趋化因子CCL20及其受体CCR6在急性坏死性胰腺炎中的表达及意义

目的 探讨CC趋化因子配体20(CCL20)和CC趋化因子受体6(CCR6)在实验性急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)发病机制中的作用.方法 48只SD大鼠按完全随机法分为ANP组和对照组.采用胆胰管逆行注射4%牛磺胆酸钠建立大鼠ANP模型,以注射等容积生理盐水作为对照组.术后1、3、6、12 h分批处死大鼠,取血检测血清淀粉酶,胰腺组织常规病理检查并评分,免疫组化和RT-PCR检测胰腺组织中CCL20、CCR6 mRNA及蛋白表达.结果 ANP大鼠血清淀粉酶和胰腺组织病理评分明显高于对照组.ANP组术后胰腺组织CCL20 mRNA及蛋白表达呈时间依赖性增强(P＜0.05);术后6 h胰腺组织中CCR6 mRNA明显高于对照组(0.88±0.05对0.23±0.09,P＜0.01),术后12 h CCR6mRNA表达较6 h时降低,但仍高于对照组(0.37±0.10对0.15±0.07,P＜0.05),CCR6蛋白变化与其mRNA变化一致.结论CCL20和CCR6参与ANP的发生和发展.     

晚期糖基化终末产物受体在急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠中的表达

目的 观察急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠发病过程中胰腺组织及血清中晚期糖基化终末产物受体(the receptor for advanced glycation end products,RAGE)含量变化的规律.方法 64只雄性SD大鼠按完全随机法分为对照组,ANP 6、18、24、36、48、72、96 h组,每组8只.采用腹腔注射20％L-精氨酸250 mg/100 g体重2次、间隔1h方法制备ANP模型.对照组大鼠腹腔注射等容积生理盐水.胰腺组织行病理学检查并评分.检测腹水量、血清淀粉酶及RAGE浓度,实时PCR法检测胰腺组织RAGE mRNA表达.结果 ANP组胰腺病理损伤随时间延长逐渐加重;腹水量从6h的(1.98±0.64)ml增加到96h的(8.69 ±0.62) ml;血清淀粉酶浓度从造模后6h开始升高,18h达(5069.88±603.25)U/L,36 h时恢复正常.对照组大鼠血清RAGE浓度及胰腺组织RAGE mRNA表达量分别为(18.33±2.99) ng/ml和0.41 ±0.13.ANP组6h时两者开始升高,分别为(30.31±5.03)ng/ml和1.57±0.19,较对照组显著升高(P＜0.05);24 h组达峰值,分别为(105.41±21.31)ng/ml和4.23±0.73,较ANP其他时间点显著升高(P值均＜0.05);96 h下降至最低点,分别为(33.54±6.96) ng/ml和1.19±0.19,但仍高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 血清RAGE浓度及胰腺组织RAGE mRNA表达量在ANP发生36 h内逐渐增加,随后下降,但始终高于正常值.     

