急流对一次特大暴雨形成的影响分析

利用常规天气资料、T213分析资料，fy2c卫星资料等，对广西一次特大暴雨过程的的物理条件和可能机制进行分析，发现有利的环流背景使得副热带经圈闭合环流形成，促使的低空西南急流发展、超低空偏南急流加强。在暴雨发生过程中超低空南风急流是暴雨所需水汽的最大提供者，低空西南急流是对流不稳定层结的建立者和维持者，也是暴雨区低空天气尺度上升气流的建立者和对流不稳定能量释放的触发者。另一方面，暴雨又促进了低空急流的维持和移动。     

长江流域不同区域暴雨发生机理的比较研究

对发生于1998年7月21日长江流域不同区域同时次的两个暴雨个例发生的机理进行了比较研究。结果表明：长江上游的贵州思南暴雨受西南涡、低空急流及南亚高压的影响，雨区位于低空急流的左中侧，水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾。而长江中游的武汉暴雨不受西南涡的影响，主要是边界层偏南风急流、低空西风急流、高空西风急流三者上下耦合的结果，其水汽来源主要是南海，暴雨区上空低层为非热成风的对流不稳定，高层为非热成风的对称不稳定。     

浙北梅雨季低空急流特征及其与暴雨的关系

应用2004-2011年常规探空资料、浙江北部雨量资料和2011年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对梅雨季影响浙北的西南低空急流进行统计,并在此基础上对急流活动与浙北暴雨的关系进行了分析,为浙江北部梅雨期暴雨的预报提供实际参考价值.结果表明:西南风低空急流在700 hPa层上出现次数最多,自上而下减少,其活动有明显的日变化特征,早晨增强,傍晚减弱;在不同类型的低空急流中,以SJ型、DJU型和TJ型居多,而DJL型急流偏少.浙北梅雨季暴雨发生前近90％伴有急流活动,其中DJU型急流较多;夜间暴雨比白天暴雨更依赖于低空急流,夜间暴雨发生前12h即有低空急流建立.2011年6月中旬的暴雨集中期对应着两次西南风低空急流的增强过程,低空急流最大风速出现在600 hPa附近并向低层伸展.     

急流对一次特大暴雨形成的影响分析

利用常规天气资料、T213分析资料,fy2c卫星资料等,对广西一次特大暴雨过程的的物理条件和可能机制进行分析,发现有利的环流背景使得副热带经圈闭合环流形成,促使的低空西南急流发展、超低空偏南急流加强.在暴雨发生过程中超低空南风急流是暴雨所需水汽的最大提供者,低空西南急流是对流不稳定层结的建立者和维持者,也是暴雨区低空天气尺度上升气流的建立者和对流不稳定能量释放的触发者.另一方面,暴雨又促进了低空急流的维持和移动.     

低空急流对贵州夏季暴雨的作用分析

普查2001—2006年5—8月的贵州暴雨过程,从天气学角度分析了低空急流与贵州夏季暴雨的关系,并分析了低空急流暴雨的动力和热力特征。指出贵州夏季暴雨的产生与低空急流关系密切,在41次暴雨过程中,有40次暴雨过程的产生都伴随有低空急流的出现,只有1次暴雨过程的产生没有低空急流伴随,而低空急流的位置决定了暴雨产生的区域。     

安徽一次大范围暴雨和大风过程的成因分析

对2010年6月8日08时—9日08时发生在安徽麦收区的一次大范围暴雨和大风过程进行天气学分析,分析结果表明:在低层辐合、高层辐散的有利环流配置条件下,高压的阻挡、低空西南急流和低空东风急流是形成这次暴雨的最主要原因。高压阻挡使降雨维持的时间较长,两支低空急流不仅为暴雨区提供了充沛的水汽,而且两者之间的相互作用使得降雨进一步增强。通过对低空东风急流的作用做深入分析发现:低空东风急流的存在不仅使低空西南急流输送的水汽在其左侧累积,而且低空东风急流上的正涡度平流也迫使江淮气旋向麦收区方向缓慢移动,并使其不断发展,进一步加大了江淮气旋移动前方的气压梯度,使风力加大,东风急流进一步加强,形成正反馈机制。另外东风急流的动量下传又使得地面出现偏东大风。     

