电热式变模温注塑模具热响应辅助分析程序开发

针对快速变模温注塑成型模具热响应分析复杂问题,对电热式变模温注塑模具热响应作了研究,采用随形加热系统设计方法,将复杂的电热式变模温注塑模具简化为单个加热细胞单元,以电热元件的规格和布局为设计变量,以加热时间和型腔表面温差为热响应指标,结合Matlab图形界面开发模块和ANSYS有限元分析软件,开发了基于加热细胞单元的电热式变模温注塑模具热响应辅助分析程序,并对其准确性做了验证分析。研究结果表明,该辅助分析程序可以较好地预测模具的加热效率和型腔表面温度均匀性,可为电热式变模温注塑模具的设计、分析一体化提供一条快捷和高效的途径。     

Design of U-shape milled groove conformal cooling channels for plastic injection mold

Besides the solid free-form fabrication technology, milling operation is an alternative applicable method to make complex cooling channels conform to the surface of the mold cavity. This paper presents the U-shape milled groove conformal cooling channels and proposes the design optimization process in order to obtain an optimal cooling channels’ configuration and target mold temperature. The relation between the cycle averaged thermal behavior of the mold cavity and the two-dimensional configuration of cooling channels was first investigated thoroughly by an analytical method. Design of experiment and 2D simulation were done to obtain the mold wall temperature and to check the feasibility of the analytical method. The optimization process of the free-form conformal cooling channels is based on the combination of both analytical method and 3D CAE simulation. The analytical step relies on explicit mathematic formulas, so it can approach the neighboring optimal solution quickly. Subsequently, the three-dimensional heat transfer simulation is applied to fine-tune the optimization results. A case study for a plastic car fender was investigated to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that conformal cooling channel gives a uniform cooling, reducing the cooling time and increasing the molded part’s quality with less effort of plastic designers and high computational efficiency.     

Verification and evaluation of automatically designed cooling channels for block-laminated molds

This study discusses an automatic design method of injection mold cooling channels using a genetic algorithms (GA) and a finite element method (FEM), combined with an evaluation function based on unsteady-state heat transfer and linear static deformation. The uniformity of cooling and the deformation effect were observed in the injection mold with the automatically designed cooling channel through a verification experiment. The genetic algorithm was applied in the following steps: the generation of finite elements of individuals expressing different cooling channel shapes, the definition of the fitness function to evaluate individuals, the genetic operation for individuals, and the automatic generation of the cooling channel shape. Finally, based on a molding experiment, the cooling and deformation effects were investigated. Results of resin cooling uniformity, temperature distribution of molding parts, and deformation of mold were demonstrated.     

Integrated numerical analysis to evaluate replication characteristics of micro channels in a locally heated mold by selective induction

High-frequency induction heating is an efficient way to heat mold surfaces by electromagnetic induction using a non-contact procedure. Due to its ability to rapidly heat and cool mold surfaces, this method has been applied recently to the injection molding of micro/nano structures. The present study investigates a localized heating method involving the selective use of mold materials to enhance the heating efficiency of high-frequency induction heating. A composite injection mold consisting of ferromagnetic material and paramagnetic material was used for localized induction heating. The feasibility of this localized heating method was investigated through numerical analyses in terms of its heating efficiency for localized mold surfaces and the resulting flow characteristics in micro channels. To take into account the effects of thermal boundary conditions of localized induction heating, a fully integrated numerical analysis effectively connecting electromagnetic field calculation, heat transfer analysis, and injection molding simulation was carried out. The proposed integrated simulation was applied to the injection molding of a rectangular strip containing micro channels, and the resulting mold heating capacity and replication characteristics of the micro channels were compared with experimental findings in order to verify the validity of the proposed simulation.     