大承气汤对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺水通道蛋白1的影响

目的 观察急性坏死性胰腺炎( ANP)大鼠胰腺组织水通道蛋白1(AQP1)的表达以及大承气汤对其的影响.方法 160只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字法分为对照组、ANP组、地塞米松组、乙酰唑胺组及大承气汤组,每组32只.采用胆胰管逆行注射5％牛磺胆酸钠方法制备ANP模型.地塞米松组于造模后即刻静脉给予地塞米松4 mg/kg体重;乙酰唑胺组于造模前2h用含乙酰唑胺的生理盐水1ml灌胃;大承气汤组于造模前48、24、2h分别用大承气汤2ml/次灌胃;对照组仅开腹触摸胰腺数次后关腹.制模后3、6、12、18 h分批处死8只大鼠.记录腹水量;检测血清淀粉酶;胰腺组织病理检查及电镜观察;伊文思兰(EB)血管外渗法检测毛细血管通透性;实时PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测AQP1 mRNA和蛋白表达.结果 ANP组血清淀粉酶水平显著升高,胰腺损伤明显;地塞米松组和大承气汤组淀粉酶水平较ANP组降低,胰腺损伤减轻;乙酰唑胺组淀粉酶水平高于ANP组,胰腺病理损伤较ANP组加重.造模后6h,对照组、ANP组、地塞米松组、乙酰唑胺组、大承气汤组胰腺组织EB含量分别为(13.44±2.56)、( 126.35±14.80)、(86.31±14.46)、(108.99±15.07)、(78.29±16.85) mg/L;AQP1 mRNA表达量为(170.07±22.48)％、(83.93±8.98)％、(117.09±10.70)％、(69.00±8.98)％、(112.82±11.79)％;AQP1蛋白表达量为0.23±0.06、0.10±0.02、0.32±0.03、0.13±0.02、0.45±0.04.ANP组的EB量显著高于对照组,而AQP1mRNA及蛋白的表达显著低于对照组(P值均＜0.05);地塞米松组及大承气汤组EB含量显著低于ANP组,而AQP1 mRNA及蛋白的表达显著高于ANP组(P值均＜0.05).结论 AQP1在ANP大鼠胰腺组织毛细血管渗漏的发生中起重要作用.大承气汤通过调控AQP1的表达可减轻ANP大鼠的胰腺损伤.     

急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺过氧化酶体增殖物激活受体的表达

目的 检测ANP大鼠过氧化酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)mRNA和蛋白表达的变化,探讨其意义.方法 36只SD大鼠按完全随机法分成对照组和ANP组.于术后3 h、6 h、12 h处死大鼠,分别检测血清淀粉酶含量,观察胰腺组织大体及镜下病理学改变,并采用RT-PCR和免疫组化分别检测胰腺PPARγmRNA和蛋白的表达.结果 ANP组术后6 h血清淀粉酶、胰腺大体及镜下病理分值分别为(7170.83±1635.59)U/L、6.67±1.03和13.00±2.36,均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);PPARγmRNA相对表达量为0.18±0.05,与对照组的0.22±0.03无显著差异;PPARγ蛋白相对表达量为4.17±0.98.较对照组的1.83±0.71显著升高(P<0.05).结论 ANP时PPARγ mRNA无明显下降,而PPARr蛋白明显增加.表明炎症损伤时,失活状态的PPARγ增多,同时反馈性抑制了PPARγ基因的表达.     

急性坏死性胰腺炎胰腺组织中褪黑激素受体表达及褪黑激素干预作用

目的 探讨急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)胰腺组织中褪黑激素受体MT1表达及褪黑激素(MT)干预作用.方法 54只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(SO组)、急性坏死性胰腺炎组(ANP组)、MT干预组(MT组),每组18只.应用胰胆管逆行注射牛磺胆酸钠的方法诱导ANP模型,MT组于诱导模型前30 min腹腔注射MT.术后4 h、8 h和12 h分批处死大鼠(每个时间点6只),以免疫组化和实时定量PCR分别检测胰腺组织中MT1蛋白及MT1 mRNA的表达;检测血清淀粉酶、胰腺组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及TNFα的含量,并行胰腺病理检查.结果 (1)ANP组胰腺病理损伤呈进行性加重,MT组胰腺病理损伤较ANP组明显减轻(P＜0.05).(2)淀粉酶、MDA、TNFα水平在ANP组较S0组明显增高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而MT组较相应时间点ANP组显著降低[12 h,(2348.00±278.90)U/L比(3194.83±538.10)U/L,(2.255±0.472)μmol/L比(2.960±0.722)μmol/L,(102.929±29.399)ng/L比(378.544±183.454)ng/L,P＜0.05].SOD水平在ANP组各时点较SO组显著降低(P＜0.01),而MT组较ANP组显著升高[12 h,(11.448±1.594)U/L比(8.427±1.950)U/L,P＜0.05].(3)与SO组相比,MT1蛋白及MT1 mRNA表达在ANP组胰腺组织中明显下降(P＜0.05),且随ANP病变加重表达减弱,而MT组表达较ANP组明显增多.结论 MT干预可提高SOD活力,降低MDA、TNFα水平,故能显著减轻ANP时胰腺病理损伤,MT1在ANP发病机制中可能具有重要作用,MT对ANP中的干预作用可能与上调胰腺组织中MT1的表达有关.     

