低流量煤粉稳燃燃烧器的研究与应用

结合煤粉工业锅炉煤粉流量低和炉膛容积小的特点,运用内二次旋转风、锥形钝体和有限预燃室空间相结合的稳燃技术,开发出一种低流量煤粉稳燃燃烧器。运用CFD技术研究了一次风速、内二次风速、内二次风旋流强度和钝体阻塞率等参量变化对回流区大小和回流速度的影响。提高内二次风速,回流区长度和平均回流速度皆呈现缓慢增加趋势;增加内二次风旋流强度,回流区长度和平均回流速度能较快增加,能明显提高回流区卷吸高温烟气热量;钝体阻塞率为1.070是比较合适的。该燃烧器应用到蒸发量4 t/h煤粉工业锅炉上,能够稳定燃烧,提高锅炉热效率10%～18%。     

一次风速对高浓度煤粉预燃式低氮燃烧器性能影响的数值模拟

高浓度煤粉燃烧器能稳定燃烧和显著降低NO_x排放,是一种经济环保的燃烧技术,其一次风速对炉内着火延迟、煤粉燃烧稳定性以及NO_x排放量都有重要的影响。为了确定适合新型高浓度煤粉预燃式低氮燃烧器的一次风速,为燃烧器的现场试验和实际运行提供指导依据,采用ANSYS Fluent软件模拟计算了一次风速对煤粉燃烧稳定性和NO_x排放的影响。先进行网格无关性检验,并用一台25 t/h全尺寸煤粉工业锅炉进行试验,验证了模型的准确性。数值模拟计算结果表明:新型高浓度煤粉预燃式低氮燃烧器可在预燃室和炉膛内形成2个回流区,预燃室内的回流区保证煤粉稳定燃烧,炉膛内的回流区降低NO_x。一次风速过低时,一、二次风的后期混合减弱,煤粉燃烧不稳定,NO_x排放量略微升高;一次风速过高时,二次风与煤粉的混合被削弱,煤粉燃烧同样不稳定,且焦炭转化率明显下降,NO_x排放大幅增加;一次风速从17 m/s增加到20 m/s,出口截面NO_x浓度提高约10%;适当的一次风速不仅能稳定煤粉着火和燃烧,还能实现NO_x低排放。试验研究燃烧器的最佳一次风速在14～17 m/s。     

双锥燃烧器燃用污泥水煤浆的燃烧特性和数值模拟

为促进城市污泥的资源化利用,解决污泥物理处置中存在的二次污染问题,以及传统污泥干化焚烧中干燥成本高的问题,提出了将污泥浆与煤粉掺混制备污泥水煤浆,利用具有强化燃烧功能的中心逆喷双锥燃烧器燃烧的技术思路。通过热重分析试验对比了煤粉、水煤浆、污泥水煤浆的燃烧特性,并利用数值模拟研究污泥水煤浆在双锥燃烧器上的燃烧特性,通过降低二次风量、提高二次风旋流强度及二次风温度等强化燃烧的措施,研究污泥水煤浆在双锥燃烧器上应用的可行性。污泥水煤浆的基础燃烧特性试验结果表明,水煤浆中水分超过35%,除影响燃料热值外,水蒸发吸热是影响污泥水煤浆燃烧过程着火和燃尽的关键因素。由于水分的存在,水煤浆起始着火温度高于煤粉11. 3℃,燃尽温度低于煤粉13. 6℃,其最大吸热速率为0. 504 k W/kg,占水煤浆最大放热速率的56. 05%,总吸热量为1. 917 MJ/kg,占燃烧放热量的9. 94%;掺烧20%污泥时,污泥水煤浆起始着火温度高于水煤浆12. 3℃,燃尽温度低59. 1℃,水蒸发吸热量为0. 546 kW/kg,比水煤浆燃烧高8. 4%,总放热量为16. 88 MJ/kg,比水煤浆燃烧低12. 5%。通过采用双DPM的离散相数值模拟模型,充分考虑污泥水煤浆燃烧时水蒸发过程的影响,对污泥水煤浆燃烧的数值模拟更接近实际结果。14 MW双锥燃烧器的污泥水煤浆燃烧模拟结果表明,直接使用现有双锥燃烧器无法实现污泥水煤浆的稳定燃烧,仅可燃烧水含量为25%左右的污泥水煤浆。污泥水煤浆中水含量由0增至35%时,平均每提高1%水含量,燃烧器出口温度下降7. 95℃,燃烧器内平均温度下降7. 69℃;水含量为35%时,燃烧器内平均温度降低269℃,燃烧器出口平均温度降低278℃。污泥水煤浆在双锥燃烧器内的燃烧,可通过降低二次风量、增加二次风旋流强度、提高二次风温度等强化燃烧措施实现。二次风旋流强度由1变为2时,燃烧器出口平均温度提高20℃,二次风量减少为理论空气量的0. 6,燃烧出口平均温度提高203℃,综合使用降低二次风量、增加旋流强度和提高二次风温的措施后,燃烧器出口平均温度提高289℃,基本接近该燃烧器燃用煤粉时的燃烧条件,双锥燃烧器基本可达到稳定燃烧污泥水煤浆的目的。     

