60mm厚Q690D钢连续冷却转变静态CCT曲线及组织

利用膨胀法结合金相-硬度法,在Formast-F全自动相变仪上测定了60mm厚Q690D钢连续冷却转变静态CCT曲线,研究了冷却速度对显微组织、硬度的影响。结果表明:当冷速小于1℃/s时,转变产物为铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体;当冷速为1~3℃/s,转变产物为铁素体、贝氏体;当冷速为5~40℃/s,转变产物为贝氏体、马氏体;当冷速大于40℃/s时,转变产物为完全马氏体;当冷速小于20℃/s时,显微硬度逐渐升高;当冷速在20~100℃/s时,显微硬度在390 HV左右。     

一种连杆用非调质钢的连续冷却转变

通过Gleeble-3800热模拟机研究了一种连杆用中碳非调质钢的连续冷却转变组织变化规律,分析了冷却速度对转变组织和显微硬度的影响。结果表明,当冷却速度小于0.1℃/s时,组织为铁素体-珠光体;当冷却速度大于0.5℃/s时,开始发生贝氏体转变,在0.5～0.8℃/s冷速范围内,组织为铁素体-珠光体+贝氏体;当冷却速度大于1℃/s时开始发生马氏体转变,随着冷却速度的增加,贝氏体、马氏体含量逐渐增加,当冷却速度大于8℃/s时,组织全部为马氏体。实验钢的显微硬度随着冷却速度的提高而增加。     

42CrMo钢动态CCT曲线及组织转变

采用膨胀测量法并结合金相-硬度法测定了42CrMo钢的动态连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线)及组织演变。结果表明,在较低冷却速度下显微组织由铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体组成,冷却速度范围为0.2～1℃/s时,随着冷速的增加,铁素体和珠光体组织逐渐减少直至消失,当冷速增加到1℃/s时,转变组织主要由贝氏体构成。冷却速度≥3℃/s时,显微组织中开始生成马氏体,并在冷却速度≥10℃/s完全转变为马氏体组织。研究还认为马氏体组织的生成是由于大的冷速和大的变形量共同作用的结果。     

新型耐候钢连续冷却转变曲线的测定

用膨胀法结合金相法,在gleeble1500热模拟机上测定了新型耐候钢0.14C-1.43Mn-0.69Si-0.79Al的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线).结果表明,CCT曲线上珠光体和贝氏体的转变区分开,且在珠光体和贝氏体转变区域之间不存在奥氏体亚稳区.冷却速度小于1℃/s,转变产物为铁素体和珠光体;冷却速度为1℃/s,开始出现少量粒状贝氏体;随冷却速度的增大,铁素体和珠光体含量逐渐降低,贝氏体含量逐渐增多;冷速在5～30℃/s范围内,转变产物主要为铁素体和贝氏体;冷速大于30℃/s,马氏体开始出现;冷速达到80℃/s时,贝氏体消失,转变产物为马氏体;水淬的组织全部为马氏体.奥氏体区变形使铁素体转变区向左上方移动,贝氏体转变区向左下方移动.     

含Mo元素CL60钢CCT曲线的测定及分析

在Gleeble-3800热模拟机上测定了含微量Mo元素CL60钢在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,并采用金相-硬度法,测定了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线),研究了冷却速度对其显微组织演变以及硬度的影响。结果表明:当冷却速度小于1℃/s时,实验钢的转变产物为先共析铁素体和珠光体组织;当冷却速度增加到2℃/s时,开始发生贝氏体转变;当冷却速度增加到5℃/s时,开始发生马氏体转变;冷却速度在5～10℃/s的范围内时,转变产物为少量铁素体、珠光体、贝氏体和马氏体所组成的混合组织;当冷却速度为15℃/s时,先共析铁素体消失;当冷却速度为20～40℃/s时,转变产物为珠光体和马氏体混合组织;当冷却速度大于50℃/s时,转变产物全部为马氏体组织。随着冷却速度的增大,实验钢的硬度逐渐增大。尽管Mo元素的加入能细化珠光体片间距,但加Mo元素CL60钢在生产过程中得到理想组织的条件更加苛刻。为避免贝氏体、马氏体等非理想组织出现,不同部位的冷却速度须严格控制在2℃/s以下。     

