RPdAl(R=Gd-Er)的磁性和磁热效应

低温退火的LTM-RPdAl和高温退火的HTM-RPdAl分别具有正交TiNiSi型和六角ZrNiAl型结构.综述了磁场和温度变化对LTM-RPdAl和HTM-RPdAl化合物磁性和磁热效应的影响.实验结果表明,LTM-RPdAl化合物均是反铁磁性的,当R=Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er时,奈尔温度TN分别为31,45,21,10和10 K.对于HTM-RPdA1化合物,当R=Tb,Ho,Er时是反铁磁性的,TN分别为43,12和5K,而当R=Gd,Dy时是铁磁性的,其居里温度分别为Tc=49,25 K.反铁磁RPdAl化合物均呈现磁场诱导的反铁磁-铁磁变磁转变.对HTM-RPdAl(R=Ho,Er)化合物,由于弱的反铁磁耦合,在低磁场下呈现出高的饱和磁化强度,从而产生大的磁热效应,在0～5 T磁场变化下的最大磁熵变值和制冷能力分别高达20.6,24.3 J/kg·K和386,299 J/kg,是优异的低温磁制冷材料.     

TmNiIn化合物的磁性和磁致热效应

利用电弧熔炼技术得到TmNiIn稀土金属间化合物,研究其磁性和磁热效应。研究表明TmNiIn金属间化合物的晶体结构是ZrNiAl型的六方密堆积结构,是一种具有可逆磁热效应的材料。TmNiIn是反铁磁材料,其相变温度为3.5K,在液氦温度(4.2K)附近。根据等温磁化曲线并利用麦克斯韦关系式计算可以得到磁熵变与温度的关系。当磁场变化为5T时,最大磁熵变和制冷能力分别为12.1J/kg·K和138J/kg。当磁场变化为2T时,最大磁熵变5.3J/kg·K,同时在TmNiIn金属间化合物中未观察到热滞现象和磁滞损耗。大的可逆磁致热效应表明TmNiIn是一种在低温磁制冷技术中有应用前景的材料。     

Fe掺杂多晶样品DyMn1-xFexO3的磁热效应和电性

采用传统的固相反应法制备DyMn_(1-x)Fe_xO_3多晶样品,通过测量了样品的磁化强度与温度的变化关系曲线(M-T)、磁化强度与温度的变化关系曲线(M-H)和电阻率与温度的变化曲线(ρ-T),对各组分下样品的磁性和电性进行了研究。研究结果表明,在低温区x=0和x=0.025样品表现为反铁磁态,而x=0.075样品在低温区ZFC曲线与FC曲线出现分叉,表现为铁磁反铁磁共存。分别在57,137和157 K以下观察到类Griffiths相,T_G温度以上样品都表现为顺磁特性。在外加磁场为7 T时磁熵变达到最大值,最大值分别为10,12,9 J/(kg·K)。最大制冷能力为320 J/kg(x=0.025)。综合磁熵变最大值及制冷能力数值来看,该材料可以作为磁制冷候选材料。通过对ρ-T曲线及ρ-T曲线的拟合曲线研究发现,系列样品均为半导体且加磁场后的电阻率高于零场下的电阻率,说明在低温处磁场有不利于电传导。系列样品在高温部分的导电方式均遵循小极化子的导电方式。     

La_(1-x)Pr_xFe_(11.206)Al_(1.794)(x=0、0.1、0.2、0.3)化合物的磁热效应研究

对La1-xPrx(Fe0.862Al0.138)13(x=0、0.1、0.2、0.3)化合物的磁性能进行了研究。该系列化合物在1223K下退火15天后,室温下表现为NaZn13型结构。升温过程中,该系列化合物经历从铁磁态到反铁磁态的一级磁性转变。随着Pr含量的逐渐增多,磁性转变温度逐渐升高,铁磁态下化合物的磁化强度增大。在2T外磁场下,La0.8Pr0.2Fe11.206Al1.794化合物升温过程中的最大磁熵变为-4.21J/kg·K,降温过程中的最大磁熵变为-4.39J/kg·K。     

铈元素的添加对金属间化合物La0.8Ce0.2Fe13-xSix（x=1.6，1.4，1.2）的晶体结构、巡游电子转变特性和等温磁熵变的影响

定性地说明了在金属间化合物La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.4Si1.6中用少量Ce代替La，可以增加合金体系ac/b^2的值和临界磁场Bc（T），降低合金体系顺磁态和铁磁态间的能垒，增强IEMT特性，并使该化合物在居里温度处低磁场下的磁化系数发生了剧烈的变化。上述原因使化合物La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.4Si1.6在居里温度附近获得了巨大的等温磁熵变。此化合物在1T的低磁场下居里温度Tc～186K附近的最大等温磁熵变为74．79J（kg·K）。     

