YBa2Cu3O7—x—Ag界面与表面的研究

使用XRD,SEM-EDX和LAS-3000联合谱仪研究了YBCO-Ag界面与表面。结果表明,YBCO体内掺0.4 mol Ag对123结构无影响.Ag偏聚在晶界上使晶粒间变得明显清晰;AES分析指出Ag偏聚在表面上,降低了YBCO-金属导线的接触电阻.实验还证实,不论掺入的原料是单质(Ag粉)还是化合物(Ag_2O,AgNO_3),经高温退火处理,Ag总是以单质形态固溶和偏聚在晶界及表面上,由于Ag的室温电阻率很小,有利于增强超导颗粒间的连通性。     

On the role of pre-existing defects and magnetic flux avalanches in the degradation of YBa2Cu3O7–x coated conductors by quenching

YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x (YBCO) coated conductors are emerging as an important option for magnets for energy systems and experimental science. One of the remaining challenges for YBCO superconducting magnets is quench protection, i.e. ensuring that the YBCO is not damaged due to a fault condition. One key issue is understanding the underlying causes of degradation during a quench. Here, the microstructure of a quenched, degraded sampled is compared to that of an unquenched control sample. To facilitate microstructural analysis of the YBCO surface, the Cu stabilizer and Ag cap layer were removed by etching. Reactions between the Cu etchant and YBCO proved to be a signature of Ag/YBCO delamination. Two types of pre-existing defects were identified as initiation points of degradation. Defects on the conductor edge resulting in delaminated Ag lead to dendritic flux avalanches and high local heating, which cause further Ag delamination. This self-propagating effect results in dendritic Ag delamination, which is seen through etchant–YBCO reactions. Defects within the YBCO layer result in breaches in the protective Ag layer such that Cu etchant penetrates and reacts with the YBCO. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed similar reactions as in the edge degradation but also showed pure Ag particles, which indicates that the local temperature was sufficient to cause localized Ag melting.     

Fabrication of YBCO films on Ag substrate by TFA-MOD method

Biaxial aligned YBCO films have been successfully deposited on Ag { 110 } (110) textured polycrystalline substrates by metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method using Trifluoroacetate Salt (TFA). The influence of firing temperature and Ag surface defects on phase purity and texture, surface morphology of YBCO films was studied. Holding temperature at 900℃ for 30 rain benefits to improve orientation and connectivity of YBCO films. The surface of YBCO films deposited on unpolished Ag substrate has many holes and stripes, which are parallel to the rolling stripe on Ag substrates. To eliminate the rolling stripe on the Ag surface, Ag substrates were polished prior to films deposition. The film grown on polished Ag substrates has a smooth surface and good connectivity of grains without parallel stripes. The YBCO films have an onset of transition around 90K and critical current densities of 15000 A/cm^2.     

Highly c-axis Oriented YBCO Thin Films Deposited on Cold Rolling Ag Substrates and Textures of Cold-Rolling and Recrystallization in Ag

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Al2O3和Cr过渡层对Ag膜光学性质及其附着力的影响

研究了在玻璃基底上镀制Al2O3和Cr过渡层对Ag膜反射率及附着力的影响.分光光度计测试了Ag膜的反射率,结果表明,与Cr过渡层相比,Al2O3过渡层对Ag膜反射率的降低相对较小;而且,随着Al2O3厚度的增加,Ag膜的反射率先增大后减小.XRD与AES测试表明,引入Al2O3或Cr可明显细化Ag晶粒,减弱Ag膜(111)织构;Al2O3作过渡层时,Al原子向Ag层中扩散显著;而Cr作过渡层时,只有少量Cr原子扩散进入Ag层.因此,Al2O3作过渡层能显著增强薄膜与玻璃基体之间的附着力.     