基于温度场的层压机电加热板优化设计

针对目前太阳能层压机中电加热板存在表面温度分布均匀性差的问题,首先,在基于传热学理论的基础上,对电加热板结构布局进行合理简化,建立其温度分布数学模型;然后,以电加热板面最大温差为优化目标,通过MATLAB优化工具箱对数学模型求解,得到电加热板的结构优化参数;最后,在ANSYSWorkbench中,对优化后结构的温度分布进行模拟仿真。本文所研究的解决问题的思路为电加热板的结构设计奠定了理论基础,也为改善电加热板温度分布的均匀性提供了参考依据。     

Research on thermal stress, deformation, and fatigue lifetime of the rapid heating cycle injection mold

Rapid heating cycle molding (RHCM) is a novel plastic injection molding process. It can be used effectively to prevent many defects of products produced in conventional injection molding process. In this paper, the panel of large-size liquid crystal display TV was taken as an example. Thermal, deformation, and fatigue analysis models for RHCM injection mold were established. Firstly, by analyzing the heat transfer process of the RHCM mold, the temperature distributions on the mold cavity surface were studied. Secondly, through numerical simulation, the tendency of the stress and deformation of the RHCM mold was obtained. It showed that the fixing mode between the stationary mold insert and the stationary mold plate had a great influence on the thermal stress and deformation of the mold. As a result, a new fixing mode for the stationary mold insert was proposed which could effectively decrease the deformation caused by the temperature changing. Lastly, the lifetime of the mold under different fixing modes was evaluated, and reasonable suggestions which could improve the lifetime of RHCM mold were also proposed. Application in engineering proved that it was a very effective way to improve the lifetime of RHCM mold by using the suggested fixing mode.     

[成形过程仿真优化与集成计算材料工程]限定加热管布局的快速热循环注塑成形模具电加热系统优化

针对管道布局、最大允许能耗给定条件下快速热循环注塑成形（RHCM）注塑模具型腔表面快速均匀加热的问题,提出以单根加热棒热流密度为设计变量,以模具型腔表面升温效率和温度分布均匀性为目标,结合有限元模拟、响应面设计以及多目标粒子群优化技术来优化RHCM模具电加热系统。与优化前相比,加热系统优化后,模具型腔表面最大温差降低63.4%,加热系统总能耗降低9%。对比了不同注塑成形工艺条件下成形的平板塑件表面质量,结果表明,相对传统注塑成形（CIM）工艺,RHCM工艺将制品表面粗糙度Ra从320 nm降低到118 nm,并有效抑制了制品表面熔接痕、缩痕等缺陷;发现制品表面粗糙度与型腔表面对应点温度成负相关,说明优化后的型腔表面温度分布更有利于提升制品表面质量。     

Three-dimensional numerical modeling of an induction heated injection molding tool with flow visualization

Using elevated mold temperature is known to have a positive influence of final injection molded parts. Induction heating is a method that allow obtaining a rapid thermal cycle, so the overall molding cycle time is not increased. In the present research work, an integrated multi-turn induction heating coil has been developed and assembled into an injection molding tool provided with a glass window, so the effect of induction heating can directly be captured by a high speed camera. In addition, thermocouples and pressure sensors are also installed, and together with the high speed videos, comparison of the induction heating and filling of the cavity is compared and validated with simulations. Two polymer materials ABS and HVPC were utilized during the injection molding experiments carried out in this work. A nonlinear electromagnetic model was employed to establish an effective linear magnetic permeability. The three-dimensional transient thermal field of the mold cavity was then calculated and compared with the experiments. This thermal field was transferred to an injection molding flow solver to compare simulations and experimental results from the high speed video, both with and without the effect of induction heating. A rapid thermal cycle was proved to be feasible in a mold with an integrated induction coil. Furthermore, it was shown that the process can be modeled with good accuracy, both in terms of the thermal field and of the flow pattern.     

注射模具调温系统设计

模具温度(模温)指模具型腔和型芯的表面温度。不论是热塑性塑料还是热固性塑料成型,模具温度对塑料熔体的充模流动、固化定型、生产率及塑件的形状和尺寸精度都有重要的影响。主要介绍一防护罩制件注射模具调温系统设计方法,通过有效的对模具温度进行调节,对模具进行冷却或加热,必要时两者兼有,从而达到控制模温的目的。     

Optimization of conformal cooling channels with array of baffles for plastic injection mold