300MW四角切圆贫煤锅炉三次风布置对NOx排放的影响

低氮燃烧改造是燃煤电厂降低氮氧化物排放最主要的策略之一。空气分级燃烧技术因其技术成熟、成本低廉等优势在燃用烟煤的锅炉中得到广泛应用。然而,随着煤/风比的进一步增加,NO_x降幅减小,未燃尽碳含量显著变大。与燃用烟煤的锅炉相比,燃用低挥发分煤种锅炉的低氮改造工作更加困难和复杂。四角切圆贫煤锅炉的三次风会影响风煤混合、燃烧气氛和温度,这些都会对煤粉燃烧过程和NO_x生成产生显著影响,若仅采用空气分级技术,并不能满足NO_x排放标准。因此,在低氮燃烧改造方案设计过程中,需寻求最佳的三次风布置方案以实现低氮高效燃烧。将一台300 MW四角切圆贫煤燃烧锅炉作为研究对象,采取CFD数值模拟方法,考察了三次风布置方式对锅炉燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:当三次风布置在燃烧区下部时,下层一次风和三次风中的煤粉迅速着火燃烧,温度攀升,火焰中心上移; NO_x还原区变长,此时炉膛出口NO_x浓度最低,为405 mg/Nm~3;三次风的下移导致炉膛主燃区中上部氧量较少,煤粉不充分燃烧,燃尽率降低。当三次风布置在主燃区中部时,由于三次风风温较低,导致炉膛燃烧温度下降,一定程度上抑制了热力型NO_x的生成,炉膛出口NO_x排放量减少;三次风的喷入增加了主燃区过量空气系数,有利于煤粉的充分燃烧,燃尽率提高。当三次风布置在主燃区上部时,随着三次风位置的升高,三次风煤粉整体燃烧燃尽区域上移,折焰角附近温度依次升高;三次风位置的上移增加了NO_x还原区的长度,三次风喷口位置越高,炉膛出口NO_x浓度越低;三次风上移导致三次风煤粉在炉膛的停留时间变短,造成燃烧不充分,飞灰含碳量增加,燃尽率降低。此外,对改造后飞灰及大渣含碳量,炉膛出口烟温和NO_x浓度等参数进行现场测量,NO_x排放浓度模拟值和测量值分别为445和448 mg/Nm~3,飞灰含碳量分别为1. 92%和1. 48%,数值模拟结果与现场测量结果吻合较好。     

煤粉锅炉富氧燃烧的数值模拟研究

以一台600MW四角切圆煤粉锅炉为研究对象,通过Gambit软件建立炉膛的三维结构及网格生成,在FLUENT软件中选择合理的数学模型,进行了空气气氛和富氧气氛下炉内煤粉燃烧的数值模拟.模拟结果表明:O2/CO2气氛下,由于CO2具有较高的比热容,炉膛内烟气的蓄热能力及着火热增加,炉膛整体温度下降,火焰中心上移.随着氧气浓度的提高,煤粉的燃烧得到强化,炉内温度升高,炉内高温区变大,火焰中心逐渐下移,有利于煤粉的着火和燃烧.     

