孤岛减压渣油及南京焦化渣油热转化反应动力学模型

采用金属浴急速升温加热反应原料和在冷水中对反应残渣油急冷的方法，对孤岛减压渣油和南京焦化渣油在４００～４４０℃条件下的裂解动力学规律进行了试验研究，建立了热转化动力学模型。这种金属浴反应器温度稳定、热容量大、传热速率高，优于电加热法。试验数据为进一步研究管式加热炉工艺计算提供了依据。     

造纸污泥热解试验和化学动力学研究

介绍了在热重天平上对造纸污泥所做的热重分析试验结果.热重分析包括相同温升率下不同终温和不同温升率两部分内容,得到各自的热解规律.根据热重分析结果得到热解反应化学动力学参数和热解残余物的燃烧反应化学动力学参数.研究结果对于掌握造纸污泥的焚烧特性、设计污泥焚烧炉有重要的指导意义.     

煤粉燃烧动力学参数的试验

在研究煤粉动力学参数时,采用的方法主要有以下几种热重分析、DTFS和小型热模试验。采用自制的气固反应动力学试验装置,通过气体成分的连续检测,对几种煤粉的反应动力学过程进行了试验研究,并通过数学计算,确定了煤粉燃烧过程的一些动力学参数,如燃烧速率、颗粒表面温度,反应活化能和指前因子。除无烟煤之外,本文还选择烟煤进行了尝试性试验。所得结果,对工业流化床反应器的设计有一定的指导意义。     

过硫酸钾在织物一浴前处理过程中分解反应动力学的研究

过硫酸钾已较为广泛的应用于织物的前处理过程中.在织物的退/煮/漂一浴前处理过程中加入少量过硫酸钾,不但可以提高处理效果,还能使纤维的强力得到有效的保护.为了更充分了解过硫酸钾在织物退/煮/漂一浴前处理过程中的分解行为,本文对过硫酸钾在该处理过程中的分解动力学进行了研究.研究结果表明,其分解反应为一级反应,并得到了其动力学参数和建立了动力学方程.结合电子顺磁共振波谱(EPR)测定结果,推定出了过硫酸钾的分解反应机理以及分解产物与浆料及纤维作用的机理.     

热导式热量计反应动力学方法

根据热动力学基本理论,推导了适用于几种常见的不可逆反应的热动力学方程,建立了热谱曲线解析一级反应以及二级反应的热动力学方法,该方法进一步拓展了热动力学方法的应用范围.利用本方法研究乙酸乙酯皂化反应和蔗糖水解反应体系,实验结果验证了本方法的准确性.     

含能三唑硝酸盐的热动力学行为及其热抵抗力

利用热重-微商热重法(TG-DTG)对4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑硝酸盐(1a)和1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑硝酸盐(1b)的热行为及其非等温分解动力学进行了研究.结果表明在1a的热分解过程中开环反应和随后的二次分解反应是在较高的温度下几乎同时进行的,而对于1b而言这两类反应是在不同的温度范围分步进行的.通过将model-free法和mode-fitting法相结合,得到1a和1b热分解反应的动力学方程.采取将基本安定性试验评价法与自加速分解温度评价法相结合的方法评估含能三唑硝酸盐的热安全性,解决了原有自加速分解温度评价法试验成本高、危险性大及试验周期长等问题.结果表明,含能三唑硝酸盐的对热抵抗能力与其三唑环结构的对称性有很大的关系.      

平行反应的热动力学研究法(Ⅱ)——平行一级和二级反应

根据热动力学基本理论,导出了平行一级和二级反应的热动力学方程,建立了热谱解析平行的一级和二级反应动力学参数的数学模型,通过对两个模拟平行反应体系的热动力学研究验证了方法的正确性．     

热动力学的研究(Ⅷ)——不等浓度二级反应的热动力学研究法

研究了反应物初始浓度比r等于5的不等浓度二级反应的热动力学.计算了相应的无量纲参数的函数值,讨论了不同r值的应用范围和r值对函数表差的影响等.还用该法对苯甲酸乙酯的皂化反应进行了热动力学研究.     

热动力学研究(Ⅺ)——苄基氯与醋酸钠反应的动力学研究

根据不等浓度二级反应的无量纲参数法,应用热导式自动量热计,研究了苄基氯与醋酸钠在30℃时的反应动力学.测定了反应的速度常数.讨论了溶剂和催化剂对反应速度常数的影响.     

高聚物热分析研究的某些进展

本文综述了热分析技术在研究高聚物耐热性、树脂固化反应、聚合物的结晶与熔融等方面的最新应用。如非等温动力学,尚有争议,但作为一门实验科学,可以说,热分析技术已发展得相当成熟. 就高分子热分析来说.可以研究高聚物的各种转变、反应,测定物性参数,和对转变、反应的动力学分析.现     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with