醛类自氧化振荡反应动力学的研究

研究了醛类在乙酸和水混合溶剂中以Ｃｏ＾２＋和Ｂｒ＾－为催化剂的自氧化振荡反应。得知某些取代苯甲醛和脂肪醛在适当条件下能发生振荡，并研究了苯甲醛、正丁醛和乙醛的周期受动力学制约的影响，提出了相关的机理模型。依此模型以Ｇｅａｒ方法计算其振荡周期基本与实验结果相符。     

苯甲醛在光催化反应中氧化还原选择性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法在M06-2X/6-311G^*水平上模拟了不同反应条件下, TiO₂对苯甲醛的光催化还原和氧化的反应. 计算结果表明, 苯甲醛的光催化还原和氧化反应均可在常温下发生; 在缺氧但有乙醇存在的条件下, 乙醇分子可与氧化性物质发生反应, 生成醇自由基, 苯甲醛主要发生光催化还原反应生成苯甲醇; 在有氧气但无乙醇存在条件下, 还原性的光生电子被氧气捕获, 避免了苯甲醛被还原, 主要发生光催化氧化反应生成苯甲酸.     

基于绿色化学理念的苯甲醛与安息香的相互转化

为了在基础教学实验中引入绿色化学理念以及强化氧化还原反应操作,本文设计了苯甲醛和安息香的相互转化实验:以苯甲醛为原料经维生素B1催化得到安息香,再用硼氢化钠还原安息香得到二苯乙二醇,二苯乙二醇用新型绿色催化剂NaMnOx氧化回到苯甲醛。通过氢核磁共振(1H NMR)对氧化还原反应的产物结构进行了鉴定,液相色谱分析结果表明氧化反应转化率达到90%以上。通过这一循环转化反应的实现,一方面树立了学生的绿色化学理念,另一方面加强了氧化及还原反应的操作训练,在进一步锻炼学生实验能力的同时,使其对化学反应的认知与评价更加完整。     

取代芳烃电解氧化产物的GC-MS分析(Ⅱ)

采用GC-MS方法,分析了3种取代芳烃直接电解氧化的产物;从甲苯电解氧化产物中鉴定出7种主要成分,从对甲基苯甲醚电解氧化产物中鉴定出6种主要成分,从对叔丁基甲苯电解氧化产物中鉴定出6种主要成分;根据成分鉴定和含量测定结果,解释了以获取目标产物苯甲醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛和对叔丁基苯甲醛为目的的电解氧化反应要求。     

电催化氧化制备苯甲醛的研究

在超声波槽中电生成纳米金属氧化物,继而以MnO2/Mn2 或金属氧化物氧化还原电对作为媒介,电催化氧化合成苯甲醛.实验表明,电流效率和苯甲醛的产率在超声的参与下有明显的提高,优化了超声电解的条件.在较高温度下反应时,有利于提高生成苯甲醛的电流效率.反应选择性较高,苯甲醛产率可达88.9%.     

N-杂环卡宾催化下对硝基苯甲醛的氧化酯化

以空气为氧化剂,研究了在N- 杂环卡宾催化下,对硝基苯甲醛与9种醇的氧化酯化反应。 考察了不同卡宾前体、卡宾前体的用量以及溶剂对收率和反应速率的影响。 结果表明,当以对硝基苯甲醛摩尔分数10%的溴化3-乙基-4-甲基-5-羟乙基噻唑鎓盐为催化剂,过量的原料醇为溶剂时,可以有效地催化氧化对硝基苯甲醛进行酯化反应,收率为36%~64%,但当使用与对硝基苯甲醛等摩尔比的醇时,收率仅为9%~29%。     

N-杂环卡宾催化对硝基苯甲醛的氧化酯化

以空气为氧化剂,研究了在N-杂环卡宾催化下,对硝基苯甲醛与9种醇的氧化酯化反应。考察了不同卡宾前体、卡宾前体的用量以及溶剂对收率和反应速率的影响。结果表明,当以对硝基苯甲醛摩尔分数10%的溴化3-乙基-4-甲基-5-羟乙基噻唑鎓盐为催化剂,过量的原料醇为溶剂时,可以有效地催化氧化对硝基苯甲醛进行酯化反应,收率为36%~64%,但当使用与对硝基苯甲醛等摩尔比的醇时,收率仅为9%~29%。     

金属卟啉/MgAl水滑石催化醇选择性氧化制备羰基化合物

将MgAl水滑石引入到金属四苯基卟啉(MTPPs,M=Co,Fe,Mn,Ni)催化氧化体系中,实现了醇的选择性氧化。 结果表明,在分子氧/异丁醛体系中,CoTPP在苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛反应中表现出优异的催化活性,MgAl水滑石添加剂可有效地提高醛的选择性。 在苯甲醇1 mmol、乙腈2 mL、CoTPP 5 mg、MgAl水滑石18 mg、异丁醛5 mmol、反应温度60 ℃、氧气气氛下反应2 h,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别达到94%和92%。 另外,此催化体系在其它醇类化合物的氧化反应中也具有较好催化活性。     

用绿色氧化剂高铁酸钾相转移催化氧化苯甲醇

采用改进的次氯酸盐氧化法合成了高铁酸钾氧化剂,并进行了表征。研究了相转移溶剂存在下高铁酸钾氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛的反应,考察了有机溶剂及相转移溶剂对反应选择性和产率的影响。环己烷和pH=11·5的氢氧化钠水溶液作溶剂,在苄基三甲基氯化铵相转移溶剂存在下,室温(18℃)反应7min时,高铁酸钾氧化苯甲醇制苯甲醛反应的选择性及产率分别为97·2%和89·1%。     

苯甲醛及对溴苯甲醛光解初级过程自由基的ESR研究

苯甲醛的光解与其在放置过程中的自氧化引发机理密切相关,因此确定光解过程的主要中间产物有重要意义。自氧化的全过程比较复杂,但单纯的光解本身显然相对简单一些。本文用自旋捕捉-ESR技术研究了苯甲醛及与其相类似的对溴苯甲醛在紫外和可见光作用下生成的活泼中间体,并讨论了在本文实验条件下的光解初级过程。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.