75t/h锅炉燃烧器改造的可行性

双通道煤粉燃烧器就是将一次风分为上下两通道,两股一次风是以贴壁受限射流形式进入一个突扩稳燃腔,在稳燃腔内上下两股一次风之间设计一个回流空间,用以卷吸炉内高温烟气加热一次风粉气流,预热点火,上下两股一次风气流可以防止稳燃腔喷口上下壁在燃烧运行中不变形烧坏、不结渣。浓相煤粉气流降低了煤粉着火热,缩短了着火距离,使煤粉提前着火,点燃淡相煤粉气流,淡相煤粉气流的及时混入有利于提供煤粉燃烧所需的氧气,有利于提高煤粉的燃尽度。大大降低着火期间煤粉气流的辐射散热,提高了燃用难燃煤种及劣质煤时的着火稳燃能力。     

新型低氮旋流燃烧器NOx排放特性

为应对燃煤工业锅炉日益严苛的排放标准,提出了一种新型低NO_x旋流燃烧器,将煤粉预燃与燃烧器空气分级、炉膛空气分级进行耦合,通过改变燃烧系统的配风布置对煤粉预燃燃烧状态进行调整,研究了一次风率、内外二次风率、外二次风入射方式、循环风率和燃尽风率对NO_x排放特性的影响。结果表明:在试验工况下当一次风率从15.4%提高到28.7%,预燃室内氧气浓度增大,一次风携带的氧气可直接将煤粉热解释放挥发分中含氮化合物HCN、NH_3等中的N氧化为NO,NO_x生成量由284.4 mg/m~3逐渐增至326.7 mg/m~3。当内外二次风率比由0.46增大到1.4,NO_x排放浓度先下降后上升;由于内二次风量影响预燃室内过量空气系数和湍动强度,外二次风量影响炉膛内部主燃区煤粉发生燃烧反应的湍动混合强度,在二次空气配比变化的综合作用下,内外二次风率比为1.0时,NO_x排放值最低为211.2 mg/m~3。随着外二次风内部入射风量与端面入射风量比值由0增大到4.56,NO_x生成浓度先下降后上升;由预燃室端面入射的外二次空气射流边界较长,主燃区相对较大,燃烧整体较为均衡,而从预燃室内部入射的外二次风促进了预燃室出口气粉混合物在炉膛内与助燃空气的混合;当外二次风内部、端面射流风率比为0.25时,煤粉在预燃室出口区域的湍动强度提高,在局部还原性气氛下,NO_x生成浓度有最低值230.9 mg/m~3。当循环风率从0增大到30.6%时,内外二次风中氧气浓度降低,预燃室和炉膛主燃区还原性气氛增强,挥发分中含氮化合物HCN、NH_3等中的N迁移形成N_2的概率增加,NO_x排放量由250.7 mg/m~3逐渐降低到221.1 mg/m~3。随着燃尽风率由0提高到29%,NO_x排放值先减小后增大;燃尽风率提高时二次风率随之降低,内外二次风湍动扩散能力减弱,主燃区还原性气氛增强;燃尽风率进一步提高使得主燃区氧量不足,燃尽区氧化性氛围较强,大量焦炭和含氮化合物在燃尽区发生氧化反应,导致NO_x生成量增加;当燃尽风率为19.6%时,NO_x生成值最低为253.5 mg/m~3。整体上,当一次风率为17%～19%,内外二次风率比为0.8～1.0,外二次风由预燃室端面入射,循环风率为15%～20%,燃尽风率为19%～22%时,NO_x排放值为212～231 mg/m~3,相比试验工况下最大NO_x排放量下降29%～35%。     

风速对骨料烘干煤粉燃烧器排放特性的影响

基于煤粉燃烧机理,结合骨料烘干工艺,建立了骨料烘干煤粉燃烧器内部场的控制模型,采用Fluent软件模拟煤粉燃烧器内部燃烧状况,考察了一、二、三次风的风速对煤粉燃烧器中心轴线处CO, CO2, NO和SO2浓度的影响。结果表明,在研究的风速范围内,一、二、三次风风速越大燃烧越充分,一、二、三次风风速越小,产生的NO越少;三次风风速为40 m/s时,SO2浓度最低;较合理的控制参数为一次风风速30~35 m/s,二次风风速45~50 m/s,三次风风速30~40 m/s。     

新型干法窑内用风量匹配关系及设计

根据预分解窑系统煤粉燃烧的特点,探讨了窑系统平衡问题,即保持发热能力与传热能力及煅烧能力与预热预分解能力的平衡和稳定的要求。通过调整三次风门开度和燃烧器旋流风速观察到分解炉内温度、风压及气体组分和窑筒体温度变化的结果,结合计算流体力学（CFD）技术对分解炉和窑内煅烧气氛进行的模拟,探讨分解炉处三次风与窑风风量的匹配和燃烧器内部旋流风速与直流风速的匹配关系。同时通过ID风机转速和增湿塔出口温度变化对窑系统的影响,指出风和温度之间的相互影响相互制约的关系。     