Corrosion Process and Surface Protection for YBCO Superconductor

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CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION AND ELEMENTAL SEGREGATION OF FLAKES IN STEELS

利用电子光学仪器(扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子探针和Auger能谱仪)对钢中白点的晶体取向和元素偏析进行了综合研究。结果表明:白点断口以晶内的准解理和沿晶的波状撕裂条纹的混合断裂形态为特征;白点断裂面的晶体学取向主要是沿铁素体{112}晶面的准解理断裂,显徽空隙内枝晶表面为{111}自由面;白点断口上有P和Cr,Mo,Mn的正偏析,其中以P最为明显。     

采用低氟溶胶-凝胶法在725℃煅烧温度下制备YBCO超导薄膜的研究

采用低氟溶胶-凝胶法在LaAlO₃(100)基板上制备了YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x (YBCO)薄膜,研究了725℃的煅烧过程中氧含量对最终所得到YBCO薄膜的临界电流密度J_c的影响。研究发现,煅烧过程中氧气含量在100-1700 ppm范围内时,所获得的YBCO薄膜均具有良好的双轴织构特征。然而,当氧气含量较小时,所获得的YBCO薄膜致密性差,J_c较低。随着氧气含量的增大,YBCO薄膜表面逐渐变得致密。当氧气含量增加到300ppm时,YBCO薄膜表面较致密,J_c值达到4.3MA/cm₂。继续增大氧含量,薄膜表面出现富铜的第二相颗粒并逐渐增多,导致薄膜J_c降低。     

Effects of Al, Ga, and Ag on the anti-oxidation and wetting reactions of Sn-9Zn-X solders

The effects of Ca, Al, and Ag on the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-X solders and the interface reactions between the solders and Cu substrate were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, respectively. The mechanism of improving the wettability of Sn-g Zn lead-flee solder by adding Ca, Al, and Ag was also revealed. The AES analysis indicated that Al and Ca might enrich on the molten solder surface which resulted in improving the anti-oxidation of Sn-gZn-O. O05Al and Sn-gZn-O. 3C, a alloys. The addition of Ca reduced the apparent activation energy and promoted the interface reaction. With the addition of 0.3 wt. % Ag, some scallop-like intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at the interface, according to the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, these scallop-like IMCs might be the mixture of Ag-Zn and Cu-Sn compounds.     

碳钢海水工业冷却器的腐蚀控制技术

应用电化学联合保护新技术,通过冷却管管内保护电位与保护电流测量,研究静止与流动海水中管内保护电位变化,保护电位与保护电流随时间变化以及管径与海水流速对管内保护电位的影响。冷却管11个月平均保护电流密度约0．4mA/m^2,11个月后冷却管（管内径19mm,长3m）管内远端保护电位为－940mV（相对于Ag/AgCI参比电极）。实现冷却管（管内径19mm)内保护距离从以前的0．3m提高到3m以上（单端）。经过近一年的模拟实验,冷却管完好如初。     

镀锌层表面硅酸盐防腐膜的研究

采用盐雾试验和电化学腐蚀试验对镀锌层表面硅酸盐钝化膜的耐蚀性进行了测试.XPS分析表明,膜层表面锌以ZnS形式存在,而在膜内则以ZnO形式存在.由AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得各组成元素的相对原子百分浓度(A.C.%):O59.2,Zn5.9,Si19.1,N2.7,S4.2,P3.6,C5.3.     

用XPS和AES研究镀锡层表面月桂胺防变色膜

对比了多种防锡变色剂的效果,发现月桂胺是一种优良的防锡变色剂。月桂胺处理镀锡层的最佳条件为：月桂胺２．５ｇ／Ｌ;ｐＨ＝８;７０℃;１０ｍｉｎ。ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ分析结果表明,月桂胺中的氮与锡表面发生配位作用并在锡表面形成耐蚀性保护膜。从膜的ＡＥＳ元素深度分布曲线的恒定区求得配合物膜的组成（Ａ．Ｃ．％）为：Ｏ３９．０％;Ｓｎ４８．７％;Ｎ７．９％;Ｃ４．４％。     

{001}LaAlO_3衬底上沉积YBa_2Cu_3O_（7-x）薄膜的HRXRD研究

采用脉冲激光沉积技术（PLD）在{001}LaAlO3（LAO）衬底上生长YBa2Cu3O7-x（YBCO）薄膜,并通过极图、摇摆曲线以及倒易空间图谱等高分辨X射线衍射技术（HRXRD）对其微结构进行表征。结果表明,YBCO薄膜的晶粒取向主要为{001}YBCO//{001}LAO,〈100〉YBCO//〈100〉LAO,但还有2%的{001}YBCO//{001}LAO,〈110〉YBCO//〈100〉LAO取向。摇摆曲线结果表明,YBCO的面外取向有一定的漫散（宽度为0.75°）;薄膜面内存在90°±0.65°〈110〉孪晶畴结构,主要是由四方到正交的相变过程中较大的局部应力以及〈100〉和〈010〉方向应力差异引起的。     

Surface composition of electropolished CuNi alloys—An application of AES and XPS

The surface composition of CuNi alloys that were electropolished in a mixed acid (H₂SO₄ : H₃PO₄ : H₂O = 170 : 546 : 308 vol. ratio) were examined by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Analysis by AES revealed that surface content ratio of nickel to copper on the electropolished surfaces was almost the same as the bulk one; the surface electropolished at the transpassive region was slightly enriched with copper. Chemical species of the surface were revealed by XPS to be Ni₂O₃ and copper oxide (Cu₂O and/or CuO).     