Gd2Co2Al合金的磁相变及磁热效应

电弧炉熔炼的Gd2Co2Al合金在铸态条件下即为W2Co2B型单相正交结构。变温磁化曲线表明,当外加磁场为0.01和0.1T时,可以在40、77和215K附近观察到磁相变;而外加磁场增加到1T以上时,40和215K温度处的磁相变消失。在排除第二相相变的前提下,推测215和77K处的相变对应Gd2Co2Al合金中Co和Gd次晶格的磁有序相变,而40K处的相变可能是由于自旋重取向产生。在0～5T磁场变化下,Gd2Co2Al合金在77K附近的最大磁熵变(-ΔSMmax)为10.7J/kgK,相对制冷量的值为5.4×102J/kg,表明该合金适合作为工作在液氮温区附近的磁致冷工质。     

Ce掺杂钙钛矿氧化物Gd2 NiMnO6的磁性与磁热效应

采用传统高温固相反应法制备了钙钛矿氧化物Gd_((2-x))Ce_xNiMnO_6(x=0,0.1)多晶样品。两样品均呈现良好的单相性;TT_G样品为纯顺磁态,T_CTT_G为顺磁-铁磁共存态,在此温区两样品出现类Griffiths相,在较低温区(TT_N)铁磁-反铁磁相互竞争,出现自旋团簇玻璃行为;两样品在外加磁场为7 T时出现最大磁熵变值ΔS_M,分别为-4.248,-3.850 J/(kg·K);计算可得它们的磁制冷效率(RCP)分别为301.60,265.60 J/kg,Gd_2NiMnO_6比Gd_(1.9)Ce_(0.1)NiMnO_6更具备作为高温区磁制冷材料的潜能;通过对Arrott曲线、重标定曲线以及Loop曲线的分析可知两样品的铁磁-顺磁转变均为二级相变。     

LaFe_(11.4)Si_(1.6)B_y系列化合物的磁性和磁熵变

LaFe11.4Si1.6By(y=0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4和0.5)系列化合物,通过添加少量的B后,可以明显的缩短退火时间。晶格常数随着B含量的增加先减小后增大。该系列化合物的热滞很小,B的添加对其热滞几乎没有影响。在外加磁场变化为0～1.5T时,等温磁熵变的最大值从19.1J/(kg.K)(y=0)逐渐下降到7.1J/(kg.K)(y=0.5)。该系列化合物在B含量较低时,处于居里温度(Tc)之上,存在比较明显的场致变磁转变特性。随着B含量增加到0.5时,场致变磁转变特性明显减弱。     

铜模铸造法制备Mn_(1.15)Fe_(0.85)P_(0.55)Si_(0.45)化合物及其磁相变研究

采用铜模铸造法制备了Mn1.15Fe0.85P0.55Si0.45化合物,并对其物相结构、显微组织及磁热效应进行了研究。结果表明,化合物具有六角Mn5.64P3型主相和少量Mn3Fe2Si3杂相;化合物的居里温度为305 K,热滞为13.5 K;在0~2 T外磁场下的最大等温磁熵变为12.2 J/(kg·K),远远高于纯Gd。同时为了探索大磁熵变的来源,采用Landau相变理论和"普适曲线"方法研究了该化合物的磁相变特性,Arrott曲线分析表明,该化合物在居里温度附近发生了明显的一级相变,而"普适曲线"理论分析表明,该化合物的磁相变介于一级和二级之间。     

La_(0.64)Ca_(0.28)Sr_(0.02)MnO_3材料的磁热性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了空位掺杂的La0.64Ca0.28Sr0.02MnO3材料样品,从结构,磁化曲线,磁相变等方面研究分析其具有大磁熵变的原因。在外加磁场1 T时,该样品磁熵变|ΔSM|达到3.01 J/(kg.K),居里温度TC为264 K。该样品低磁场下在室温附近有较强的制冷力,可作为良好的室温磁制冷材料。     

Changes in the real structure and magnetoresistance of Co90Fe10/Cu and Co90Fe10/Cu85Ag10Au5 multilayers after annealing