基于回流区特性对水泥回转窑减排NOx的分析

本文提出基于回流区特性实现NOx的减排,并运用FLUENT软件对某2500 t/d线用四通道煤粉燃烧器回流区进行了冷态模拟,研究了燃烧器不同风道的风量变化对回流区的影响,并根据模拟结果进行了调整.结果表明:回流区面积及烟气回流量与内旋流风风量大小成正相关,而轴流风和外旋流风单独改变对回流区特性影响很小;增加内旋流风风量可显著降低烟室NO含量,NO降低约53％;证实了烟气回流的增加可减少回转窑内NOx生成量的推论.     

Effect of primary air flow types on particle distributions in the near swirl burner region

A three-component particle-dynamics anemometry is used to measure, in the near-burner region, the characteristics of gas-particle two phase flows with two swirl burners with different primary air flow types, on a gas-particle two phase test facility. One burner is the radial bias combustion swirl pulverized coal burner whose primary air is non-swirl, and the other is the swirl burner whose primary air is swirl. With the former one, particle volume fluxes, particle volume fractions and particle number concentrations are bigger near the edge of central recirculation zone, and the particle volume fractions and the particle number concentrations are also bigger in the central recirculation zone. With the latter one, the particle volume fluxes and particle number concentrations are less near the edge of the central recirculation zone, and they are bigger in the wall zone. The influence of gas-particle flow characteristics on combustion has been analyzed, and the theory of air-surrounding-coal combustion is given.     

预燃室对逆喷旋流煤粉燃烧器流场特性作用研究

煤粉高效低氮燃烧技术是煤炭高效利用领域持续关注的热点。煤粉燃烧器作为煤粉锅炉的核心设备,研究适合多煤种、宽负荷条件的煤粉燃烧器设计原理及技术至关重要。逆喷射流稳燃机理大都应用在航空发动机和燃气轮机领域,在煤粉燃烧领域应用极少。前人大量研究了预燃室对旋流燃烧器流场特性的影响,但鲜见预燃室对逆喷旋流燃烧器流场影响的相关研究。为了探究预燃室对逆喷旋流煤粉燃烧器流场特性的影响规律,笔者针对一款20 t/h逆喷旋流燃烧器,基于等温模化原理建立冷态燃烧器模型,利用热线风速仪和飘带法进行了流场测试和分析,结果表明:预燃室的存在不改变逆喷旋流煤粉燃烧器回流区环形的形状,但在逆喷旋流煤粉燃烧器内形成一个有利于煤粉着火的轴向速度低和湍流强度大的回流区。在X/D<1.3区域内,由于圆锥形预燃室对气流的挤压作用,预燃室的存在对回流区的面积起到抑制作用;在1.32.3区域内,预燃室对燃烧器内部流场的作用减弱,可忽略不计。在预燃室的作用下,回流区最宽处的直径从0.97D降至0.86D,最大相对回流率位置从截面X/D=1后移到截面X/D=1.6处,相对回流率从1.17减小至0.99。预燃室的存在对二次风区域内的轴向平均速度和湍流度分布规律影响较大。无预燃室工况下,在X/D<0.6区域内,速度和湍流度均出现峰值,在X/D>1.6区域内峰值消失,内外二次风完全混合;有预燃室工况下,在X/D<0.6区域速度沿着径向方向逐渐增大,湍流度沿着径向方向逐渐减小,在X/D>1.6区域,速度和湍流度沿着径向方向分布均匀。预燃室的存在有利于回流区煤粉的稳定燃烧,工程应用中起到煤粉迅速着火以及难燃煤稳定燃烧的作用。另外预燃室壁面气流速度较大,刚性强,避免预燃室壁面超温或结焦现象的发生,延长了煤粉燃烧器无故障运行时间和整体的使用寿命。     

