活性炭负载壳聚糖的制备及其对糖汁清净性能研究

利用壳聚糖的澄清性能和活性炭的多孔吸附性能,通过浸渍法制备了活性炭负载壳聚糖吸附剂,用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对此吸附剂进行形貌和晶相表征,并进行了糖汁吸附脱色实验研究。结果表明,相比单一的活性炭,其脱色率提高了10.1%。当此吸附剂用量为0.4%(质量分数),吸附p H为6.0、吸附温度为80℃、吸附时间为60 min时,对糖汁的脱色率与0.5%(质量分数)活性炭的脱色率基本一致,说明活性炭负载壳聚糖更有利于对糖汁清净脱色。     

玉米芯吸附处理工业废水中染料的方法研究

以玉米芯为原料制备活性炭吸附剂,研究其对次甲基蓝、碱性品红、甲基橙三种染料废水的吸附性能。考察了温度、吸附剂量、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,在吸附剂量为1g,吸附时间在5h左右,温度为70℃时玉米芯吸附剂对三种染料达到最佳吸附效果。吸附率与时间的吸附动力学方程说明吸附过程有很好的线性关系。玉米芯活性炭作为染料废水吸附剂具有很好的开发应用前景。     

油脂中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的吸附脱除研究

采用10种不同的吸附剂对冷榨茶籽油中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂进行吸附脱除,考察了吸附剂种类、吸附剂用量、吸附温度及吸附时间对受试油样中5种塑化剂组分脱除效果的影响。结果表明:在吸附温度110℃、吸附时间30 min、吸附剂用量为油重的2%时,H-2型活性炭的脱除效果较好,其次为55F-A型活性炭、55JN-C型活性炭、凹凸棒土和活性白土。采用H-2型活性炭用量为2.0%、吸附温度130℃、吸附时间50 min的优化条件,DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP及DEHP的脱除率分别为76.7%、50.7%、52.4%、22.2%、6.1%。吸附法对茶籽油中DMP、DEP、DIBP的脱除效果较好,但对较大分子量塑化剂组分DBP和DEHP的脱除效果较差。     

吸附剂对啤酒中嘌呤类物质吸附的研究

建立了几种吸附剂对啤酒中嘌呤类物质吸附的方法.研究这几种吸附剂对嘌呤类物质的吸附率,研究活性炭和壳聚糖的颗粒度、吸附时间、吸附温度、添加量、溶液pH值对吸附率的影响,在优化的吸附条件下对啤酒酒样进行吸附,活性炭和壳聚糖对啤酒中的嘌呤类物质的总吸附率分别为68.2%和42.8%.     

巴旦木壳活性炭的制备及吸附性能

以巴旦木壳为原料,ZnCl2为活化剂,在马弗炉中600℃烧制50 min制备了巴旦木壳活性炭。探讨了活化剂、吸附温度、吸附时间、染料初始质量浓度及吸附剂用量对孔雀石绿(MG)吸附性能的影响。结果表明,巴旦木壳活性炭吸附效果优于未加入活化剂制备的活性炭。巴旦木壳活性炭对孔雀石绿的吸附为吸热过程,且吸附过程符合Langmuir等温方程(R2=0.978 23),准二级动力学方程(R2=0.986 89)。经正交实验极差和方差分析可知,最佳吸附效果影响因素组合为:染料质量浓度600 mg/L,吸附剂用量0.40g,吸附时间240 min,吸附温度50℃,其中吸附剂用量对吸附效果的影响最显著。     

吸附条件对食用油中苯并（a）芘吸附脱除的影响

将醋酸纤维素负载在活性炭表面得到的改性活性炭应用于食用油中苯并（a）芘的吸附脱除,以吸附脱除率为衡量指标,从吸附剂用量、吸附温度和时间方面对吸附条件进行优化。结果表明,在吸附剂添加量为油重的0.8%,110℃下吸附30 min的条件下,改性活性炭对苯并（a）芘的脱除率高达100%。     

活性炭在卷烟滤嘴中的应用研究综述

从活性炭性质、环境因素及活性炭与其他吸附剂的复配使用等方面综述了活性炭在卷烟滤嘴中应用的研究进展,并对应用前景进行了展望.已有研究表明:活性炭的表面结构特性和表面化学特性决定了其对卷烟烟气有吸附性能,吸附效果还受到抽吸条件和陈化储存条件影响,将活性炭与其他吸附剂联合使用可以更好地降低烟气中的有害成分.在此基础上提出,活性炭对烟气成分的选择性吸附是未来活性炭在卷烟滤嘴中应用的核心技术,活性炭的选择性可以通过改变其表面结构特性或表面化学性质的方法来实现.     

