腹腔镜辅助下左半结肠切除5例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下左半结肠切除可行性。方法2004年8月-2006年8月，经临床筛选对5例降结肠癌施行腹腔镜辅助下左半结肠切除。手术步骤：①置入腹腔镜探查腹腔，判断病变性质及手术可行性；②游离左半结肠；③上腹正中5cm左右切口，腹腔外行肠系腹下动、静脉周围淋巴结清扫；④切除左半结肠，横结肠-乙状结肠吻合；⑤标本装入标本袋内取出标本，腹白线单层缝合。结果5例均在腹腔镜辅助下行左半结肠切除，无中转开腹，未出现不能控制的出血。手术时间100～220min，平均120min；术中出血量50～100ml，平均80ml。肿瘤全部完整切除，无破裂，完整取出标本的边界距肿瘤切缘10～15cm，术后病理证实切端未见癌细胞侵犯。术后住院6～10d，平均8d，术后无出血及吻合口漏。5例随访5、8、12、16、29个月，无复发，trocar穿刺孔及辅助小切口未见肿瘤种植转移，均无瘤生存。结论腹腔镜辅助下左半结肠切除安全，可行。     

纤维结肠镜辅助下腹腔镜结肠手术7例临床分析

目的：评价术中纤维结肠镜定位技术在腹腔镜结直肠手术中的应用价值。方法：术中采用纤维结肠镜定位辅助完成全部7例腹腔镜结直肠手术。结果：术中采用纤维结肠镜定位后,3例乙状结肠息肉行单纯息肉切除术;2例乙状结肠息肉恶变行乙状结肠切除术;2例乙状结肠癌合并息肉行乙状结肠癌根治术（切除包括息肉在内的肠管）。结论：术中采用纤维结肠镜定位操作安全、定位准确,能降低因定位不准确而导致的手术失败,提高此类腹腔镜结直肠手术的成功率,值得推广应用。     

常规器械经脐减孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床应用

目的探讨常规器械经脐减孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2015年10月~2016年12月经脐减孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术47例的临床资料,取经脐或脐下切口4~5 cm,切口保护套及手套自制单孔操作通路,置入1个10 mm及2个5 mm trocar,右下腹或左上腹置入12 mm trocar,行经脐减孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,切除标本经脐或脐下切口取出,经左或右侧腹戳孔置入引流管1根。结果行右半结肠癌根治术15例,横结肠癌根治术2例,左半结肠癌根治术6例,乙状结肠癌根治术8例,Dixon直肠癌根治术16例(其中低位直肠癌根治术2例),手术均顺利完成,无中转常规多孔腹腔镜或开腹。TNM分期Ⅰ期9例,Ⅱ期16例,Ⅲ期20例,Ⅳ期2例。术后5例并发症(吻合口漏1例,切口感染3例,胃瘫1例),无围术期死亡。结论常规器械经脐减孔腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术安全、可行。     

腹腔镜全结肠切除治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病12例

目的探讨腹腔镜全结肠切除术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2015年6月～2018年12月腹腔镜全结肠切除术治疗12例FAP的临床资料,4例癌变者行腹腔镜全结肠直肠切除、末段回肠造口术,6例直肠下段未扪及明显息肉者行腹腔镜全结肠切除、直肠次全切除、回肠J形储袋直肠吻合术,2例直肠下段有少量息肉者行腹腔镜全结肠切除及直肠次全切除、残留直肠黏膜剥脱、经直肠肌鞘内回肠肛管吻合术。结果 12例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹,术后2～3天肛门排气,住院时间8～12 d。随访3～24(13±3)月,无近期并发症发生,除回肠造口4例外,其余8例术后控便较好,3个月后大便能控制在3～6次/日。结论腹腔镜全结肠切除术治疗FAP创伤小,恢复快,安全,有效。     

经肛肠梗阻导管治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻性疾病的临床研究

目的评价经肛门置入的肠梗阻导管在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻治疗中的作用。方法2004年12月～2006年6月，11例急性左半结肠恶性梗阻在结肠镜和x线辅助下经肛门将肠梗阻导管置入梗阻部位的近端肠管进行减压，观察症状缓解情况、腹围、腹腔内压力、立卧位腹平片等的变化，评定其减压效果。结果经3—5天肠梗阻导管减压，11例急性肠梗阻症状均缓解，其中7例可切除的乙状结肠癌／直肠癌均限期行腹腔镜／开腹一期切除和吻合，术后随访1—18个月，中位数11个月，未见吻合口漏等并发症。结论经肛门肠梗阻导管用于治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻安全有效。     

