Ti-Al/TiC陶瓷基复合材料烧结过程的研究

用DTA方法分析了Ti—Al／TiC陶瓷基复合材料的烧结过程，测定了材料的力学性能，分析了不同的烧结制度对材料性能的影响。实验结果表明：温度升高至500℃以上时，Ti与Al发生反应Ti 3A1→Al3Ti，Al3Ti 2Ti→3TiAl，TiAl 2Ti→Ti3Al，依次生成A13Ti，TiAl和Ti3Al，这一过程为放热过程。继续升温至900℃以上时，体系出现吸热现象。分析认为，在最高温度1600℃，压力30MPa烧结时得到的材料室温力学性能优于在最高温度1520℃，压力17.3MPa烧结时得到的材料的室温力学性能。     

B4C／Al2O3／TiC复合陶瓷的力学性能和微观结构

利用热压烧结工艺成功制备了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷.探讨了TiC含量对B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷力学性能和显微结构的影响,并研究了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷的增韧机制.结果表明,在烧结过程中B4C与TiC发生原位反应,生成了TiB2.发生原位反应有效的降低了B4C/Al2O3复合陶瓷的致密化烧结温度;B4C/Al2O3复合陶瓷烧结温度为2150℃,B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷的烧结温度为1900℃.而且,原位反应提高了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷相对密度和力学性能.裂纹偏转和裂纹钉扎是B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合材料主要增韧机制.     

TiC_(0.7)N_(0.3)增强ZrO_2基复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

为提高ZrO2基复合材料硬度,采用热压烧结法制备了TiC0.7N0.3/ZrO2复合材料,并研究了TiC0.7N0.3颗粒增强相对复合材料的物相组成、微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:TiC0.7N0.3的添加具有稳定四方相ZrO2(t-ZrO2)的作用,能增加TiC0.7N0.3/ZrO2复合材料中t-ZrO2的含量,提高断裂韧性。随着热压烧结温度的升高和TiC0.7N0.3含量的增加,复合材料的硬度升高。1 400℃下热压烧结时,TiC0.7N0.3发生部分分解,分解的N与被还原的ZrO2反应生成ZrN,提高了复合材料的硬度。1 400℃下热压烧结后的35wt%TiC0.7N0.3/ZrO2复合材料的相对密度达99.9%,维氏硬度达17 GPa。而1 300℃下热压烧结后,复合材料断裂韧性较高,为6.48 MPa·m1/2。研究结果为TiC0.7N0.3/ZrO2复合材料的组织控制及性能改进提供了参考。     

Ni和Ti的添加对Al2O3-Ti（C,N）复合材料性能的影响

研究了Ni和Ti的添加对真空热压烧结方法制备的Al2O3-Ti(C,N)陶瓷基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响.发现添加Ni和Ti的复合材料主要由Al2O3、Ti(C,N)和Ni组成,没有发现存在金属Ti.Ti由于非常活泼,在热压烧结过程中可能与石墨模具产生的含C气氛反应生成TiC,或与高温下Ti(C,N)的少量分解产生的N2气氛反应生成TiN,这有利于减少复合材料中的气孔.适量添加Ni可通过液相烧结促进复合材料的致密化,提高复合材料的相对密度,并能通过产生裂纹偏转和裂纹桥联提高复合材料的断裂韧性.热压温度为1550℃、等摩尔比的Ni和Ti混合粉末添加量为5vol%时,Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti复合材料的相对密度为99.6%,硬度为21GPa,抗弯强度为818MPa,断裂韧性为8.1 MPa.m1/2.     

原位热压TiC/Ti/Al合成Ti2AlC的研究

以TiC/Ti/Al为原料,采用热压工艺在1400℃原位合成和烧结了含少量第二相Ti3AlC2的Ti2AlC材料.通过不同温度和不同热压时间下合成试样的XRD分析探讨了Ti2AlC的合成过程.结果表明,高温下Ti与Al反应生成中间相TiAl金属间化合物,然后TiC与TiAl金属间化合物反应生成Ti2AlC.初期反应非常迅速,大部分Ti2AlC在此阶段生成.反应后期反应物减少,速度变慢,同时生成少量第二相Ti3AlC2.不同温度下合成的Ti2AlC颗粒具有不同的形貌特征.     