吸附法脱除花生油中苯并（a）芘的效果研究

为了降低花生油中的苯并（a）芘含量,同时兼顾花生油色泽,采用活性炭和活性白土复合吸附剂对花生油中苯并（a）芘进行吸附脱除,通过单因素实验研究了活性炭种类、复合吸附剂添加量、复合吸附剂配比、吸附温度和吸附时间对花生油中苯并（a）芘脱除效果的影响,并采用正交实验对吸附工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：活性白土和FC1X活性炭复合对花生油中的苯并（a）芘具有最好的脱除效果,最优工艺条件为复合吸附剂添加量2%、活性白土与FC1X活性炭质量比20∶1、吸附时间20 min、吸附温度130℃,在最优条件下花生油中的苯并（a）芘含量降至0.12 μg/kg,远小于欧盟限量2 μg/kg,色泽为Y10、R0.7。复合吸附剂能有效吸附脱除花生油中99%以上的苯并（a）芘,且花生油呈淡黄色、澄清透明,满足企业生产要求。     

含活性炭的吸附剂获美国专利

美国专利(专利号7370657)介绍了一种能选择性地去除气体中一种或几种气相成分的活性炭吸附剂。该吸附剂可以放在吸用物中从主流烟气中去除一种或多种选定的成分。该吸附剂可以是含有一种或几种分子筛材料的复合物。还提供了制造这种含活性炭吸附剂、卷烟滤嘴和含有这种吸附剂的     

三种吸附剂对毛用黄色染料的静态吸附比较

文章采用大孔树脂、活性炭、煤渣三种吸附剂处理各类毛用黄色染料的模拟染色废水,分别研究了不同的吸附剂对不同染料的吸附平衡时间;并分析了粒径的大小对染料的吸附饱和值的影响。结果表明:采用活性炭吸附不同种类的染料,其吸附平衡时间差异较大。染料分子量或分子尺寸越小,达平衡所用时间越长。而采用大孔树脂和煤渣吸附不同种类的染料,其达吸附平衡的时间差异较小;同时吸附剂的粒径越小,其对染料的吸附饱和值越大。     

The use of different adsorbents for selective removal of compounds from olive residue oil miscella

The selective removal of several impurities from a solution of crude olive residue oil in n-hexane (miscella) using batch adsorption by different materials, used separately or in sequence, was investigated. The following adsorbents were tested: activated diatomaceous earths, powdered activated carbon and synthetic neutral resins ("Amberlite XAD-4, XAD-7, XAD-16). The adsorption efficiency of every group of compounds depended on the adsorbent and the ratio (amount of adsorbent/amount of oil) used. The activated earths and carbon were very much more effective in the adsorption of the compounds from the miscella than the resins. Results were similar for every resin tested. An effective removal of green pigments (chlorophylls and pheophytins) and carotenoids was achieved with every adsorbent tested. With respect to the adsorption of conjugated hydroperoxides (HP), a removal of 50-60% was attained with activated carbon and earths, in contrast to a 20% removal by the resins. For the final oxidation products (FOP), a 60% removal was observed with powdered carbon, 20-30% with earths and 20% with resins. A removal of 20% of free fatty acids (FFA) by activated earths or powdered carbon and 40% by the resins was observed. When the adsorbents were used in sequence (carbon or earths followed by XAD-7 resin), the resin was able to adsorb the remaining FFA, HP and FOP.     