海洋平台用EQ70钢的连续冷却转变

采用DIL 805A热膨胀仪测定了EQ70海洋平台用钢在不同冷速下连续冷却转变的膨胀曲线,结合组织观察和微观硬度测定,获得了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线。结果表明,冷速在0.5℃/s以下,实验用钢的组织为粒状贝氏体,冷速在0.5℃/s到2℃/s之间组织主要为粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体,冷速为2℃/时,开始有马氏体生成,冷速在5℃/s以上,组织全部转变为马氏体。     

C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢连续冷却转变及组织研究

采用热膨胀仪测定了C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢在不同冷速下连续冷却转变的膨胀曲线;并运用Thermo-Calc软件,进行了C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢相变的理论计算。结合金相组织观察,研究了其连续冷却转变产物的组织形态。结果表明,当冷速0.5℃/s时,组织由许多多边形先共析铁素体、少量珠光体和无碳化物贝氏体组成;冷速5℃/s时,组织为铁素体和贝氏体;冷速10℃/s时,开始出现马氏体和贝氏体的混合组织。     

V-N微合金化600 MPa高强度钢筋钢的动态连续冷却转变曲线

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测定了V-N微合金化600 MPa高强度钢筋钢在不同冷速下连续冷却转变的热膨胀曲线,结合显微组织观察,获得了该钢的动态连续冷却转变曲线。结果表明,当冷却速率小于1 ℃/s时,组织为铁素体和珠光体;当冷却速率为3 ℃/s时,出现少量贝氏体;当冷却速率为8℃/s时,珠光体消失,组织为铁素体和贝氏体;当冷却速率为10 ℃/s时,开始出现马氏体;当冷却速率在20 ℃/s以上时,组织全部转变为马氏体。     

压铸用模具钢4Cr5Mo2V的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变

通过测定不同冷却速度下的相变膨胀曲线、显微组织和硬度,得到了4Cr5Mo2V钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线;结合CCT曲线,研究了不同冷却速度下组织形貌演变及硬度变化的规律;比较分析了4Cr5Mo2V钢与H13钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变的异同。结果表明:经过不同冷却速度冷却后,4Cr5Mo2V钢的相变产物主要为贝氏体(B)和马氏体(M);冷速小于0.06℃/s时,相变产物主要是贝氏体组织;冷却速度在0.06~0.14℃/s之间,相变产物中出现了贝氏体和马氏体的混合组织;当冷速大于0.14℃/s时,相变产物为马氏体组织。4Cr5Mo2V钢与H13钢的CCT曲线相比,位置向右整体偏移,无铁素体+珠光体转变区,且贝氏体生成区变小,相同冷速下硬度明显提高。     

不同状态下冷却速度对NM400耐磨钢组织的影响

以NM400耐磨钢为研究对象,应用Gleeble-1500热模拟机分别研究了静态下和动态下冷却速度对NM400耐磨钢组织的影响。结果表明:在静态下冷速为5℃/s时得到的组织为铁素体+贝氏体,随着冷速的增加贝氏体转变范围增加,当冷速为30～50℃/s时得到的组织为贝氏体+马氏体组织;而动态下冷却速度为0.5～1.0℃/s时组织为多边形铁素体+粒状贝氏体;冷速为5～15℃/s时粒状贝氏体组织转变为板条贝氏体组织,冷却速度在20℃/s以上,组织主要是贝氏体+马氏体。通过动态连续冷却组织的分析,建议直接淬火工艺为:冷却速度应该大于15℃/s以便得到贝氏体组织或者贝氏体和马氏体的混合组织,冷却开始温度应该在800～850℃,而冷却结束温度在400～450℃。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.