低空急流对广西热带气旋特大暴雨的影响及概念模式

利用ncep再分析资料，对1990～2003年期间，广西14次热带气旋特大暴雨过程进行850hPa低空急流的合成分析，结果指出：广西热带气旋特大暴雨的产生伴随着中南半岛西南急流的增强，西南急流是暴雨增幅的主要水汽和能量输送系统。另外，结合大尺度环流系统的分析给出广西热带气旋特大暴雨的概念模式。     

中国西南低空急流活动的统计分析

参照北美研究低空急流气候特征的方法，对中国低空急流进行重新定义，实现了低空急流定义的统一，并在此基础上对低空急流活动特征进行了分析。结果表明：中国低空急流主要有两个活动中心，分别位于江南地区和东北地区；江南地区的低空急流活动主要有两个活跃期，分别为1-4月和6-7月；东北地区的低空急流活动主要表现为2月、8-9月两个活动较弱期；江南地区的低空急流主要在6-8月表现出独立的急流轴，东北地区则主要在8月份；汛期低空急流活动与长江流域区域性暴雨有伴随性，多雨年急流次数很多，少雨年则很少；长江中下游及两湖盆地附近急流活动有明显的日变化。     

一次黄河气旋暴雨大尺度高低空急流影响的数值试验

通过１９８７年８月２６日一次黄河气旋暴雨的数值试验，研究高，低空气流和强对流暴雨以及高，低空急流间的相互作用。指出：这是一次在有利的中尺度条件下，低空急流诱发的中尺度扰动不断发展，引起次天气尺度黄河气旋的发生，发展，从而产生暴雨的过程。通过减弱高，低空急流的试验，指出：低空急流是产生中尺度扰动和次天气尺度黄河气旋的必要条件，高空急流为气旋的产生提供了必要的环境场。同时高，低空急流相互作用，低空急流     

低空急流对广西热带气旋特大暴雨的影响及概念模式

利用ncep再分析资料,对1990～2003年期间,广西14次热带气旋特大暴雨过程进行850hPa低空急流的合成分析,结果指出:广西热带气旋特大暴雨的产生伴随着中南半岛西南急流的增强,西南急流是暴雨增幅的主要水汽和能量输送系统。另外,结合大尺度环流系统的分析给出广西热带气旋特大暴雨的概念模式。     

THE STUDY OF STORM RAINFALL CAUSED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NON-ZONAL HIGH LEVEL JET STREAK AND TYPHOON IN THE DISTANCE

In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, numerical simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997. The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet's non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall’s feedback and reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall’s strengthening.     

甘肃夏季特强沙尘暴分析

夏季沙尘暴的气候特征表明,夏季是甘肃省沙尘暴的次多发季节,主要集中在民勤、鼎新、金塔。通过对一次罕见的甘肃省夏季强沙尘暴天气分析发现:高空小槽、切变线、热低压是引发夏季沙尘暴的主要天气系统,而春季沙尘暴一般是大尺度天气系统造成的;夏季沙尘暴发生前期高空急流反映并不明显,急流风速的突然加大和沙尘暴几乎同时发生,这是夏季沙尘暴预报的难点之一;沙尘暴发生前8~12 h的螺旋度场对沙尘暴预报有较好的指示意义,正值越大,沙尘暴越强,但当沙尘暴与强降水同时发生时,沙尘暴区螺旋度值明显小于强降水中心螺旋度值。     