大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎脂质代谢的研究

目的 观察大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎时血脂的代谢及其对炎症的影响.方法 36只SD大鼠(250 g左右),随机分为对照组和急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h组,每组6只.除对照组外予胰管内逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠复制ANP大鼠模型,观察胰腺组织病理学和透射电镜的改变.检测各组血清淀粉酶、胆固醇、三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)含量.RT-PCR检测硬脂酰基辅酶A脱氢酶1(SCD1)和脂肪酸转移酶(CD36)mRNA的表达.结果 血清淀粉酶和胰腺病理学改变符合大鼠ANP改变特征,在12 h组淀粉酶和胰腺病理学改变达峰值.电镜下ANP各组腺泡细胞粗面内质网扩张、酶原颗粒增多.ANP各组血清TG和FFA水平较对照组增高,其中ANP 24 h组TG为(0.81 ± 0.35)mmol/L,与对照组差异显著(P ＜0.01);ANP 6 h组FFA为(1.32 ± 0.32)mmol/L,较对照组显著升高(P ＜0.05).但ANP组LPL活性较对照组下降,胰腺组织SCD1 mRNA和CD36 mRNA表达升高.结论 ANP大鼠出现血脂增高、脂质代谢相关酶表达异常、胰腺腺泡细胞内质网扩张等方面改变,提示ANP可诱发机体脂质代谢紊乱.     

硫氧还蛋白-1 在急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠中的表达及褪黑素对其的影响

目的 观察硫氧还蛋白-1(TRX-1)在急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠胰腺组织的表达和褪黑素干预对其的影响.方法 72只雄性SD大鼠随机分成ANP组、褪黑素组和对照组,每组24只.以腹腔注射6%L-Arginine 25 mL/kg体重3次、每次间隔1 h的方法制备ANP模型.褪黑素组在制模前30min腹腔注射0.25%褪黑素20 ml/kg体重;ANP组和对照组大鼠腹腔注射等容积生理盐水.术后6、12、24 h分批处死大鼠.抽血测定血清淀粉酶含量;取胰腺组织行病理学检查,并评分;检测胰腺组织丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化酶(MPO)含量;免疫组化检测胰腺组织TRX-1蛋白表达;RT-PCR检测胰腺组织TRX-1 mRNA的表达.结果 ANP组12 h点血清淀粉酶、胰腺组织MDA和MPO以及TRX-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别为(3 012±1 425)u/L、(4.13±1.85)nmol/mg prot、(7.45±1.26)nmol/mg prot、0.68±0.18、66.8±8.1;褪黑素组分别为(1 835±499)U/L、(3.03±2.12)nmol/mg prot、(5.32±1.06)nmml//mgprot、0.50±0.09、80.29±8.14,两组比较均有显著差异(P<0.05).褪黑素组胰腺TRX-1 mRNA和蛋白表达峰值从ANP组的制模后12 h提前到制模后6 h.结论 ANP大鼠胰腺组织TRX-1 mRNA和蛋白表达增高;褪黑素干预能促进胰腺组织早期表达TRX-1 mRNA和蛋白,减轻胰腺组织的损伤.     