逆向射流燃烧技术研究进展

逆向射流燃烧技术是可同时适用于燃气和燃煤领域的高效低污染燃烧技术,逆喷结构和射流流速比决定了其流场特性。笔者综述了逆向射流燃烧技术在燃气和燃煤领域的发展历史、研究现状和发展趋势。在燃气领域,逆向射流主要起稳定火焰作用,具有良好的燃料-空气混合条件,形成一个近似均匀的热流场,避免燃烧过程中出现局部热点,但目前仅为一种为燃气轮机和飞机发动机提供的探索性技术,工程应用还需克服燃料和空气在一个狭小空间里的流场合理控制以及从简化装置到工程放大等问题。在燃煤领域,对于煤粉燃烧器,逆向射流可形成一个可控组分、大小、形状和位置的回流区,且将煤粉直接送进回流区,还可控制煤粉在回流区内的停留时间,该技术与传统火焰稳定方式相比,火焰稳定能力更强、停留时间更长、污染更低,更适用于低阶煤的高效燃烧,目前,逆向射流燃烧技术耦合其他稳燃、低氮技术为煤粉高效清洁利用发展提供了新方向,且已有实际工程应用,但对于其机理研究不够深入,限制了其进一步发展与推广。对于电站锅炉,部分一次风或燃尽风逆向偏转射入炉内,可缓解四角切圆燃烧方式下炉膛出口烟气的烟速和烟温偏差,目前主要是燃尽风反切的工业应用,但如何合理控制燃尽风反切角度、反切动量以及反切层数等关键问题还需进一步研究。     

Factors influencing the ignition of flames from air-fired swirl pf burners retrofitted to oxy-fuel

Combustion tests were undertaken in a vertical pilot-scale furnace (1.2 MWt) at the IHI test facility in Aioi, Japan, to compare the performance of an air fired swirl burner retrofitted to oxy fired pf coal combustion with the oxy fired feed conditions established to match the furnace heat transfer for the air fired case. A turn down test at a reduced load was also conducted to study the impact on flame stability and furnace performance.Experimental results include gas temperature measurements using pyrometry to infer the ignition location of the flames, flue gas composition analysis, and residence time and carbon burnout. Theoretical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling studies using the Fluent 6.2 code were made to infer mechanisms for flame ignition changes.Previous research has identified that differences in the gas compositions of air and oxy systems increase particle ignition times and reduce flame propagation velocity in laminar systems. The current study also suggests changes in jet aerodynamics, due to burner primary and secondary velocity differences (and hence the momentum flux ratio of the flows) also influence flame shape and type.For the oxy fuel retrofit considered, the higher momentum flux of the primary stream of the oxy-fuel burner causes the predicted ignition to be delayed and occur further distant from the burner nozzle, with the difference being accentuated at low load. However, the study was limited to experimental flames being all Type-0 (low swirl with no internal recirculation), and therefore future work consider higher swirl flames (with internal recirculation) more common in industry.     

Combustion characteristics of a two-stage swirl-flow fluidized bed combustor

In order to investigate the combustion characteristics of a two-stage swirl-flow fluidized bed combustor, combustion experiments of low-grade anthracite coal were performed. Experimental parameters were the fluidizing air velocity, coal feed rates, bed temperature, stoichiometric air ratio, swirl nozzle diameter and rotational diameter. The experimental results showed that, due to the swirl flow, the elutriation rates of fines were lower than those of the single-stage fluidized bed combustor. The combustible contents of the ash in the outflow streams were also reduced. Therefore, the combustion efficiency of the two-stage swirl-flow fluidized bed combustor was 20% greater than that of the single-stage fluidized bed combustor under the same operating conditions.     

新型液排渣燃烧器内燃烧特性的数值模拟

通过数值模拟的方式,研究了新型液排渣燃烧器在不同过量空气系数下的速度、温度以及组分浓度的分布情况.结果表明,在较小的过量空气系数(α=0.7,0.8)时,煤的燃尽情况较差;α≥1.0时,煤粉燃烧更完全,但却不利于氮氧化物的控制.采用分级燃烧的方式,控制燃烧器内为欠氧燃烧(取α=0.9)以降低局部氧浓度,既能达到液态排渣要求,又可抑制NOx的生成,并在高温烟气进入炉膛降温之后再补充燃尽风,使得可燃成分在炉膛内再次燃烧,提高燃尽率.通过模拟与实验相结合的方式,对燃烧器进行三种不同负荷下的热态实验研究,该燃烧器负荷适应性好,模拟结果与实验结果相吻合.     