Annealing of the (1.1 nm Co₉₀Fe₁₀/2.2 nm Cu)×20 and (1.1 nm Co₉₀Fe₁₀/2.2 nm Cu₈₅Ag₁₀Au₅)×20 multilayers at 235 °C improved their magnetoresistance as compared to the virgin samples. Annealing at higher temperatures resulted in degradation of the magnetoresistance effect. This observation raised the motivation of a detailed structural study using small-angle X-ray scattering, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy with the aim to link the structural changes in the system to the changes in the magnetoresistance. The structure studies have shown that the maximum of the magnetoresistance observed after annealing at 235 °C is related to the separation of Co₉₀Fe₁₀ and Cu, which are partly intermixed at interfaces after the deposition process. The decay of the GMR effect at higher annealing temperatures is caused by an increase of the interface roughness, which led in the Co₉₀Fe₁₀/Cu multilayers to occurrence of non-continuous interfaces and to short-circuiting of magnetic layers. In the Cu₈₅Ag₁₀Au₅ multilayers, the combination of small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction has shown that Cu₈₅Ag₁₀Au₅ did not form an alloy with the nominal composition: Only a part of Au and Ag was dissolved in the copper structure; the remainder of Ag and Au formed precipitates.     

Tb掺杂双钙钛矿氧化物Pr2CoMnO6的磁热效应

采用高温固相反应法制备双钙钛矿氧化物Pr_(2-x)Tb_xCoMnO₆(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15)系列陶瓷样品,研究了Tb的掺杂量对Pr₂CoMnO₆样品的居里温度、磁熵变以及磁相变的影响。结果表明:系列样品Pr_(2-x)Tb_xCoMnO₆(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15)的空间点群为单斜晶系P2₁/n,具有良好的单相性;该组样品均有两个磁转变点(T_C1和T_C2);随着Tb掺杂量的增加T_C1和T_C2均降低下降;在测量温区内,随着温度的降低4个样品均先后经历顺磁态、顺磁-铁磁共存态;该组样品在7 T外加磁场中的最大磁熵变值ΔS_M分别为-1.862、-1.779、-1.768和-1.766 J/(kg·K)。掺杂Tb元素使最大磁熵变值变小,但是拓宽了半高宽温区。结合RCP值可以判断,Pr_1.9Tb_0.1CoMnO₆比其他三个样品更具有作为高温区磁制冷材料的潜能;根据对Arrott曲线、重标定曲线以及Loop曲线的分析,该组样品在此阶段经历了一级相变。     

Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with CoFe/Pd Multilayer Electrodes and an MgO Barrier

We studied the magnetic and magnetoresistance characteristics of pseudospin-valve magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) based on CoFe/Pd multilayer electrodes with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and an MgO barrier. The MTJs at annealing temperature (T _a) of 473 K showed a tunnel-magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 1.5%. An fcc (111)-oriented texture of the bottom and top Co₉₀Fe₁₀/Pd multilayer electrodes, together with an imperfectly crystallized MgO, were revealed by cross-sectional TEM images. The TMR properties of perpendicular MTJs with a Co₂₀Fe₆₀B₂₀ or Co₅₀Fe₅₀ layer inserted between the CoFe/Pd multilayer electrodes and the MgO barrier were also studied. The TMR ratio with Co₂₀Fe₆₀B₂₀ insertion was 1.7% at T _a= 473 K and monotonically decreased at T _a over 523 K. The TMR ratio with Co₅₀Fe₅₀ insertion increased up to 3% at T _a= 573 K and then decreased to 0.4% at T _a= 598 K. The influence of the Pd layer on CoFeB was studied by using the simplified structures of Pd/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB/Pd and Ta/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB/Ta with inplane anisotropy. A former structure with Pd resulted in reduced TMR ratio which decreases with increasing T _a, whereas MTJs with a Ta-based structure showed a monotonic increase of a TMR ratio. The low TMR ratio observed in Pd-containing structures appears to result from crystallization of CoFeB in an unfavorable crystal orientation.     

La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)O3钙钛矿高熵陶瓷粉体的制备及其电学性能

采用共沉淀法结合煅烧工艺制备La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃钙钛矿结构高熵陶瓷粉体, 显著降低了材料的合成温度。采用不同手段对其进行物相及形貌表征, 研究结果表明, 当煅烧温度为800 ℃时, 样品已经形成钙钛矿结构, 但有少量第二相; 当煅烧温度为1000 ℃时, La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃陶瓷粉体形成了纯钙钛矿结构。以La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃为电极材料制成工作电极, 采用三电极体系对工作电极进行电学性能测试, 包括循环伏安(CV)及恒流充放电(GCD)测试, 结果显示该电极材料在1 A/g电流密度下具有154.8 F/g的比容量;当电流密度增大到10 A/g时, 该电极材料仍然能保持初始比容量的47%(73 F/g), 说明La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵陶瓷具有较好的倍率性能。     

Magnetism and Magnetocaloric Properties of Mn3Zn1-xSnxC and Mn3-xCrxZnC Compounds