Cooling system has an important role in the injection molding process in terms of not only productivity and quality, but also mold-making cost. In this paper, a conformal cooling channel with an array of baffles is proposed for obtaining uniform cooling over the entire free-form surface of molded parts. A new algorithm for calculating temperature distribution through molding thickness, mold surface temperature and cooling time was presented. The relation among cooling channels’ configuration, process parameters, mold material, molding thickness and temperature distribution in the mold for a given polymer is expressed by a system of approximate equations. This relation was established by the design of experiment and response surface methodology based on an adequate physical-mathematical model, finite difference method and numerical simulation. By applying this approximate mathematical relation, the optimization process for obtaining target mold temperature, uniform temperature distribution and minimizing the cooling time becomes more effective. Two case studies were carried out to test and validate the proposed method. The results show that present approach improves the cooling performance and facilitates the mold design process in comparison to the trial-and-error simulation-based method.     

热压罐成型框架式模具温度场分析

模具成型型面的温度均匀性对复合材料制件的成型精度具有重要影响。某大尺寸高平面度复合材料蜂窝夹层板构件利用热压罐工艺成型,模具为大型框架结构模具。文中采用有限元数值模拟方法,利用Simcenter12.0 软件对该大型框架结构模具热压罐成型工艺过程的温度场特性进行了模拟分析,模拟值与试验值误差小于10%,证明了模拟方法的准确性。模拟结果表明：成型固化工艺参数设置合理,模具型面温度均匀性较好,金属边框对模具的整体温度场影响较大;模具在热压罐内的位置在所设定的2.1 m 范围内沿长度方向移动对模具温度场的影响可以忽略。     

层次脉状结构液冷均温板优化设计研究

由于耐热型植物具有良好的传热传质能力,结合流道拓扑优化设计和耐热型植物高级脉序的叶脉结构特征,提出一种层次脉状结构液冷均温板的设计方法。以热交换最大和流阻最小为目标开展主流道拓扑优化设计,提取胡杨叶高级脉序的结构特征,形成液冷均温板的次流道。定义结构像素密度作为描述次流道中孔的密度参数,分析其对层次脉状结构液冷均温板的传热传质性能的影响。研究结果表明,层次脉状结构的液冷流道具有较小的流阻和良好的均温性,同时主、次流道尺寸存在最优匹配。进一步研究胡杨叶脉的分布规律,发现液冷板主、次流道尺寸最优匹配规律与胡杨叶低、高级脉序尺寸匹配规律相近。研究结果不仅为液冷均温板的设计提供新思路,而且验证了耐热植物叶脉结构特征对其传热传质性能产生的正面影响。最后加工液冷板,通过试验验证了设计方法的有效性及数值模拟的准确性。     

高光注塑模具热疲劳机理及其数值模拟分析

由于高光注塑模具结构和工艺的特殊性,模具型腔板在工作过程中会由于加热和冷却的交替变化受到较大的热应力和产生较大的变形,进而加快模具的疲劳开裂。本文以液晶平板电视机面板高光注塑模具为例,分析了该模具产生的热变形和热疲劳机理,获得了高光注塑模具型腔板加热阶段的热变形情况。本文的研究结果对优化高光模具结构,提高高光模具的使用寿命具有一定的指导意义。     

高温快速成形工艺对制品复原性影响试验研究

以自主开发的车用蓝牙高光模具和温控辅助装备为基础，利用高温快速成形工艺对制品型腔复原性的影响进行试验研究。结果表明：高温快速成形与普通成形主要区别在于当模温升高至塑料热变形温度附近时，制品复制率明显提高，在低于或超出塑料热变形温度区域，模温变化影响甚微，而其他参数的影响与普通成形类似；各参数对浇道凝料的影响与普通成形区别不大，且浇道凝料对模温的变化并不敏感，故可通过提高模温在不增加废料的前提下提高制品复制率。     

基于Moldflow的魔方中心轴注射分析与优化设计

应用Moldflow软件对魔方中心轴的注射成型过程进行浇口位置、充填、冷却和翘曲等模拟分析。通过在不同注射工艺条件下进行对比分析,确定了注射的最佳工艺参数:充填时间为2 s,注射+冷却时间为8 s,模具温度为40℃,熔体温度为240℃,注射压力为100 MPa。应用UG软件建立了注射模具的实体模型,解决了传统注射模具设计方法存在设计周期长、成本高且质量难以保证等问题。     