全结肠切除、回肠拖出Soave术一期治疗新生儿全结肠型巨结肠7例

目的 :探讨全结肠切除、回肠拖出Soave术一期治疗新生儿全结肠型巨结肠的方法及疗效。方法:2008年10月—2011年10月7例全结肠型巨结肠新生儿用全结肠切除、回肠拖出Soave术进行治疗,术后随访2~5年,进行体格检查及肛门功能Kelly评分。结果:7例患儿均手术顺利,无死亡。1例合并小肠结肠炎及电解质紊乱再次住院治疗,术后大便每天10~20次,6个月~1年后每天大便6~8次,2年后每天排便3~5次,大便基本成形,排便功能正常。7例患儿kelly评分优6例(85.7%),良1例(14.3%)。结论:全结肠切除、回肠拖出Soave术一期治疗新生儿全结肠型巨结肠手术安全可靠,疗效确切,远期效果较好。     

腹腔镜上段胆管癌根治切除术

目的探讨腹腔镜上段胆管癌根治切除术的可行性。方法分别于脐部、右侧上、下腹部及剑突下放置trocar,左上腹部3cm切口用于空肠端侧吻合。切除胆囊及肝左内叶下段的肝组织,切除中上段胆管,肝侧胆管距肿瘤1cm切断。清除肝固有动脉、门静脉周围的纤维脂肪组织及淋巴结。左、右肝管盆式成形,胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合。结果4例胆管肿瘤上端均已达到肝管分叉部,肿瘤直径1～1.5cm。左内叶下段肝组织、中上段胆管的切除及肝门区淋巴结清扫顺利。4例腹腔镜上段胆管癌根治切除手术均获成功。手术时间分别为270、255、270、230min;术中出血量分别为500、400、300、400ml。4例术后病理均为高分化腺癌。例2、3术后出现胆漏,分别于术后20、15d治愈。4例黄疸于术后完全消退,食欲恢复正常,体重分别增加3、3.5、2.2kg。结论应用腹腔镜微创技术可以完成上段胆管癌根治切除时所需切除的胆管肿瘤,部分肝组织,清扫肝门区纤维脂肪组织及淋巴结,腹腔镜下完成胆道重建。腹腔镜上段胆管癌根治切除术是可行的。     

经脐双套管技术小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术

目的探讨经脐双套管技术联合单通道腹腔镜小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术的可行性。方法经脐部置入1个10mm trocar（置入单通道腹腔镜）,1个5 mm trocar,经腹腔镜操作通道和5 mm trocar置入加长操作器械完成小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术。结果 38例患儿顺利完成经脐入路腹腔镜阑尾切除术;2例因局部粘连严重,操作困难,中转常规腹腔镜手术。手术时间30～80 min,平均50 min。无切口感染、腹腔脓肿、肠漏等并发症发生。40例术后6个月随访,患儿均恢复顺利,腹壁几乎无可见手术瘢痕。结论经脐双套管技术联合单通道腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术是一种新型的腹壁无瘢痕手术,可行。     

经腹腔镜固定乙状结肠扭转

结肠扭转在西方人口中占肠梗阻的1～2%。若保守治疗失败,则通常作结肠切除。本文报道一例复发性乙状结肠扭转经腹腔镜固定的方法。手术操作病人男性,75岁,4日来腹部剧痛、腹胀和便秘入院。腹部膨胀明显,X 线平片显示乙状结肠扭转,用硬乙状结肠镜成功减压,但数日后又多次复发,考虑到病人年迈和呼吸功能不良,行腹腔镜结肠固定术。全麻和气腹下,自脐孔套孔置入导管和视镜,检查发现一巨大乙状结肠袢,为自直肠乙状结肠连接部起,用抓钳仔细检查结肠,直至邻近右第10肋处,在该处做一5 mm 套孔,抓住结肠,切口扩大至3 cm 时,将结肠提出切口,做数个浆肌层缝线,使结肠固定在腹直鞘内层,缝合腹直肌鞘外层和皮肤,再次造成气腹。由右至左检查横结肠下的乙状结肠肠袢,在左上     

回直肠错吻致巨结肠症一例

患者男,45岁。1983年4月因乙状结肠扭转坏死,在某医院行乙状结肠切除、末段回肠造瘘术。术后8个月再次手术关瘘。术后不久出现腹胀,腹泻,每天4～5次,稀便。由于腹胀呈进行性加重。于1987年来我院。入院时腹部高度膨隆,腹圃182cm,腹式呼吸消失,腹壁可见走向不规则的巨大肠形及蠕动波,肠鸣活跃。X 线平片及造影见:结肠极度积气、积液,管腔高度扩张,存在回-直肠吻合术后结肠旷置。于1987年1月13日剖腹探查行全结肠切除术。术     