非纬向高空急流与远距离台风中尺度暴雨的研究

首先对非纬向高空急流与远距离台风暴雨的相关统计进行了分析，得出：暴雨发生时，２００hPa高空一般为西南风急流（９０．２％），暴雨区位高空急流右后方，暴雨增幅时，２００hPa高空急流有一个增强转贤的趋势，用ＭＭ４模型对９７１１号台风８月１９日００时－２０日００时（ＧＭＴ）进行了数值模拟和诊断分析，认为，远距离台风暴雨与非纬向风有关，高层辐散场使低产生变风场辐合，从而导致台风倒槽的形成与暴雨加强，在暴雨增幅过程中，用中尺度系统分析发现在高空急流右后方３００hPa以下存在一支中尺度环流，该环流对暴雨的维持与加强有密切联系，它的生成与高空急流的非纬向性增强有关，在高空急流右后侧的次级环流与降水产生的潜热反馈，高空非纬向场（v场）的增强之间存在一种有利于远距离暴雨增幅的正反馈机制。     

ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT FIELDS AND SATELLITE IMAGERY CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECT OF BAY OF BENGAL STORMS ON LOW- LATITUDE PLATEAU

Based on the composite analysis method, 12 rainstorms triggered by Bay of Bengal storms(shortened as B-storms hereafter) across the whole province of Yunnan were studied, and some interesting results of rain and circulation characteristics influenced by the storms were obtained for low-latitude plateau.Usually, when a rainstorm weather occurs in low-latitude plateau, the B-storm center locates in the central,east or north parts of the Bay of Bengal. At the same time, the subtropical high ridge moves to 15°N - 20°Nand the west ridge point moves to the Indo-china Peninsula from the South China Sea and the low-latitude plateau is controlled by southwest air streams coming from the front of the trough and the periphery of the subtropical high. The southwest low-level jet stream from the east side of the bay storm has great effect on heavy rains. On the one hand, the southwest low-level jet stream is playing the role of transporting water vapor and energy. On the other hand, the southwest low-level jet stream is helpful to keep essential dynamical condition. From the analysis of the satellite cloud imagery, it is found that mesoscale convection cloud clusters will keep growing and moving into the low-latitude plateau to cause heavy rains when a storm forms in the Bay of Bengal.     

梅雨暴雨与高空急流的统计与动力分析

对1991、1996、1998年梅雨暴雨与高空急流进行了统计与合成分析。结果表明，大尺度环流形势稳定是1991、1998年梅雨期局部降水时间较长的主要原因，1996年环流形势多变，难以在局地长久维持。梅雨暴雨与高空急流关系密切，暴雨多出现在西北风高空急流的右前方或西南风高空急流的右后方。西南风高空急流造成梅雨暴雨的高层辐散场多由经向风辐散形成，西北风高空急流多出现纬向风辐散，当其与南亚高压东部的经向风辐散配合时往往会造成较强的暴雨，1998年这类情况出现最多。南亚高压东北象限的偏北风对雨区南侧季风反环流的形成有重要作用。     

产生致灾大风的超级单体回波特征

基于中国东部平原地区31部S波段多普勒天气雷达数据和实况记录,筛选出2002-2020年56次由超级单体风暴导致的25m·s-1以上的直线型大风事件,分析超级单体风暴多普勒天气雷达回波特征与其导致的直线型大风间关系,获得产生直线型致灾大风的超级单体的量化结构特征,为超级单体产生的大风的主客观监测预警提供参考.统计结果表...     

盛夏中国北方的超强区域性持续暴雨

将“６３．８暴雨”与“７５．８暴雨”的天气学特征作了系统的对比分析。研究表明：尽管这两次暴雨相隔１２年,主要暴雨落区相距５００ｋｍ以上,发生暴雨的低气压系统分别来自西南与东南等差别,而形成暴雨的基本天气学过程是非常相似的。概括这两次暴雨的环一种盛夏出现在中国北方的超强区域在气的概念模型。     