黄麻纤维活性炭对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙溶液的吸附性能研究

以黄麻纤维为原料,采用磷酸活化法制得黄麻纤维活性炭作为吸附剂,以纺织印染加工中较为常用的亚甲基蓝(MB)和甲基橙(MO)染料溶液为吸附质,研究染料溶液初始浓度、活性炭投加量、吸附时间等因素对黄麻纤维活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明:随着染料溶液初始浓度的增加,两种染料的去除率逐渐降低,吸附量逐渐增大;随着活性炭投加量的增加和吸附时间的延长,两种染料的去除率和吸附量均呈现逐渐增大的变化规律;水浴温度对两种染料的去除率和吸附量影响都较小;染料溶液pH值对两种染料吸附性能的影响存在较大差异,MB的去除率和吸附量随染料溶液pH值增加而增大,而MO的去除率和吸附量随之减小。     

Treatment with activated carbon and other adsorbents as an effective method for the removal of volatile compounds in agricultural distillates

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the effect of treatment with activated carbon and other adsorbents on the chemical composition and organoleptics of a barley malt-based agricultural distillate. Contact with activated carbon is one of the methods by which the quality of raw distillates and spirit beverages can be improved. Samples placed in contact with 1 g activated carbon (SpiritFerm) per 100 ml distillate with ethanol content of 50% v/v for 1 h showed the largest reductions in the concentrations of most volatile compounds (aldehydes, alcohols, esters). Increasing the dose of adsorbent to over 1 g 100 ml^?1 did not improve the purity of the agricultural distillate significantly. Of the tested compounds, acetaldehyde and methanol showed the lowest adsorption on activated carbon. The lowest concentrations of these congeners (expressed in mg l^?1 alcohol 100% v/v) were measured in solutions with ethanol contents of 70–80% v/v, while solutions with an alcoholic strength by volume of 40% did not show statistically significant decreases in these compounds in relation the control sample. The reductions in volatile compounds were compared with those for other adsorbents based on silica or activated carbon and silica. An interesting alternative to activated carbon was found to be an adsorbent prepared from activated carbon and silica (Spiricol). Treatment with this adsorbent produced distillate with the lowest concentrations of acetaldehyde and isovaleraldehyde, and led to the greatest improvement in its organoleptics.     

静电纺PAN纤维微波活化技术及其吸附性能

介绍了PAN纤维静电纺丝和采用微波进行活化加工的装置和方法。研究了PAN含量对静电纺PAN纤维的影响及纤维活化得率和苯吸附率与微波活化时间之间的关系,并比较了常规PAN基活性炭纤维、粘胶基活性炭纤维以及静电纺PAN纤维的活化得率与苯吸附率,认为利用静电纺PAN纤维可以制得较高得率和较好吸附性能的活性炭纤维。     

Sewage sludge-derived materials as efficient adsorbents for removal of hydrogen sulfide

Sewage sludge-derived materials were used as adsorbents of hydrogen sulfide from moist air. The adsorbent obtained by carbonization at 950 degrees C has a capacity twice of that of coconut-shell-based activated carbon. The capacity of the sludge-derived materials increases with increasing carbonization temperature. It is likelythatduring carbonization at 950 degrees C a mineral-like phase is formed that consists of such catalytically active metals as iron, zinc, and copper. The results obtained demonstrate that the presence of iron oxide significantly increases the capacity of commercial carbon and activated alumina. The sludge-derived adsorbents are efficient for hydrogen sulfide removal until the pore entrances are blocked with sulfur as the product of oxidation reaction. For materials in which the catalytic effect is predominant, hydrogen sulfide is adsorbed until all pores are filled with sulfur. There is also indication that chemisorption plays a significant role in the removal of hydrogen sulfide from moist air.     

Recent advances on the use of adsorbent materials for detoxification of Fusarium mycotoxins