The segmentary colectomy or the left hemicolectomy for sigmoid cancer

The aim of this study was to show the benefits of segmentary colectomy (Raybard) for tumors located on sigmoid colon. A retrospective study was carried on 90 observations performed in the III-rd Surgery Clinic, Ia?i between 1994 and 1998. Types of surgery performed were: left hemicolectomy (7 observation); segmentary colectomy (54 observation); left lower colectomy (17 observation); Hartmann operation (12 observation). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis showed the same survival for segmentary colectomy and left hemicolectomy. We consider segmentary colectomy the basic operation for this type of cancer.     

Utilization of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery for cancer at academic medical centers: does site of surgery affect rate of laparoscopy?

Use of laparoscopy in colorectal cancer surgery is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of use of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer at academic medical centers and to evaluate if the site of surgery influences the rate of use. Clinical data of patients who underwent laparoscopic or open colon and rectal resections for cancer from 2007 to 2009 were obtained from the University HealthSystem Consortium database. Data concerning rate of laparoscopy, length of stay, morbidity, and risk-adjusted mortality were obtained. During the 36-month study period, 22,780 operations were performed. The overall rate for use of laparoscopy was 14.8 per cent. Laparoscopy was most often used for total colectomy (22.6%), sigmoid colectomy (17.3%), cecectomy (17.1%), and right hemicolectomy (17.0%). Laparoscopy was most infrequently used for abdominoperineal resection (8.0%), transverse colectomy (10.0%), and left hemicolectomy (13.1%). Length of stay for laparoscopic colon and rectal procedures was 3.2 days shorter than for open surgery. Although the benefits of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer have been demonstrated, the use of laparoscopy for colorectal resection remains under 20 per cent for colon cancer and under 10 per cent for rectal cancer. Further studies are needed to determine the factors limiting the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery.     

慢性假性结肠梗阻的诊断治疗：附17例报告

目的:探讨慢性假性结肠梗阻的诊断与治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析17例慢性假性结肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果:所有患者均行手术治疗，5例右半结肠加横结肠切除，8例右半结肠加横结肠加降结肠切除，1例乙状结肠切除，1例乙状结肠造瘘，2例肠减压术。术后2例切口感染和1例左膈下脓肿，经处置后痊愈;1例术后胃瘫，保守治疗30 d治愈，1例肠减压术患者，术后19 d因脓毒症，感染性休克死亡。2例乙状结肠切除及1例肠减压患者，术后症状均无缓解。其余患者腹胀消失，排气、排便正常而获痊愈。结论:慢性假性结肠梗阻是一种少见疾病，切除全部扩张的、无功能肠段可使大多数患者的症状缓解。     

多原发性大肠癌14例报告

目的:总结多原发性大肠癌诊治经验，提高多原发性大肠癌诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析23年来多原发性大肠癌14例临床资料。结果:14例中同时癌9例，异时癌5例。14例共37个癌灶，分布部位：乙状结肠8个，脾曲6个，横结肠6个，肝曲5个，升结肠3个，降结肠2个，直肠4个，盲肠3个。病理类型：腺癌19个，管状腺癌7个，黏液腺癌7个，乳头状腺癌2个，未分化癌1个，息肉恶变1个。Dukes分期：B期26个，C期10个，D期1个。14例中21例次手术，半结肠切除11例次，扩大左半结肠切除5例次，结肠次全切除2例次，全结肠切除2例次，姑息性切除1例次；无手术死亡。14例均随访1~19年，3例死于脑出血或自然死亡，11例至今生存4~17年。结论:多原发性大肠癌，只要及早发现，积极手术，预后好，异时癌比同时癌效果好。术式选择以半结肠或扩大半结肠切除为主，必要时才考虑全结肠切除。术后应定期结肠镜随访。     

左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期手术术式探讨

目的比较左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期根治性切除肠吻合手术时两种不同切除方法的疗效。方法58例左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻患者行结肠次全切除术30例,左半结肠切除术28例。结果结肠次全切除和左半结肠切除患者手术时间分别为（150.0±21.4）min和（201.0±30.2）min,并发症发生率分别为16.7%和50.0%,住院病死率分别为0%和17.9%,两组比较均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结肠次全切除患者术后均有腹泻,左半结肠切除患者术后腹泻10例,分别于3个月和1月内大便基本成形。结肠次全切除和左半结肠切除5年生存率分别为37.0%和32.0%,两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论梗阻性左半结肠癌Ⅰ期根治性切除肠吻合手术方式中,结肠次全切除术明显优于左半结肠切除术,建议在合适的病例中推广应用。     

Use of the sigmoid in esophagoplasty

The authors worked out the indications for and the technical aspects of subtotal and total esophagoplasty with the left half of the colon together with a segment of the sigmoid colon. The described method allows the formation of an iso- or antiperitaltic graft of any length, in patients who underwent right hemicolectomy also. The operation was conducted on 54 patients with a mortality rate of 1.9%; 9 of them had been subjected earlier to unsuccessful esophagoplasty with the right half of the colon, which terminated in necrosis of the graft.     

