中空等离子体通道中强激光脉冲对电子的加速

分析了中空等离子体通道内传播的强激光脉冲电磁场中注入电子的运动,发现当激光脉冲强度超过某个阈值时,电子能获得有效的纵向加速并自动与脉冲分离.所得结果为实验提供了参考和依据.     

等离子体界面附近激光场中电子的运动

分析了在等离子体中两个不同密度区的交界面附近激光场中电子的运动.导出了电子横向动量与纵向动量的相互关系的一般方程.分析发现,介质的非均匀性导致电子运动特性的重要改变.在一定条件下,这种非均匀性有利于注入电子获得加速.     

电子束潘宁阱非中性等离子体中电子聚心约束实验

介绍了电子束潘宁阱非中性等离子体实验。利用具有小正则角动量电子束的注入,在装置中形成了有稠密核心的电子等离子体。当潘宁阱中电磁场匹配是,约束电子的散射最强。注入电子束的束流强度超过一定的阈值时,电子聚心状态才能形成。阈值与潘宁阱电场成正比。     

紧聚焦的飞秒激光脉冲在真空中对电子的加速

研究了紧聚焦的圆偏振飞秒相对论高斯激光脉冲与电子的相互作用，提出了一种激光加速电子的新机制.利用束腰小、强度大的激光脉冲上升沿加速电子，束腰大、强度小的脉冲下降沿减速电子，当光脉冲和电子分离时，电子获得了能量增益.研究发现，初始静止的电子与强度高于10¹⁹Wμm^{2/cm2的光脉冲作用以后，可以获得MeV量级的能量.初始位于焦点附近的电子被加速的效果较好，而远离焦点的电子几乎不能获得能量增益. 关键词： 电子加速 能量增益 高斯脉冲 束腰}     

相对论飞秒激光脉冲在真空中对预加速电子的加速

通过求解电子运动的相对论方程，发现预加速电子在超强超短激光脉冲的作用下可以获得很高的能量增益. 飞秒激光脉冲的上升沿在焦点附近的区域有效加速电子后，电子和光脉冲一起传播一段距离（远大于瑞利长度）后，激光强度变得很弱，从而使脉冲下降沿对电子的减速作用可以忽略不计，因此电子只经历加速过程而没有被减速，当电子和光脉冲分离时，电子获得了很高的能量增益. 当光强为10¹⁹Ｗ／cm² ，电子的初始能量为MeV量级时，电子的能量增益可以达到01GeV. 进一步讨论了电子的能量增益与电子的初始条件与激光脉冲的参数之间的关系. 关键词： 电子加速 飞秒激光脉冲 能量增益     

多光子非线性Compton散射对等离子体中电子运动的影响

应用多光子非线性Compton散射模型,研究了多光子非线性Compton散射对激光等离子体中电子运动的影响,提出了将入射激光和Compton散射光形成的耦合光、耦合光与等离子体产生的自生磁场形成的混合场作为加速电子的新机制,对电子动量和能量方程进行了修正和数值模拟。结果表明,当混合场的电场振幅与磁场振幅相等时,回旋共振电子在与混合场作用时间内能被加速到很高的能量;电子加速能量随耦合光幅值的增大而增大,随电子耦合初始角度的增大而周期变小,随电子横向耦合归一化初始速度的增大,开始时较快增加,之后缓慢增加,最后趋于稳定。     

等离子体界面附近激光场中的电子的运动

分析在等离子的两个不同密度区的交界面附近激光场中电子的运动,导出了电子横向动量与纵向动量的相互关系的一般方程,分析发现,介质的非均匀性导致电子运动特性的重要改变,在一定下,这种非均匀怀有利于注入电子获得加速。     

紧聚焦的超短超强激光脉冲在真空中加速斜入射的相对论电子

研究了紧聚焦的线偏振飞秒超强高斯激光脉冲俘获并剧烈加速斜入射低能相对论电子的效应 ，发现被俘获的电子在激光脉冲纵向有质动力的强大加速作用下，可以获得GeV量级的能量 ，并详细研究了入射电子的初能量、斜入射角、电子与激光脉冲的相对延迟时间和激光脉冲 宽度等条件对电子能量增益的影响，发现当激光脉宽超过10λ时，脉宽对电子能量增益影响 不大. 关键词： 电子加速 有质动力 能量增益 束腰     

