浅谈南川区农作物病虫测报工作现状与今后的发展思路

对我区当前病虫测报现状加以分析,找出目前存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出我区今后病虫测报的主要发展对策,即建立健全病虫监测体系、提高测报人员素质、加强新技术推广应用、适应结构调整,开展新的监测工作。     

长治市病虫害测报防治工作的成效与特点

通过对长治市植保测报防治工作的现状进行深入调查,列出农作物病虫害预测预报的方式与病虫害防治工作的方法,提出相应的建议,以充分发挥测报防治工作,保障全市农作物安全生产。     

山西省植保技术推广工作发展现状与对策思考

一、改革开放以来植保工作演变与现状1.农作物病虫监测预警工作突飞猛进山西省农作物病虫测报工作是随着改革的发展和信息时代的进步而逐步发展起来的。1978年农业部决定在山西建立农业部农作物病虫测报总站山西分站,1982年建成投入使用,同时在全省建立了14个全国重大病虫区域监测站和30个省级病虫测报中心站。从此山西省农作物病虫测报工作进入了快速发展时期。在测报技术手段的应用上由历史上的实查推算向系统资料积累和数理统计分析方向发展,监测对象由原来     

棉花测报诱蛾数据的影响因素及对策

棉花是我国最重要的经济作物之一,棉花的产量与质量不仅仅跟全国人民的生活息息相关,更是与国家的经济发展密不可分。要保证棉花的高质量高产量,棉花的病虫害预测预报是不可或缺的重要环节。相关的棉花病虫测报站应该做好对棉铃虫、红蜘蛛、棉盲蝽等的测报任务,并对调查得出的数据进行系统的分析,把害虫对棉花的影响降到最低。要保证测报诱蛾数据的准确性与科学性,为以后新招人员能够充分学习到前人经验,首先就要尽最大可能的减少人为误差,其次办公条件、天气因素、诱虫灯具设备、办公人员素质与每天收虫时间也是影响测报诱蛾数据准确性的重要因素。现从以下几方面进行分析,探讨影响棉花测报诱蛾数据的因素以及对策。     

金沙江下游梯级水电站水情自动测报系统设计与建设

金沙江下游梯级水电站水情自动测报系统是在金沙江流域现有站网和水文测验设备设施基础上,根据工程施工期间水情预报方案的需要,合理布设水情遥测站网,为金沙江下游梯级水电站施工期间提供实时准确的水情信息。本文详细地介绍了金沙江下游梯级水电站水情自动测报系统的站网布设、总体结构、通信组网方式、遥测站设备等。     

2012年全国植物保护工作要点

根据全国农作物病虫害测报网会商预测,2012年,受异常气候、耕作方式变化等因素的影响,我国水稻、小麦、玉米等主要作物将受到多种病虫草鼠害的威胁,预计全年累计发生病虫草鼠害75亿亩次,比2011年增加3亿亩次。其中水稻"两迁"害虫、稻瘟病、南方水稻黑条矮缩病、小麦蚜虫、赤霉病、玉米二点委夜蛾、     

水情自动测报系统及其在实时洪水预报中的作用

文章介绍了中国水文自动测报系统的组成及工作原理、现代的系统通信方式、遍及全国的联机实时水文预报系统模型,并通过历史实例阐述了这些系统在洪水预报中的重要作用。     

水文资料自动采集,整编,传输,实时预报系统

水文资料自动采集、整编、传输、实时预报系统浙江省水文总站周五一，张文尧系统应用电子技术、计算机技术、无线电通讯技术于水文测报，是水文数据采集、模块现场存贮与无线电遥测相结合，集水文资料采集、电算整编和水文自动测报于一体的综合性系统。一、系统体制系统采...     

加快公共测报体系建设推进病虫预警技术进程

农作物病虫监测是植保部门承担的一项很重要的社会公益性服务工作,是植保部门的技术体系,是植保各项工作的基础和先导,是体现"公共植保、绿色植保"理念的关键,责任十分重大.搞好公共测报体系建设对公益性植保事业是个很大的促进.临汾市针对测报工作实际,从2003年起进行了多项测报体系建设的尝试,经过多年的摸索实践,现公共测报体系建设已初具规模,有效提高了病虫测报工作质量,促进了全市植保工作的开展,推动了病虫害专业化统防统治一工作的进程.     

总结成绩 明确思路 推动病虫测报事业可持续发展

近年来,我国农作物病虫测报事业取得了较快发展,病虫测报基础设施建设得到加强,测报队伍得到巩固,测报技术研究得到深化,数字化建设稳步推进,监测预警能力明显提高.同时,也存在较多问题,影响病虫测报工作的开展.总结近年来病虫测报工作取得的成绩与经验,分析当前测报工作面临的新形势、新特点、新任务,研讨“十二五”期间病虫测报的工作思路、发展目标和今后一段时期的工作重点,对于进一步推进病虫测报事业的可持续发展意义重大.     