Tropical Stratospheric Circulation and Monsoon Rainfall

Interannual variability of both SW monsoon (June-September) and NE monsoon (October-December) rainfall over subdivisions of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema and Tamil Nadu have been examined in relation to monthly zonal wind anomaly for 10 hPa, 30 hPa and 50 hPa at Balboa (9°N, 80°W) for the 29 year period (1958-1986). Correlations of zonal wind anomalies to SW monsoon rainfall (r = 0.57, significant at 1% level) is highest with the longer lead time (August of the previous year) at 10 hPa level suggesting some predictive value for Coastal Andhra Pradesh. The probabilities estimated from the contingency table reveal non-occurrence of flood during easterly wind anomalies and near non-occurrence of drought during westerly anomalies for August of the previous year at 10 hPa which provides information for forecasting of performance of SW monsoon over Coastal Andhra Pradesh. However, NE monsoon has a weak relationship with zonal wind anomalies of 10 hPa, 30 hPa and 50 hPa for Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Raya     

西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨的异同特征分析

利用1°×1°NCEP再分析资料和地面加密自动站资料,通过对2007年四川盆地盛夏3次西南低涡与不同系统相互作用时形成四川盆地暴雨过程的环流特征、影响系统以及风暴相对螺旋度、湿位涡、水汽通量等物理量场特征进行对比分析,找出西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨过程中各物理量的异同点。分析表明,西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨机制的共同点是：暴雨发生在西南低涡中心附近,西南低涡暴雨区内存在着稳定的上升气流和水汽辐合,伴有明显的能量释放特征,西南低涡暴雨都是发生在对流层中层螺旋度大值区,强降水一般出现在对流层低层MPV1〈0同时MPV2≥0的范围内,都具有“低层正涡度辐合,高层负涡度辐散”的典型暴雨动力结构。西南低涡与不同系统相互作用形成暴雨机制的不同点是：在西南低涡与高原低涡形成暴雨机制中高空急流的作用十分重要,在西南低涡与切变线形成暴雨机制中低空急流的动力作用十分明显,而深厚的西南低涡暴雨高低空急流作用不是十分重要。在西南低涡与切变线或深厚的西南低涡形成暴雨机制中锋面抬升作用明显,对流层高层MPV1正值区叠加在低层MPV1负值中心上,而与高原低涡相配合形成暴雨机制中锋面抬升作用不明显,不具有MPV1下负上正的结构。深厚的西南低涡暴雨是非移动的,而西南低涡与高原低涡或切变线形成的暴雨是移动性的。     

Numerical analysis of the influence of jets,fronts, and mountains on alpine lee cyclogenesis: More cases from the ALPEX SOP

Summary In a recently published work it was shown that Alpine cyclone development depends on a short wave trough upstream of the Alps, the presence of an upper-level jet streak in this trough, and a low-level front interacting with the mountain barrier. Specifically, by modifying the strength of the upper baroclinic zone (potential vorticity) or by decreasing the strength of the low-level baroclinic zone impinging on the Alps in an initial field, the intensity of the resulting numerically predicted cyclogenesis could be modulated. The major finding of the work was that the ALPEX cyclones reacted differently to upper-level and lower-level modification, providing a basis for broadly classifying storms: that is, dependence on upper-level processes and on low-level processes.The present work extends this study by considering additional cyclones that occurred during the ALPEX Special Observing Period (SOP), and describes the influence of upper-level and lower-level processes on each. An index (I) discussed in the previous paper is examined in terms of its relative value from case to case, and in terms of its value in a time-dependent sense during the lifetime of the storm. The results show that the most powerful lee cyclones depended more on the strength of the upper-level jet or potential vorticity than on the strength of the low-level front of baroclinic zone. In most cases the time evolution ofI showed the influence of the upper-level jet to be important during the early phase of development. The front is increasingly important in midlife as intensification takes place, and the jet is increasingly important during late life. These conclusions were reached during the earlier study but are supported by the additional SOP cyclone cases.Cyclone steering flow and the impinging of the storm on the Alps had a great impact on defining its character: storms with NW-N trajectories were heavily dependent on low level frontal strength and WSW-WNW trajectories were dominated by effects of the upper level jet.With 16 Figures