激光脉冲能量对激光诱导铝合金等离子体物理特性的影响

为研究激光脉冲能量对激光诱导等离子体辐射特性和膨胀过程的影响,采用ICCD相机对不同激光脉冲能量激发的铝合金等离子体进行快速成像,并利用Boltzmann斜线法和Stark展宽法分析等离子体的电子温度和电子数密度随激光脉冲能量的演化规律.实验结果表明,激光诱导等离子体呈现明显的分层结构,等离子体的激发阈值约为3mJ,等离子体不同区域的面积随激光脉冲能量变化呈现不同的特征.当激光脉冲能量低于10mJ时,等离子体的分层结构不显著.激光脉冲能量从10mJ增加到100mJ过程中,等离子体电子温度从4 980K升高到7 221K,等离子体的电子数密度在1017 cm-3量级并随激光能量增加而增大且趋于饱和.     

激光脉冲宽度对有质动力加速电子的影响

基于真空中单电子运动模型,编程计算得到了高斯激光脉冲与初始位于激光传播轴上电子的相互作用结果。不同激光参鼍条件下,得到了电子的能量增益与激光强度、焦斑大小和脉冲宽度关系。结果表明,高斯激光脉冲焦斑较大时,电子没有明显的能量增益,高斯激光脉冲焦斑太小时,电子也没有明显的能量增益。电子的能量增益有一个最佳焦斑大小。在相同激光强度下,电子能量增益的最佳焦斑大小随脉冲宽度的增大而增大,但最佳焦斑大小与脉冲宽度的比值基本上是不变的。     

The dynamics of a slider-crank mechanism with a Fourier-series based axially periodic array non-homogeneous coupler

In industry, many applications of planar mechanisms such as slider-crank mechanisms have been found in thousands of devices. Typically due to the effect of inertia, these elastic links are subject to axial and transverse periodic forces. Vibrations of these mechanisms are the main source of noise and fatigue that lead to short useful life and failure. Hence, avoiding the occurrence of large amplitude vibration of such systems is of great importance. Recently, the use of specified materials, which are periodically embedded into structures, to satisfy designing requirement has been the subject of many interests. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present analytical and numerical methodologies to study the dynamics of a slider-crank mechanism with an axially periodic array non-homogeneous coupler; the proposed passive system is introduced to reduce the region of parametric resonance of the mechanism. The Fourier-series based approach and Newtonian mechanics are employed in the analysis. An attention is given to the influence produced by the in-homogeneity of materials of the periodic array to the primary region of dynamic instability of the system.Result of present study indicates that under the same operational condition, the commensurability between the natural frequency of the mechanism and the excitation frequency can be weakened by varying the material properties of the periodic array. The in-homogeneity of materials of the periodic array can be treated as a tuning parameter of the natural frequency of the slider-crank mechanism. With proper choice of the material properties and thickness of the embedded laminas of the periodic array, the occurrence of parametric resonance can be suppressed such that the growth of small amplitude vibration into large motion regime is attenuated.     

熔盐生长KTiOPO4晶体的层绵成因与克服方法

本文用光学显微术观察了在多磷酸钾盐熔盐中生长的KTiOPO₄(KTP)晶体的表面形态和内部疵病,并借助扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析得到了横贯层绵结构的体过饱和度变化规律。基于上述结果,阐明了在不适当的生长条件下,由于晶面上熔质分布高度不均匀而形成宏观包藏——层绵的原因与过程。当熔液浓度位于稳定生长所需的临界过饱和度区域内,即各处σ均大于该区的下限(～1.3)时,重复长出了无层绵透明的KTP晶体。 关键词：     

3D homogeneity study in PMMA layers using a Fourier domain OCT system

Micro-metallic particles embedded in polymers are now widely used in several industrial applications in order to modify the mechanical properties of the bulk. A uniform distribution of these particles inside the polymers is highly desired for instance, when a biological backscattering is simulated or a bio-framework is designed. A 3D Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system to detect the polymer's internal homogeneity is proposed. This optical system has a 2D camera sensor array that records a fringe pattern used to reconstruct with a single shot the tomographic image of the sample. The system gathers the full 3D tomographic and optical phase information during a controlled deformation by means of a motion linear stage. This stage avoids the use of expensive tilting stages, which in addition are commonly controlled by piezo drivers. As proof of principle, a series of different deformations were proposed to detect the uniform or non-uniform internal deposition of copper micro particles. The results are presented as images coming from the 3D tomographic micro reconstruction of the samples, and the 3D optical phase information that identifies the in-homogeneity regions within the Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) volume.     