N^＋注入等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层的摩擦磨损特性

研究了等离子喷涂Ｃｒ２Ｏ３涂层经Ｎ＋注入后在大气下的滑动摩擦磨损行为．利用ＳＥＭ、ＸＰＳ、ＡＥＳ等测试技术观察测定了摩擦副材料的磨痕形貌、表面元素的组成以及摩擦界面间的物质转移。结果表明：Ｎ＋注入提高了Ｃｒ２Ｏ３涂层的耐磨性。     

电泳沉积法在Ni-W基带上制备YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导厚膜(英文)

研究La0.4Sr0.6TiO3(LSTO)缓冲层和YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)超导厚膜的低成本制备技术。采用X射线衍射分析LSTO和YBCO膜的晶体取向,利用标准四引线法分析LSTO薄膜的导电性能和YBCO厚膜的超导性能。首先采用金属有机沉积法(MOD)成功在Ni-W基带上制备取向较好、表面光滑致密的LSTO缓冲层;然后采用电泳沉积(EPD)技术制备YBCO超导厚膜。研究电泳沉积电压和沉积时间对YBCO涂层性能的影响。结果表明:138V下电泳沉积35 min所制备的YBCO涂层,临界电流密度可达600 A/cm2(0 T,77 K)。     

钇钡铜氧超导厚膜的研究进展

YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO)涂层导体(也称第二代高温超导带材)在77 K下具有较高的不可逆场和本征载流能力,在强电领域有着广泛的应用。第2代高温超导带材是基于薄膜外延技术发展起来的实用超导材料,为使其尽快商业化,科学家们一直在不断探索研究YBCO的基础物性和成材机理。如何制备具有高临界电流密度的厚膜就成为当前YBCO高温超导涂层应用过程中亟待解决的关键问题。介绍了厚膜与临界电流之间的关系并综述了国际主流研究机构对YBCO厚膜的最新研究进展情况。     

Preparation of YBCO Coated Conductors on RABiTS Substrate with Advanced TFA-MOD Method

YBCO high temperature coated conductors are the most promising candidate for large scale superconducting transmission cables and fault current limiters. A modified TFA-MOD method was applied to prepare YBCO layer on Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrate (RABiTS) with textured Y 2 O 3 /YSZ/CeO 2 buffer layers, resulting in reduced time and cost of fabrication. By using Cu naphthenate instead of Cu(TFA) 2 , the pyrolysis time of the YBCO precursors was reduced significantly. YBCO films with thickness ...     

KINETICS OF OXIDATION LEACHING OF Ag IN AMMONIACAL SOLUTIONS

研究了Ag在NH_3-O_2和NH_3-H_2O_2水溶液体系中的浸取行为.结果表明,在常压下氧化剂浓度低时(如在NH_3-O_2体系中),浸取反应受在Ag表面上生成的氧化物膜所阻碍;而在浓度足够高的氧化剂时(如在NH_3-H_2O_2体系中),浸取过程可在不生成氧化物膜的条件下进行,此时Ag的溶解速度受传质步骤控制.文中讨论了在氨性溶液中Ag氧化浸取的反应机理.     

FeCl3浸取含Au复杂硫化矿的动力学研究

研究了FeCl_3溶液浸取复杂含金硫化精矿中有价金属Cu,Ag,Pb和Zh的过程,考察了主要过程参量对浸取速率的影响.实验数据用非线性回归方法处理,给出动力学模型,说明精矿中Cu的溶解过程由表面化学反应控制,其速率是Fe~(3+)的0.5级和Cl~(-)的零级反应.实验条件下Cu,Ag,Ph和Zn的最终浸取率分别达到96,95,90和91%,超过90%的Fe进入浸取液,总硫的70%以上转化为元素硫,而Au的浸取率则小于3%表明FeCl_3溶液浸取是含Au复杂硫化精矿预处理并回收有价金属的有潜力的方法