脂酶对实验性高脂血症性急性坏死性胰腺炎的影响

目的 探讨脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和肝脂酶(HL)对实验性高脂血症性急性坏死性胰腺炎(HLANP)的影响.方法 通过高脂饲料喂养4周,胆胰管内逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠溶液诱导大鼠HLANP模型.72只大鼠按数字随机法分为HLANP组和急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)对照组,每组又分为造模后0、3、6、12、24、48 h 6个时间点,每个时间点6只.榆测血清淀粉酶、胆固醇、三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、LPL和HL水平;观察胰腺组织病理学和超微结构改变;RT-PCR检测胰腺HL mRNA表达;免疫组化方法检测胰腺HL蛋白表达.结果 HLANP组和对照组大鼠血清淀粉酶在12 h达峰值,均值分别为7 176 U/L和6 366 U/L,较基础水平显著升高(P<0.05);HLANP组0～12 h的血清胆固醇水平均高于相应时问点的对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),TG仅0 h点两组相差显著(P<0.05),分别为(1.19±0.49)mmoi/L和(0.32±0.14)mmol/L;HLANP组FFA水平与对照组无显著差异;HLANP3 h组大鼠血清LPL和HL活性分别为(17.5±7)U/L和(18.6±3.9)U/L,显著高于对照组的(8.9±3.4)U/L和(9.5±2.1)U/L(P<0.05).HLANP组大鼠3、6、24、48 h的胰腺组织坏死程度均显著高于同时点对照组(P<0.05);HLANP组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞出现脂滴沉积、粗而内质网扩张、酶原颗粒减少和线粒体肿胀.HLANP 3、6 h组大鼠胰腺HL mRNA表达分别为1.1±0.09和0.89±0.08,均显著高十对照组的0.1l 4-0.01和0.15±0.03(P<0.05);HLANP组和对照组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞在ANP前未见HL蛋白表达,诱导ANP后均可见HL蛋白强阳性表达.结论 HIANP大鼠脂酶(LPL和HL)的表达增高,其血清蛋白含量增高,导致脂质分解,加重ANP.LPL和HL可能是加重HLANP的最关键的脂质代谢酶之一.     

吡格列酮对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺PPARγ mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,PPARγ)激动剂吡格列酮对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠PPARγ mRNA表达的影响.方法 54只SD大鼠按完全随机法分成假手术组、ANP组、吡格列酮组.采用牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰胆管内注射建立ANP模型,于造模后3、6、12 h检测血清淀粉酶含量,观察胰腺病理学改变,并采用RT-PCR法检测胰腺组织PPARγ mRNA的表达.结果 ANP组6 h点的血清淀粉酶及胰腺组织病理学评分分别为(7171±1636)U/L和13.00±2.36,均较假手术组的(523±166)U/L和1.67±2.34显著增高(P<0.01),而PPARγ mRNA在两组中表达均较弱,无显著差异(0.18±0.05对0.22±0.03,P>0.05);吡格列酮组6 h的血清淀粉酶水平、胰腺病理学评分分别为(4504±1901)U/L和9.00±0.89,均较ANP组明显下降(P<0.05),PPARγmRNA表达较ANP组增强(0.56±0.05对0.18±0.05,P<0.05).结论 吡格列酮对ANP大鼠的保护作用可能与上调PPARγ基因的表达密切相关.     

E-选择素在大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎肺损伤组织的动态表达及其意义

目的 探讨E-选择素在实验性急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠肺组织的表达及其意义.方法 按随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组及ANP组.采用逆行胆胰管注射5％牛磺胆酸钠制作大鼠ANP模型,术后3、6、12、24 h分批处死动物.检测血清淀粉酶、白蛋白及Ca2+水平,计算肺湿/干重比,常规行胰腺和肺组织病理检查并评分,实时荧光定量PCR及免疫组化法检测大鼠肺组织E-选择素mRNA和蛋白表达.结果 ANP 6 h组大鼠血淀粉酶、胰腺及肺病理评分、肺湿/干重比分别为(3978±476) U/L,(8.22±0.63)分、(12.31 ±1.58)分、5.21 ±0.20、均显著高于对照组的(843±90) U/L、(0.22±0.36)分、(0.13±0.34)分、4.46 ±0.17(P＜0.05或＜0.01);血清白蛋白水平为(12.9±1.0)g/L,显著低于对照组的(15.6 ±0.7)g/L(P ＜0.01);12 h时的血Ca2+水平为( 2.33±0.15)mmoL/L,显著低于对照组的(2.57 ±0.23) mmoL/L(P ＜0.01).E-选择素定位于血管内皮细胞胞膜及胞质.ANP 6 h组大鼠肺组织E-选择素mRNA与蛋白表达显著高于对照组(3.51 ±0.45比0.95 ±0.16;0.174 ±0.019比0.060±0.006,P值均＜0.01).结论 ANP大鼠并发肺损伤时肺组织的血管内皮细胞E-选择素表达呈时间依赖性上调,并参与白细胞的附壁及外渗,促进肺损伤.     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治健康教育现状调查