Self-Consistent expansion of a layer of electrons in the field of intrinsic space charge against the background of a neutral gas

The dynamics of self-consistent expansion of an electron layer under the action of the electric force of intrinsic space charge and friction force is investigated. The expansion of the electron layer occurs against the background of a neutral gas, which gives rise to the friction force opposing the motion of electrons. One-dimensional motion of electrons is considered for plane, cylindrical, and spherical symmetries. Exact analytic solutions are obtained to the linear system of hydrodynamic equations of plasma for electrons with a self-consistent electric field.     

横向运动对驻波加速管电子反轰的影响

驻波加速管的电子反轰除和各种纵向运动因素有关外,还和横向运动因素有关。本文分析了横向运动因素对电子反轰的影响,指出由于横向运动,最终作反向运动的电子只有一部分能反轰到电子枪阴极表面,本文给出了计算反轰束流包络、反轰率、反轰电流及反轰功率的方法。     

Effect of the anode-current magnetic field on the motion of electrons in a triode with a virtual cathode

The effect of the anode-current magnetic field on the electron motion in a triode with a virtual cathode is considered. It is shown that the anode-current magnetic field influences the oscillation period and trajectories of electrons. The condition of self-isolation of the electron beam is investigated as a function of the diode parameter. It is shown that the displacement of the beam electrons under the action of the anode-current magnetic field leads to a decrease in the electron phase modulation and an increase in the spread in the electron oscillation amplitude; as a result, the generation efficiency of microwave radiation decreases.     

A theoretical study on effects of electron spin relaxation in pulsed nutation experiments for a quartet state in liquid solution

An effect of spin relaxation on electron spin nutation was analyzed theoretically for a quartet state in liquid solution. Modulation of zero-field interactions by random rotational motion is considered as a source of electron spin relaxation under an assumption of a short correlation time. We solved the quantum mechanical equation of motion under a nutation pulse and calculated a nutation spectrum. The results showed that the nutation frequency was strongly affected by spin relaxation. We discuss dependencies of several parameters, such as a rotational correlation time, a microwave field intensity and frequency, and a zero-field interaction on nutation frequency.     

短波长自由电子激光器电子运动特性研究

短波长自由电子激光器的电子束在摇摆器中的传输通道长而狭窄, 须得电子具有良好的运动特性, 避免在传输过程中产生横向发散. 本文研究短波长自由电子激光器中超相对论电子在磁场具有横向分布的平面摇摆器中的三维运动特性, 用逐次逼近法推导相对论运动方程的解析表达式, 非线性数值计算模拟传输过程, 采用科尔莫 戈罗夫熵 方法分析运动的稳定性. 结果表明: 摇摆器磁场除使电子做周期性摇摆运动外, 还迭加了偏离轴线的横向漂移运动, 在没有外置的磁场聚焦系统情况下, 电子将偏离轴线横向发散; 但是, 恰当选取电子的横向初始速度, 可有效地防止电子运动的横向发散, 即使没有外置的磁场聚焦系统, 也能在长达10 m 的摇摆器中顺利传输, 横向位移范围不超过0.09 mm, 而且其运动是稳定的. 关键词： 短波长自由电子激光器 平面摇摆器 超相对论电子运动 运动稳定性     

质子束团传输过程中的二次电子多级倍增

电子云不稳定性是强流质子加速器稳定运行的一个重大障碍。在电子云积累的过程中,二次电子多级倍增是电子云的主要来源。二次电子多级倍增机制可以用电子的运动和能量增益来分析。为了得到电子云的密度及分布,编写了一个模拟程序用来跟踪电子云的发展演化过程。分析了在质子束团作用下电子的运动,分析二次电子多级倍增的原因,并用模拟程序进行了计算,结果发现电子云与束团的纵向分布密切相关。     

Monte carlo analysis of a free electron laser in a storage ring

This paper contains studies of the operation of a one-dimensional storage ring free-electron laser (FEL) using a Monte Carlo technique to generate the electron energy fluctuations produced by the FEL. The energy and phase equations of motion have been numerically integrated to calculate equilibrium values of: a) electron energy spread, b) electron phase spread (e.g. electron bunch length), and c) efficiency of conversion of electron energy into laser radiation. The operation of the storage ring free-electron laser was studied for five different FEL magnet designs. It is found that a “one-dimensional” storage ring free-electron laser can operate on a steady-state basis only with reduced overall efficiency due to the inability of the system to damp effectively the electron energy fluctuations produced by the FEL. Results of operation of a SRFEL in a pulsed mode are also presented. Work supported by U.S. Army BMD-ATC, under contract number DASG 60-77-C-0083.