Energy, Adhesion, and the Elastic Foundation

A theory for elastic contact adhesion between a rigid sphere and an elastic foundation is developed. The theory derives relationships between the contact deformation and the externally applied force. The derivation is based on elastic contact between a sphere and a thin linear-elastic foundation in which the strain energies are balanced by the work of indentation and the change in surface energy. Contacting regimes where there is either compressive strain energy or only tensile strain energy (pull-off regime) are both treated. The model is non-dimensionalized and an order of magnitude analysis is performed in order to develop simplified closed form solutions; the simplified model is then evaluated and compared to the full solution. This theory finds that the adhesion force is significantly larger for an elastic foundation in which the surface elements act independently as compared to more traditional solutions for elastic solids. The theory gives an adhesion force of $ F_{\text{adh}} \cong 7\pi R\Updelta \gamma . $      

Prediction of the life of details, units, mechanisms, and the devices in general at the design stage

The question of the theoretical investigation of the life of details, units, mechanisms, and a structure in general at the design stage is considered. Computational formulas for the life of various details, units, and mechanisms, as well as the object in general, which are based on coefficients of safety, heat resistance, wear resistance, fatigue, and performance time of tested pilot samples, are presented.     

Surface ultrastructure of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of the catfish, Rita rita, and the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala

Surface ultrastructures of gill filaments and secondary lamellae of Rita rita and Cirrhinus mrigala, inhabiting different ecological habitat, were investigated to unravel adaptive modifications. R. rita is a sluggish, bottom dwelling carnivorous catfish, which inhabits regions of river with accumulations of dirty water. It retains its viability for long time if taken out of water. C. mrigala is an active bottom dwelling Indian major carp, which lives in relatively clean water and dies shortly after taken out of water. In R. rita, gill septa between gill filaments are reduced. Microridges on epithelial cells covering gill filaments are often continuous and arranged concentrically. Secondary lamellae are extensive. The epithelium appears corrugated, show irregular elevations and shallow depressions, and microridges on epithelial cells appear fragmented. In C. mrigala, in contrast, the gill septa are extensive. Microridges on epithelial cells covering gill filaments are fragmented. Secondary lamellae are less extensive. The epithelium appears smooth and microridges on epithelial cells are relatively inconspicuous. These differences have been considered adaptive modification in relation to habit and ecological niches inhabited by two fish species. Presence of mucous goblet cells on gill filaments is discussed in relation to their functions including precipitation of the sediments and preventing clogging of gill filaments. Infrequent mucous goblet cells in the epithelium of secondary lamellae in two fish species are considered an adaptation, minimizing thickness of the epithelium to reduce barrier between blood and water for favoring gasses exchange with increased efficiency.     

Elemental changes in the brain, muscle, and gut cells of the housefly, Musca domestica, exposed to heavy metals

The toxic effects of heavy metals on organisms are well established. However, their specific action at the cellular level in different tissues is mostly unknown. We have used the housefly, Musca domestica, as a model organism to study the toxicity of four heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). These have been fed to larvae at low and high, semi-lethal concentrations, and their accumulation in the head, thorax, and abdomen was subsequently measured in adult flies. In addition, their impact on the cellular concentration of several elements important for cell metabolism-sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg++), phosphorous (P), sulphur (S), chloride (Cl-) and potassium (K+)-were measured in neural cells, muscle fibers, and midgut epithelial cells. Our study showed that the heavy metals accumulate mainly in the abdomen, in which the concentrations of two of the xenobiotic metals, Cd and Pb, were 213 and 23 times more concentrated, respectively, than in controls. All the heavy metals affected the cellular concentration of light elements in all cell types, but the changes observed were dependent on tissue type and were specific for each heavy metal, and its concentration.     

强基础·调结构·开新局

挥别2020,我们即将迎来2021年的第一缕阳光。在这百年变局、辞旧迎新的时代,我谨代表中国机床工具工业协会常设机构,向广大会员、行业企业的全体人员致以节日的问候和诚挚的祝福!向所有关心、支持我国机床工具产业发展的各级领导和社会各界人士表示衷心的感谢!     

Intermolecular Forces, Adhesion, and the Elastic Foundation

A model for the elastic contact between a rigid sphere and an ideal elastic foundation with adhesion has been developed. The model was derived by integrating the full Lennard-Jones potential to arrive at a closed-form equilibrium condition that balances surface energy with strain energy. It was found that the separation height is not a function of the penetration. Using this energy criterion for separation of contact in an elastic foundation, a model for the force displacement relationship was then developed. In this derivation there exists a tensile zone of deformation along the perimeter of the contact. The model also reveals a number of unique aspects of the adhesive contact, including: the maximum adhesion occurs when the apex of the sphere is tangent to the plane of the undeformed surface, the maximum adhesion force $ F_{\text{adh}} = - 2\pi R\Updelta \gamma $ , and the contact area is linearly dependent on penetration. The ability to fit high fidelity indentation data from finite-element analysis and molecular dynamics simulation for thin films was demonstrated. Additionally, experiments were performed on thin films (~40 μm) of PDMS using a custom-built microtribometer with in situ optical interferometry that enabled simultaneous measurements of contact area, penetration depths, externally applied force, and the detailed measurements of the free-surface deformations, which include the predicted tensile zone along the perimeter of contact.