Upon substitution of Sn for Zn,the Curie temperature of Mn 3 ZnC is lowered from 380 to 375 K for Mn 3 Zn 0.95 Sn 0.05 C and to 305 K for Mn 3 Zn 0.75 Sn 0.25 C.In accordance with the second-order ferromagneticparamagnetic transition,a room-temperature magnetocaloric effect without thermal and magnetic hysteresis is observed over a wide temperature range.The maximum value of the magnetic-entropy change S M for a magnetic-field change from 0 to 5 T is 2.42 J.kg 1.K 1 at 386 K for Mn 3 Zn 0.95 Sn 0.05 C and 1.70 J.kg 1.K 1 at 308 K for Mn 3 Zn 0.75 Sn 0.25 C.Meanwhile,substitution of Cr for Mn lowers the temperature of ferromagneticferrimagnetic transition from 233 K for Mn 3 ZnC to 230 K for Mn 2.9 Cr 0.1 ZnC and to 175 K for Mn 2.1 Cr 0.9 ZnC.An inverse magnetocaloric effect with S M equal to 0.28 J.kg 1.K 1 at 223 K for a field change from 0 to 1.47 T is observed for Mn 2.9 Cr 0.1 ZnC.     

Magnetic transitions and magnetocaloric effects in Fe0.75Mn1.35As

In Fe_0.75Mn_1.35As compound, a metamagnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic phase to a ferrimagnetic phase can be induced above its phase transition temperature T _s = 165 K by an external magnetic field, which leads to large magnetocaloric effects around T _s. The sign of the magnetic entropy change ΔS _M in the Fe_0.75Mn_1.35As compound is negative, not as expected as an inverse magnetocaloric effect, and the maximum value of ΔS _M is 4.2 J/kg K at 167.5 K for a magnetic field change of 5 T. Although it induces an irreversible lattice expansion, the cycling of a magnetic field does not induce an irreversible change in the magnetic transitions and magnetocaloric behaviors. The antiferromagnetism-related metamagnetic transitions with a large magnetic entropy change may provide with an opportunity in searching novel materials for magnetic refrigeration.     

Tb1-xDyxFe2-y-BaTi0.99Mn0.01O3+δ层状复合材料的低频磁电耦合

利用弹性力学模型,推导了低频下磁致伸缩-压电双层复合材料中磁电电压系数的表达式,计算了Tb_1-x Dy_x-Fe_2-y-BaTiO₃层状复合材料中的横向磁电耦合。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备1.0%（摩尔分数）Mn掺杂BaTiO₃（BaTi_0.99Mn_0.01O_3+δ）压电陶瓷片。将Mn掺杂BaTiO₃与Tb_1-xDy_xFe_2-y 胶合制成双层和三层复合材料,研究了复合材料在低频下的横向磁电效应。XRD和DSC分析结果表明,室温下Mn掺杂BaTiO₃保持了其四方钙钛矿结构,降低了BaTiO₃的居里点和相变潜热。在约33 kA/m偏置磁场下,Tb_1-xDy_xFe_2-y-BaTi_0.99Mn_0.01O_3+δ 和Tb_1-xDy_xFe_2-y-BaTi_0.99Mn_0.01O_3+δ-Tb_1-xDy_xFe_2-y 的横向磁电耦合峰值分别为529.4 mV/A和1659.5 mV/A,分别是Tb_1-xDy_xFe_2-y-BaTiO₃和Tb_1-xDy_xFe_2-y-BaTiO₃-Tb_1-xDy_xFe_2-y 的1.48和1.45倍。三层复合材料的横向磁电电压系数约是同类双层的3倍多。     

Magnetic properties of NiSb2O4

The magnetic transition of the antimony oxide NiSb₂O₄ has been studied using heat capacity measurements and magnetic susceptibility data. The Néel temperature previously evaluated from neutron diffraction is confirmed: T_N = 45 ± 1 K. The entropy excess ΔS(20 – 60 K) associated with the transition is calculated and compared with the theoretical value. The susceptibility data are interpreted in terms of a Curie-Weiss law (θ_p = − 98K, M_eff = 3.98 μ_ß). Exchange integrals are evaluated.     

Magnetic ordering in Zn substitutedCo1.4Ge0.4Fe1.2O4 spinelsystem

A systematic study of the Co_1.4Ge_0.4Fe_1.2O₄ system by X-ray, magnetization, and AC-susceptibility techniques is presented. The present system exhibits para-ferri-cluster spin glass transition for x⩽0.2, while x⩾0.3 it exhibits only a cluster spin glass transition. The AC susceptibility and DC magnetization data support the cluster spin glass ordering in the system. The system exhibits local spin canting behavior