新型多核苊二亚胺镍配合物复合负载催化剂催化乙烯聚合

制备了两种多核苊二亚胺镍配合物N imL1C l2m和N imL2C l2m,并将其负载于M gC l2和S iO2上制备复合载体催化剂,与通用烷基铝组成新的催化体系催化乙烯聚合。研究结果表明,在A lE t2C l为助催化剂的条件下,两种多核苊二亚胺镍配合物能高效催化乙烯进行聚合,制得不同支链的各种支化聚乙烯;聚合条件对乙烯聚合活性和产物性能有较大的影响。制得产物的支链使聚乙烯的熔融峰变宽,并且支化度越高,熔融峰越宽。     

新型Ni(acac)2/TiCl4/L复合催化剂单一乙烯聚合制备支化聚乙烯

制备了以MgCl2-SiO2为载体,以α-二亚胺配体(L)修饰的Ni(acac)2／TiCl4复合催化剂,以通用R2AlCl和R3Al为助催化剂．研究了催化剂组成和各种聚合条件对乙烯聚合的影响及表现聚合动力学。用DSC、IR、13C-NMR等对聚合产物进行了结构性能的分析和表征。结果表明,Ni(acac)2／TiCl4／L复合催化剂有良好的齐聚和原位共聚性能,催化单一乙烯聚合获得了熔点和结晶度较低的中、低密度支化聚乙烯;其中配体L有很好的提高产物支化度的作用,得到支化度为4～12的支化聚乙烯。     

异相后过渡金属聚乙烯的结构与性能

采用负载α-二亚胺镍配合物催化乙烯聚合制备不同支化度的聚乙烯(PE),应用核磁共振分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和广角X-射线衍射仪分析了异相后过渡金属催化剂制备的支化聚乙烯的支化结构与熔融行为、结晶行为及晶型特征。探讨支化度对PE熔融行为、结晶行为和晶型等的影响。随着支链度的提高,熔融温度和结晶温度都降低,熔融峰形变宽。当支链度为100.90时,降温曲线出现两个峰,衍射角在23°(2θ)附近,(200)晶面衍射峰消失,表明聚乙烯的型态为弹性态。     

α-二亚胺合镍氯化物/MgCl2(THF)2负载催化剂合成支化聚乙烯

以MgCl2(THF)2负载 [C6H5-N=C (CH3)C(CH3)=N-C6H5]NiCl2和AlEt2Cl组成的催化体系进行乙烯聚合,庚烷为溶剂制备支化聚乙烯(w=24000～34000).聚合条件如助催化剂、铝镍摩尔比、聚合温度和金属镍浓度对催化活性有很大的影响.负载催化剂在AlEt2Cl为助催化剂、聚合温度14 ℃、铝镍摩尔比80、金属镍浓度0.18 mmol/L的条件下催化活性达到51 kg PE/mol Ni·h.聚乙烯的支化度随着聚合温度的升高而迅速增加,受铝镍摩尔比的影响不大.     

负载型磁性纳米二亚胺镍催化剂制备新型磁性支化聚乙烯

用纳米Fe3O4磁性粉末作为载体,负载α-二亚胺N i催化剂制得磁性纳米催化剂。通过乙烯在纳米催化剂粒子表面原位聚合得到既不同于结构型磁性材料也不同于普通复合型磁性材料的一种新型磁性支化聚乙烯材料。     

高活性催化剂制备乙烯共聚产物的结构与性能(Ⅰ)支化结构和结晶与熔融行为

新型高活性催化剂TiCl4、Ti(OBu)4/MgCl2、SiO2、ZnCl2/醇/AlR3体系催化乙烯气相齐聚和共聚合,制得了一系列线性低密度塑性体和极低密度弹性体.用DSC、FT-IR研究了它们的支化结构、结晶度、结晶与熔融行为.结果表明新型高活性催化剂具有和齐聚性能相关的很好的催化乙烯与1-丁烯共聚合的性能;当共聚单体中1-丁烯含量由7%(体积,下同)增加到26%,产物的支化度(乙基数/1000C)从11.0增大至47.5的高数值.产物结晶度、熔点随支化度增大而下降,当支化度低于24.7时制得的LLDPE为塑性体,而超过30.4时获得透明弹性体.弹性体在加热熔融过程中,出现熔融双峰,而与通常采用乙烯/1-丁烯共聚制得的支化度及熔点相近的极低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE)相比,具有明显不同的熔融行为.     

低缠结超高分子量聚乙烯的制备及其对线性低密度聚乙烯的增强作用

利用单活性位点前过渡金属FI催化剂(Fenokishi-Imin catalyst)进行乙烯的聚合反应,在较低的温度下,制备出具有低链缠结度的超高分子量聚乙烯。经高温凝胶色谱(PL-GPC)测定,产物分子量达到了(2~5)×106;差示扫描量热仪(DSC)检测表明其结晶度达到了70%;流变学研究表明,相对于商业超高分子量聚乙烯,产物链缠结密度大大降低。进一步的力学性能测试显示添加少量的低缠结超高分子量聚乙烯对线性低密度聚乙烯的增强作用非常明显,可使拉伸强度和断裂伸长率大大提高。     

新型MgCl_2/SiO_2复合载体催化剂的乙烯聚合研究Ⅰ.乙烯淤浆聚合

由格氏试剂制备的新型ＪＭ复合载体催化剂对乙烯聚合具有很高的活性。着重考察了复合载体催化剂对乙烯聚合的催化活性及聚合产物堆密度的影响。     

新型MgCl2／SiO2复合载体催化剂的乙烯聚合研究：I.乙烯淤浆聚合

由格氏试剂制备的新型ＪＭ复合载体催化剂对乙烯聚合具有很高的活性，着重考察了复合载体催化剂对乙烯聚合的催化活性及聚合产物堆密度的影响。     

蒙脱土/碳纳米管组成对聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

将改性的纳米蒙脱土(MMT)和官能化的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行复合,然后负载TiCl4催化组分,制备出纳米载体Ziegler-Natta催化剂,最后进行乙烯原位聚合得到含有多维纳米材料的聚乙烯基复合材料。通过调控纳米载体中两种材料的组成,研究蒙脱土/碳纳米管组成对纳米复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:纳米蒙脱土、改性碳纳米管复合作为催化剂的载体,能够得到高活性的乙烯聚合催化剂。两种纳米材料组成的改变,会影响聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能。当多壁碳纳米管与蒙脱土比例为1∶1时,所得到的复合材料的拉伸强度为38.7MPa。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.