定位、网络节点的部署优化、网络覆盖优化、网络路由优化和数据融合问题的基础上,分析了现代优化技术在求解无线传感器网络中的复杂优化问题上的优缺点,并对该领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。