2014海洋材料腐蚀与防护大会在北京召开

21世纪是人类全面认识、开发利用和保护海洋的新世纪。海洋工程材料特别是新材料作为拓展海洋空间、开发海洋资源的物质前提,是实现海洋科技创新、海洋可持续发展的基础和先导。目前,我国海洋用新材料的发展仍然面临着诸多问题,比如涉及船舶、海洋平台、油气管线以及离岸建筑等方面使用的高品质钢铁材料、钛合金、有色金属、复合材料等大量依赖进口,很多材料的关键应用技术落后,海洋用材料标准不够完善,     

车用有色金属新材料及其应用

汽车材料是汽车技术发展的重要方面,要研制更经济、更安全和更轻便的汽车,材料是关键的一环.近几年,有色金属新材料是正在发展之中的、比传统材料更为优异的材料.     

有色金属资源循环研究应用进展

有色金属是国民经济发展的基础性材料,是国防军工和新科技革命的战略性物资。有色金属冶金面临严重的资源、能源和环境问题,已成为我国有色金属工业可持续发展的瓶颈。有色金属资源循环是国家战略性新兴产业发展的重要组成,是促进有色金属工业可持续发展的有效途径。本文系统介绍了有色金属资源循环的学科和理论基础,详细阐述了有色金属资源循环方法,并分析对比了国内外资源循环技术的应用进展。针对我国有色金属资源循环专门性科研机构—中南大学资源循环研究院,详细介绍了其在"城市矿产"绿色循环、稀贵金属清洁回收、资源循环过程强化和材料循环再造等方面的创新研究工作。最后,对有色金属资源循环未来发展前景和方向进行了展望。     

高技术有色金属新材料的产品创新探讨

通过对当今世界有色金属工业发展趋势和我国有色金属工业现状的分析 ,进一步探讨了我国目前有色金属工业在国际市场上难于形成影响力和竞争力的根本原因 ,提出了我国有色金属工业发展对策。高技术有色金属新材料产品创新能力确定了行业企业的市场竞争地位。为此 ,本文重点解析了我国有色金属高技术新材料发展空间 ,提出了推进我国高技术有色金属新材料产品创新的基本思路。     

关于加快开发国外有色金属资源的战略设想

有色金属材料是经济建设、国防建设和高科技发展过程中极其重要的关键战略物资。目前我国已经成为仅次于美国的全球第二大有色金属消费国,而且随着我国现代化建设进程的加快,国内市场对有色金属材料的需求仍将进一步大幅度增长。和这种迅猛增长的发展需求极不相适应的是我国有色金     

有色金属材料可持续发展与循环经济

近年来,我国有色金属材料产业发展迅猛,产量已居世界前列并占有重要地位,对国民经济高速发展做出重大贡献。然而,从资源、能源和环境的角度分析,有色金属材料的提取、制备、生产、使用和废弃又是一个不断消耗资源和破坏环境的过程,直接影响到经济社会的可持续发展。提高有色金属材料产业资源、能源的利用效率,降低其生产、制造和使用等过程中的环境负荷,已成为其持续发展的重要任务。因此,我国有色金属材料产业以“减量化、再利用、再循环”为原则,广泛开展大、中和小3个层面的物质循环,大力发展有色金属静脉产业,积极推广生态设计,研究开发节能型、环保型和循环型有色金属材料,全面促进有色金属材料产业的生态化改造和技术提升必将对其实施循环经济发展战略、走出一条可持续的发展道路起到重要作用．     

有色进入“新”时代

正在需求不振的市场格局下,有色金属新材料行业却爆发出勃勃生机,铜、铝、镁等基本金属材料经过高新工艺技术淬炼,在军工、交通运输等领域扮演着重要的角色,也代表着中国有色金属行业新兴的发展力量。随着世界各国对新兴产业的高度重视,新兴产业正成为新一轮世界经济、科技竞争的制高点。为了在未来竞争中占据主动地位,我国也制定了战略性新兴产业的发展规划,新材料是其中的一个重要领域,有色金属高新技术产品也成     

培育新兴新材料产业抢占未来科技制高点

温家宝总理在2009年11月4日发表的题为“让科技引领中国可持续发展”的讲话中指出：“我国发展新兴战略性产业,具备一定的比较优势和广阔的发展空间,完全可以有所作为”。又指出：“新材料产业发展对中国成为世界制造强国至关重要”;“必须加快微电子和光电子材料和器件、新型功能材料、高性能结构材料、纳米材料和器件等领域的科技攻关,尽快形成具有世界先进水平的新材料与智能绿色制造体系”。     

七十年辉煌历程 新时代砥砺前行——中国有色金属工业发展与展望

总结了新中国成立70周年以来我国有色金属工业从无到有、从小到大、由弱到强的艰难发展历程和取得的辉煌成就,探讨了我国建立现代有色金属企业制度和加强国际合作的艰辛探索与实践,阐述了我国在地质勘探技术方面、采矿选矿技术方面、冶炼技术方面、加工技术和新材料技术方面取得的最新进展,指出了破解我国有色金属工业发展的瓶颈和关卡需要解决的关键问题,即资源问题、话语权问题和做大做强问题。     

中国有色金属对外贸易的现状及对策

<正>有色金属是支撑国民经济健康可持续发展的重要原材料。中国是有色金属大国,近年来,有色金属的生产和进出口都呈现上升趋势。本文主要探讨了中国有色金属对外贸易的现状,并对提升有色进出口贸易提出了建议和对策。我国地域辽阔,资源丰富。伴随着我国经济的快速发展,目前我国已经成为有色金属生产、消费和贸易大国,相关贸易活动相当活跃,在世界有色金属产品贸易活动中具有重要影响,也在一定程度上拉动了世界有色金属的发展。但由于受到经济、政治、社会等各类环境的制约,中国有色金属对外贸易还存在着一些问题需要解决。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.