Optimization of injection molding process parameters using integrated artificial neural network model and expected improvement function method

In this study, an adaptive optimization method based on artificial neural network model is proposed to optimize the injection molding process. The optimization process aims at minimizing the warpage of the injection molding parts in which process parameters are design variables. Moldflow Plastic Insight software is used to analyze the warpage of the injection molding parts. The mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time, packing pressure, packing time, and cooling time are regarded as process parameters. A combination of artificial neural network and design of experiment (DOE) method is used to build an approximate function relationship between warpage and the process parameters, replacing the expensive simulation analysis in the optimization iterations. The adaptive process is implemented by expected improvement which is an infilling sampling criterion. Although the DOE size is small, this criterion can balance local and global search and tend to the global optimal solution. As examples, a cellular phone cover and a scanner are investigated. The results show that the proposed adaptive optimization method can effectively reduce the warpage of the injection molding parts.     

Eliminating weldlines of an injection-molded part with the aid of high-frequency induction heating

High-frequency induction is an efficient way to heat mold surface by non-contact electromagnetic induction. It has been recently applied to injection molding because of its capability to heat and cool mold surface rapidly. This study applies high-frequency induction heating to eliminate weldlines in an injection-molded plastic part. To eliminate or reduce weldlines, the mold temperature at the corresponding weld locations should be maintained higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin material. Through 3 s of induction heating, the maximum temperature of 143 °C is obtained on the mold surface around the elliptic coil, while the temperature of the mold plate is lower than 60 °C. An injection molding experiment is then performed with the aid of induction heating, and the effect of induction heating conditions on the surface appearance of the weldline is investigated. The weldline on the heated region is almost eliminated, from which we can obtain the good surface appearance of the part.     

红外菲涅尔透镜的注射超声辅助成型优化

为了提升聚合物红外菲涅尔透镜的光学性能,以其表面微沟槽的成型质量为目标,提出了一种高效的注射超声辅助成型方法,并对工艺参数进行了综合质量优化。首先分析了超声振动对聚合物的加热和加压效应,设计了一套一模两腔的对比试验模具;接着以红外菲涅尔透镜的调制传递函数MTF和齿形平均高度h为优化质量目标,设计了四步骤的多目标优化流程,通过试验设计、基于BP神经网络的质量目标与注射工艺参数关系建模、基于NSGA-Ⅱ的多目标优化和试验验证进行工艺参数的综合优化。实验结果表明:该多目标优化流程具有很高的精度,MTF和h的平均预测误差MPE分别为4.16%和3.32%;注射超声辅助成型的菲涅尔透镜微沟槽具有更高的复制质量,其齿沟槽平均高度h增加了15.6%,且h值的波动量随着h值的增大而增大,MTF值受齿高h均匀性的影响大于齿高h对其的影响。     

注塑件特征建模及塑件智能尺寸换算

探采用基于特性和知识相结合的技术，建立注塑件产品模型，实现注塑件尺寸到成形零部件尺寸的智能转换，为建立注塑模型腔型芯模型打下基础，并以ＵＧＩＩＶ９．０为支撑软件，用其Ｍａｃｒｏ及二次开发语言Ｇｒｉｐ实现。     

多型腔注射模充填不平衡试验

多型腔注射模在实际生产中有着广泛应用,充填平衡是保证多型腔模塑制品质量均匀一致的关键。自然平衡流道中也会发生充填不平衡现象,其原因可能是熔体流动产生的剪切热所致,但一直没有试验结果予以证明。基于此,利用可视化注射模具和红外温度传感器,通过直接观测熔体在流道和型腔中的动态流动行为并测量型腔入口处熔体的温度变化,对不同注射速率下不同材料在自然平衡多型腔注射模的充填不平衡进行研究。结果表明,由于剪切热的作用,主流道中不均匀但对称的熔体温度分布在分流道中失去对称性是产生充填不平衡的根本原因;充填不平衡程度不但取决于主流道中熔体的温度分布,还取决于分流道中凝固层的分布及熔体粘度对温度变化的敏感性。解决自然平衡多型腔注射模充填不平衡问题的根本,在于改善或消除分流道中熔体温度分布在流动平面的不对称性。