目的 调查湖南省岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治知识、行为现状及健康教育需求情况,为制定科学有效的小学生血吸虫病健康教育方案提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取岳阳市城区洞庭湖湖畔学校和中心城区学校各2所,每所再从五、六年级分别抽取2个班的学生,通过调查问卷了解小学生血吸虫病相关知识、预防行为及健康教育需求,并进行统计分析。结果 共调查湖畔小学353人、中心城区小学363人,两组学校小学生年龄、性别、年级构成差异无统计学意义（t=-0.494,χ²_性别=1.615,χ²_年级=2.152;P均>0.05）。学生血吸虫病防治知识总知晓率为42.60%（305/716）,其中,湖畔学校小学生血防知识知晓率（52.97%）高于中心城区（32.51%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=30.661,P<0.05）;学生行为正确率为76.68%（549/716）,血防知识知晓组行为正确率（81.31%）高于不知晓组（71.24%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.384,P<0.05）。学生血防知识主要来源于老师（47.49%）;91.90%的学生愿意了解更多的血防知识,最喜欢的血防知识学习方式是参加课外活动（50.42%）。结论 岳阳市城区小学生的血防知识知晓率及行为正确率偏低,对血吸虫病防治健康教育需求较高。建议针对学生开展形式多样的血防健康教育,以增强学生的血吸虫病防护意识,提高自我防护能力。     

Advanced Evaluation of the Freeze–Thaw Damage of Concrete Based on the Fracture Tests

This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at the assessment of the freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance of concrete based on the evaluation of fracture tests accompanied by acoustic emission measurements. Two concretes of similar mechanical characteristics were manufactured for the experiment. The main difference between the C1 and C2 concrete was in the total number of air voids and in the A300 parameter, where both parameters were higher for C1 by about 35% and 52%, respectively. The evaluation of the fracture characteristics was performed on the basis of experimentally recorded load–deflection and load–crack mouth opening displacement diagrams using two different approaches: linear fracture mechanics completed with the effective crack model and the double-K model. The results show that both approaches gave similar results, especially if the nonlinear behavior before the peak load was considered. According to the results, it can be stated that continuous AE measurement is beneficial for the assessment of the extent of concrete deterioration, and it suitably supplements the fracture test evaluation. A comparison of the results of fracture tests with the resonance method and splitting tensile strength test shows that all testing methods led to the same conclusion, i.e., the C1 concrete was more F–T-resistant than C2. However, the fracture test evaluation provided more detailed information about the internal structure deterioration due to the F–T exposure.     

欧洲儿童肝豆状核变性诊疗推荐意见简介

正肝豆状核变性(Wilson’s disease,WD)是常染色隐性遗传相关的铜代谢障碍性疾病,估计患病率为1:30000。该病是由于编码P型ATP酶的ATP7B基因突变,影响铜的分泌及排泄所致铜沉积。儿童肝豆状核变性的临床表现可以从无症状肝脏疾病到肝硬化或者肝衰竭,但是神经精神症状却非常少见。常规的检测方法包括血清铜蓝蛋白、24 h尿铜。最终的诊断需要基于症状、评估铜代谢的生化学检