Defining the role of subtotal colectomy in the treatment of carcinoma of the colon.

Seventy-two patients with colon cancer were treated by primary subtotal colectomy, including 23 patients with acute and subacute left colon obstruction. There were two operative deaths and no cases of disabling diarrhea. One death occurred in the group with colon obstruction. Other indications for subtotal colectomy included multiple polyps associated with the primary tumor (32), synchronous carcinomas (15), a previous transverse colostomy for obstruction (8), associated severe sigmoid diverticular disease (2), age less than 50 years with a positive family history (3), adherence of the sigmoid loop to a cecal tumor (2), and metachronous carcinoma (2). There were multiple indications in several patients. Subtotal colectomy has a defined role in a wide variety of clinical settings associated with colon cancer, including management of obstruction of the left and sigmoid colon, particularly if the proximal colon cannot be evaluated before operation by colonoscopy or barium enema. Segmental or regional colonic resections are appropriate if the entire colon can be evaluated before operation and no associated neoplasms are revealed.     

Offene Kolonchirurgie

Open resection of the colon is one of the most frequent abdominal operations, which clearly indicates the great importance of colon carcinomas. The surgical aim is resection of the affected intestinal region and the according lymph drainage region. In this respect, the techniques employed are strictly standardized: right hemicolectomy for right colon carcinoma, transverse resection for right colon carcinoma, left hemicolectomy for descendent colon carcinoma, and sigmoid resection for sigmoid carcinoma. In case of benign underlying disease, the operational method depends largely on the extent to which the intestine is affected and can include anything from simple colotomy and polyp removal to colectomy for toxic megacolon. Elective colon surgery is usually primary, but in emergencies a protective stoma might be necessary. Standardized indication and operational techniques enable low perioperative mortality and complication rates that make open colon resection usually un-problematic even in very old patients.     

腹腔镜结直肠手术55例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠手术的优缺点、手术方法及应用价值。方法 经腹腔镜行结直肠手术55例,其中右半结肠切除15例,横结肠癌根治3例,Dixon手术20例,乙状结肠癌姑息切除4例(其中2例肝转移癌电凝固化),左半结肠切除1例,Miles手术6例,乙状结肠腺瘤切除2例,乙状结肠造瘘1例、直肠悬吊1例,先天性巨结肠切除2例。结果 54例成功完成手术,肿瘤侵犯十二指肠及胰头而中转开腹1例。手术时间平均148．8分钟。术后平均30．9小时胃肠功能恢复,且无并发症发生,术后平均住院7．6天。随访1～66月,1例横结肠癌术后23月出现肺转移,32月死亡;1例乙状结肠癌伴肝转移术后23月出现别处肝转移,开腹行右半肝切除。结论 腹腔镜结直肠手术技术上是可行的,具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快、胃肠道干扰小、术后疼痛轻、疤痕小等优点,值得进一步探索。     

急性结直肠癌性梗阻的治疗策略

目的 探讨结直肠癌引起急性肠梗阻的治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析结直肠癌性肠梗阻26例临床资料,复习手术术式及相关文献.结果 右侧结肠梗阻行根治性右半结肠切除术9例.左侧结直肠癌性梗阻17例：12例行一期根治性切除,其中4例行一期吻合,8例行Hartmann术;3例行梗阻近侧结肠造口术;1例直肠癌并升结肠绞窄行右半结肠切除＋乙状结肠造口术;1例拒绝手术.术后2例死于MODS,1例并发炎症性肠梗阻经保守治疗痊愈;病程中合并脓毒性休克、MODS 3例,肺部感染5例,心脏疾病2例;低蛋白血症16例.结论 右侧结肠癌性梗阻可一期切除吻合,左侧结直肠癌性梗阻应遵循损伤控制理论,先行肠减压或清除腹腔炎性渗液,减少毒素吸收以控制病情进一步加重,再根据病情选择有效、安全的术式.术后加强抗感染和营养支持治疗.