The extensive use of adsorbents in the livestock industry has led to the introduction of a wide range of new products on the market, most of them claiming high in vitro mycotoxin adsorption capacity. However, adsorbents that may appear effective in vitro do not necessarily retain their efficacy when tested in vivo. Studies performed in our laboratory during the past few years aiming to evaluate the efficacy of various adsorbent materials in binding Fusarium mycotoxins are reported. Adsorption experiments were performed in in vitro screening tests for Fusarium mycotoxins at different pHs; by in vivo tests using the increase of the sphinganine to sphingosine ratio in rat urine and tissues as a biomarker of fumonisin exposure; and by a dynamic, computer-controlled, gastrointestinal model simulating the gastrointestinal tract of healthy pigs. Most of the commercially available mycotoxin-binders failed in sequestering in vitro Fusarium mycotoxins. Only for a small number of adsorbent materials was the ability to bind more than one mycotoxin demonstrated. Cholestyramine was proven to be an effective binder for fumonisins and zearalenone in vitro, which was confirmed for zearalenone in experiments using a dynamic gastrointestinal model and for fumonisins in in vivo experiments. No adsorbent materials, with the exception of activated carbon, showed relevant ability in binding deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. The in vitro efficacy of activated carbon toward fumonisins was not confirmed in vivo by the biomarker assay. The dynamic gastrointestinal model was a reliable tool to study the effectiveness of adsorbent materials in reducing the bioaccessibility of Fusarium mycotoxins, as an alternative to the more difficult and time-consuming studies with domestic livestock.     

Retention of ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 and B2 from beer on solid surfaces: comparison of efficiency of adsorbents with different origin

Fifteen solid materials with variable origin and various adsorption properties for retention of mycotoxins were tested—mineral materials, organic polymers and chemical modified silica gels that are used in widespread separation techniques. Some filtration materials currently utilized in brewing technology for beer clarifying and filtration were also examined. Adsorbents have been investigated in model and real samples (beer) and evaluated on the basis of adsorption capacity for ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 and B2. Mentioned mycotoxins are commonly present in beers and may increase the risk on human health in high beer-consuming countries. The ability of adsorbent to retain mycotoxins on its surface was evaluated as micrograms of mycotoxin per one gram of adsorbent or as percentage of mycotoxin adsorbed. The experiments were accomplished in dynamic mode, which is mostly applied in beer production. The quality profile of beer after treatment with adsorbents in connection with high efficiency of mycotoxins’ removal was also considered. The main beer qualitative attributes such as pH value, color, iso-alpha acids were defined. As perspective adsorbents has shown to be carbon and modified silica gels. The retention of ochratoxin A on carbon was 90–96% in range of carbon dosages 2.5–6.5 g/l, and its retention on modified silica gels alters in scope of 64–94%. The retentive effect of fumonisin B1 and B2 on modified silica gels reached 74–100% in dependence on adsorbent dosage. Most changes underwent iso-alpha acids likely in consequence of retention on adsorbents together with mycotoxins. To achieve the scheduled goals the sensitive HPLC methods with fluorescence detection were used.     

吸附-包埋结合法共固定化糖化酶和酵母菌的研究

以聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠为包埋材料,以硅藻土或活性炭或Al2O3 为吸附剂,采用吸附- 包埋结合法共固定化糖化酶和酵母菌。实验结果表明,聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠的最佳配比是9:1,最适吸附剂为硅藻土,其添加量为0.6g/20ml;实验还研究了共固定化颗粒的发酵性能。结果显示,其最佳发酵条件是底物浓度25%、发酵温度30℃、起始pH5.0、糖化发酵时间7d,此条件下发酵酒度达11%(V/V)。     

Kinetics of selective adsorption of impurities from a crude vegetable oil in hexane to activated earths and carbons

In this study, the selective removal of several impurities (chlorophylls and pheophytins, carotenoids, free fatty acids and oxidation products) from a solution of crude olive residue oil in n-hexane (miscella) by batch adsorption to different materials was investigated. The following adsorbents were tested: activated diatomaceous earths, powdered and granulated activated carbons. For the majority of the adsorbents used, both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models showed a good fit to the adsorption of pigments, free fatty acids (FFA), conjugated hydroperoxides (HP), and final oxidation products (FOP). Sigmoid profiles were observed for the adsorption of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and FOP to the 20-60 mesh carbon, suggesting the presence of pores in the intermediate range (2-50 nm). The FFA isotherm adsorption to the 8-20 mesh carbon can be explained by a multilayer adsorption phenomenon. On the basis of the estimated values for affinity and separation factors, the selective adsorption occurred in the following order for every adsorbent tested: chlorophylls and pheophytins>carotenoids>hydroperoxides>final oxidation products>free fatty acids. The highest adsorption efficiency was observed for the powdered activated carbon.