On the effects of firing semi-anthracite and bituminous coal under oxy-fuel firing conditions

Traditional wisdom has lead to the design of a boiler being dictated by its fuel. Typically, lignite requires a large boiler to accommodate the moisture content and ash behaviour and anthracite needs a design with a long residence time to allow for complete combustion. Thus the result is that different boiler designs are required for different fuel types. This work demonstrates that it is possible to fire under oxy-fuel firing conditions different fuels in potentially a single combustion environment. In the present work a short series of scoping tests firing Russian semi-anthracite under air and oxy-fuel firing conditions on the RWEnpower Combustion Test Facility (CTF) have been performed and result compared to firing a South African bituminous coal. An IFRF swirl burner was used. The purpose behind this work was to determine whether oxy-fuel firing offered the potential for firing a wider range of coal qualities on a swirl stabilised burner than is conventional showing that stable combustion can be achieved with semi-anthracite as with bituminous coal. In this short communication, it is shown that this is possible. Flame photographs of the Russian semi-anthracite coal fired on air and under oxy-fuel firing conditions at recycle ratios of 75%, 72% and 68% were taken. The air firing condition produced a non-luminous flame in the near burner region. For oxy-fuel firing at 75% recycle ratio, the flame is also non-luminous and more so that the air firing case. When the recycle ratio is reduced from 75% to 68% the flame becomes increasingly luminous and at 68% an intense flame was observed well anchored into the burner quarl. Radiative heat flux measurements were taken with the Russian semi-anthracite coal at 68% recycle ratio and compared to the South African bituminous coal at 68% recycle ratio and on air. In general the peak in radiative heat flux for the Russian semi-anthracite at 68% recycle ratio compared to the South African bituminous coal on air is slightly higher reflecting the effect of oxygen enrichment and the higher calorific value of the semi-anthracite. It can also be observed that the location of the peak in radiative heat flux with Russian semi-anthracite coal at 68% recycle is displaced downstream. In the near burner region, the radiation intensity is lower for the Russian semi-anthracite at 68% recycle ratio compare to South African bituminous coal at 68% recycle ratio and on air reflecting the lower (but not insignificant) intensity of combustion in this region for the Russian semi-anthracite coal.     

Computational modeling of a utility boiler tangentially-fired furnace retrofitted with swirl burners

The paper presents 3D numerical investigation of OP-380 boiler tangentially-fired furnace utilizing bituminous coal. The boiler was retrofitted by replacing traditional jet burners with RI-JET2 (Rapid Ignition — JET) swirl burners. This kind of solution is unique in power generation systems. The purpose of this work is to show how the flow, combustion performance and heat exchange in the furnace are affected by introducing rapid ignition phenomena in RI-JET2 burners instead of delayed ignition associated with the traditional jet burners. Results were compared to simulations of similarly designed boiler equipped with traditional jet burners. Furnace simulation was preceded with a single RI-JET2 burner simulation at the inlet to a virtual combustion chamber. The results have shown that pulverized coal (PC) concentrator separates the PC into two streams: concentric with fine particles and axial with coarse particles. Stable flame operation was noticed even without secondary and tertiary air swirl. 3D simulations of combustion chamber have shown that in a burner zone a visibly isolated, concentrated flame exists in the furnace axis. This kind of flame shape reduces corrosion risk and furnace walls slagging as a result of RI-JET2 burner's long range.     

二次风温度对回转窑内煤粉燃烧特性影响的研究

回转窑内煤粉燃烧为产品煅烧提供了热源,研究二次风温度对火焰形状、烟气流场及温度分布的影响,可为优化燃烧器的操作参数与结构参数提供依据.本文以一四风道煤粉燃烧器及φ4 m×60 m的回转窑为对象,应用Fluent软件,研究了以煤粉为燃料,二次风温度分别为1000 K、1250 K、1373 K、1550 K时,回转窑内火焰性能、烟气流场及温度分布情况.结果表明:对给定的四风道煤粉燃烧器,二次风温度为1373 K时,火焰最高温度达到2000K,回转窑内火焰形状成良好的棒槌状,火焰温度分布符合水泥生产的要求.     

NO emission on pulverized coal combustion in high temperature air from circulating fluidized bed – An experimental study

High temperature air was adopted by combustion in high excess air ratio in a circulating fluidized bed. Experiments on pulverized coal combustion in high temperature air from the circulating fluidized bed were carried out in a down-fired combustor with the diameter of 220 mm and the height of 3000 mm. The NO emission decreases with increasing the residence time of pulverized coal in the reducing zone, and the NO emission increases with excess air ratio, furnace temperature, coal mean size and oxygen concentration in high temperature air. The results also revealed that the co-existing of air-staging combustion with high temperature air is very effective to reduce nitrogen oxide emission for pulverized coal combustion in the down-fired combustor.