烧结温度对20%ZrO_2(3Y)/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷力学性能和微观结构的影响

20%纳米ZrO2(3Y)粉末加入到高纯亚微米Al2O3粉中,采用高压干压成型方法和恒速升温多阶段短保温烧结方法制备出不同烧结温度下的复相陶瓷。研究烧结温度对复相陶瓷力学性能的影响,通过XRD,EDS和SEM对复相陶瓷进行元素组成和微观结构分析。结果表明:烧结温度在很大程度上影响着复相陶瓷的力学性能和微观结构,常压烧结1600℃保温8h时,相对密度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性达到最大,分别为98.6%,18.54GPa和9.3MPa·m1/2,而基体晶粒尺寸为1.4~8.1μm,ZrO2相变量为34.6%。1600℃下复相陶瓷具有优质的微观结构,断裂方式为沿晶-穿晶混合断裂模式。ZrO2(3Y)粉体的加入,从相变增韧、内晶型颗粒增韧和裂纹偏转等多个方面提高了复相陶瓷的断裂韧性。     

热压反应烧结法制备Al_2O_3/Ti_2AlC复合材料及其微观结构和性能

以Ti、Al和活性炭粉为原料,通过高能球磨及热压反应烧结法在1200℃合成Al2O3/Ti2AlC复合材料,即是在Ti2AlC层状材料的制备过程中同时被合成。研究了烧结温度对反应产物的影响,并重点分析了材料微观结构和性能的关系。结果表明:高能球磨使Ti2AlC的烧结温度降低,热压烧结在1200℃时得到了物相比较均匀、致密的Al2O3/Ti2AlC复合材料;同时分析材料微观结构,少量Al2O3的引入抑制了Ti2A1C晶体的异常长大,使得晶粒细小且均匀。力学性能测试表明,该材料室温抗弯强度可达275.4MPa,断裂韧度可达10.5MPa.m1/2,密度为4.2g/cm3。     

掺杂对TiC基金属陶瓷性能的影响

采用回归正交法设计掺杂TiC试样真空炉烧结试验,通过测定烧结样的电阻率、抗弯强度、线收缩率,研究了掺杂成分对TiC基金属陶瓷导电性、致密性、力学性能的影响。分析发现,掺杂对烧结体的电阻率影响不显著;烧结体的线收缩率随Cu含量增加而提高,随Ti(C,N)、Co含量增加而下降,Ti(C,N)的影响大于Co;烧结体的抗弯强度随Cu、Ni含量增加而提高,增加Ti(C,N)、Co含量,烧结体的抗弯强度呈现先增后减的变化,其中Cu的影响最大;Cr3C2对烧结体的线收缩率、抗弯强度基本不产生影响。综合对TiC烧结体的导电性、抗弯强度、线收缩率影响来看,较有益的成分是Cu,其次是Ni。     

热压烧结TiB2陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能研究

以Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３为烧结助剂,通过热压制备了ＴｉＢ２陶瓷,研究了烧结温度,烧结时间和晶化处理对材料的显微结构和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,烧结体失重增加,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性降低,烧结时间延长,其显微结构的均匀性降低,对力学性能不利。晶粒直径对ＴｉＢ２陶瓷的力学性能有重要影响,晶化处理能够导致晶界析出ＹＡＧ相,从而提高ＴｉＢ２陶瓷的高温抗弯强度。     

常压烧结制备亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷及其力学性能研究

以高纯α-Al2O3粉体为原料,MgO-Y2O3为烧结助剂,采用常压烧结法制备亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷。研究了烧结温度、烧结助剂对Al2O3陶瓷的致密化过程、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加一定量的复合助剂MgO-Y2O3可起到促进Al2O3陶瓷致密化,细化显微结构,并改善其力学性能的作用。经1450℃常压烧结1h可获得相对密度达99.6%、平均晶粒尺寸约0.71μm的亚微米晶Al2O3陶瓷,其维氏硬度和断裂韧性分别为18.5GPa和4.6 MPa·m1/2。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.