ESF算法的不可能差分密码分析

分析研究了分组密码算法ESF抵抗不可能差分的能力,使用8轮不可能差分路径,给出了相关攻击结果。基于一条8轮的不可能差分路径,根据轮密钥之间的关系,通过改变原有轮数扩展和密钥猜测的顺序,攻击了11轮的ESF,改善了关于11轮的ESF的不可能差分攻击的结果。计算结果表明:攻击11轮的ESF所需要的数据复杂度为O(2⁵³),时间复杂度为O(2³²),同时也说明了11轮的ESF对不可能差分是不免疫的。     

轻量级分组密码算法ESF的不可能差分分析

新的轻量级密码算法ESF用于物联网环境下保护RFID标签以及智能卡等设备的通信安全.ESF算法是一种具有广义Feistel结构的32轮迭代型分组密码,轮函数是SPN结构.分组长度为64比特,密钥长度为80比特.通过不可能差分分析方法来寻找ESF算法的不可能差分特征,给出ESF算法8轮不可能差分区分器来攻击11轮ESF算法.实验结果表明,ESF对不可能差分密码分析有足够的安全免疫力.     

ESF算法的相关密钥不可能差分分析

ESF算法是一种具有广义Feistel结构的32轮迭代型轻量级分组密码。为研究ESF算法抵抗不可能差分攻击的能力,首次对ESF算法进行相关密钥不可能差分分析,结合密钥扩展算法的特点和轮函数本身的结构,构造了两条10轮相关密钥不可能差分路径。将一条10轮的相关密钥不可能差分路径向前向后分别扩展1轮和2轮,分析了13轮ESF算法,数据复杂度是260次选择明文对,计算量是223次13轮加密,可恢复18 bit密钥。将另一条10轮的相关密钥不可能差分路径向前向后都扩展2轮,分析了14轮ESF算法,数据复杂度是262选择明文对,计算复杂度是243.95次14轮加密,可恢复37 bit密钥。     

SMS4算法的不可能差分攻击研究

为研究分组加密算法SMS4抵抗不可能差分攻击的能力,使用了14轮不可能差分路径,给出了相关攻击结果。基于1条14轮不可能差分路径,对16轮和18轮的SMS4算法进行了攻击,改进了关于17轮的SMS4的不可能差分攻击的结果,将数据复杂度降低到O(269.47)。计算结果表明:攻击16轮SMS4算法所需的数据复杂度为O(2¹⁰³),时间复杂度为O(2⁹²);攻击18轮的SMS4算法所需的数据复杂度为O(2¹⁰⁴),时间复杂度为O(2123.84)。     

Midori-64算法的截断不可能差分分析

分析了Midori-64算法在截断不可能差分攻击下的安全性.首先,通过分析Midori算法加、解密过程差分路径规律,证明了Midori算法在单密钥条件下的截断不可能差分区分器至多6轮,并对6轮截断不可能差分区分器进行了分类;其次,根据分类结果,构造了一个6轮区分器,并给出11轮Midori-64算法的不可能差分分析,恢复了128比特主密钥,其时间复杂度为2^121.4,数据复杂度为2^60.8,存储复杂度为2^96.5.     

轻量级分组密码MIBS-80算法的Biclique分析

提出了针对轻量级分组密码算法 MIBS-80 的 Biclique 分析.利用两条独立的相关密钥差分路径,构造了4轮维度为4 的 Biclique 结构,在此基础上对密钥空间进行了划分,结合预计算技术,对每一个密钥子空间进行筛选以降低中间相遇攻击所需的计算复杂度,实施了对12 轮 MIBS-80 的密钥恢复攻击.攻击的数据复杂度为2⁵²个选择明文,计算复杂度约为2^77.13次12 轮 MIBS-80 加密,存储复杂度约为2^8.17,成功实施攻击的概率为1.与已有攻击方法相比,在存储复杂度及成功率方面具有优势.     

对低轮SAFER++的差分-非线性密码分析

SAFER 是进入NESSIE第2轮评估的7个分组算法之一．采用差分密码分析和非线性密码分析相结合的方法对4轮、5轮和6轮SAFER 进行分析，结果表明：6轮SAFER 对这种攻击方法不免疫；攻击4轮和5轮SAFER 时，与已有结果相比，攻击复杂度大大减小．攻击对2^250个256比特长度的密钥有效．     

基于ESF密码算法改进的差分故障攻击

利用置换层结构的特点及差分故障的基本思想, 提出一种针对ESF算法的差分故障攻击方法. 在第30轮多次注入1比特故障, 根据S盒的差分特性, 由不同的输入输出差分对, 得到不同的S盒的输入值集合, 取其交集可快速确定唯一的S盒的可能输入值, 分析得出最后一轮轮密钥. 采用同样的方法, 多次在第29轮、28轮注入1比特故障, 结合最后一轮轮密钥, 同样利用S盒的差分特性分析得出倒数第2轮、第3轮轮密钥. 共需约10个故障密文, 恢复3轮轮密钥后将恢复主密钥的计算复杂度降为2²².     

Piccolo算法的相关密钥-不可能差分攻击

现有的对于Piccolo算法的安全性分析结果中,除Biclique分析外,以低于穷举搜索的复杂度最长仅攻击至14轮Piccolo-80和18轮Piccolo-128算法.通过分析Piccolo算法密钥扩展的信息泄漏规律,结合算法等效结构,利用相关密钥-不可能差分分析方法,基于分割攻击思想,分别给出了15轮Piccolo-80和21轮Piccolo-128含前向白化密钥的攻击结果.当选择相关密钥量为2⁸时,攻击所需的数据复杂度分别为2^58.6和2^62.3,存储复杂度分别为2^60.6和2^64.3,计算复杂度分别为2⁷⁸和2^82.5;在选择相关密钥量为2⁴时,攻击所需的数据复杂度均为2^62.6和2^62.3,存储复杂度分别为2^64.6和2^64.3,计算复杂度分别为2^77.93和2^124.45.分析结果表明,仅含前向白化密钥的15轮Piccolo-80算法和21轮Piccolo-128算法在相关密钥-不可能差分攻击下是不安全的.     

QARMA算法的相关密钥不可能差分攻击

QARMA算法是一种代替置换网络结构的轻量级可调分组密码算法。研究QARMA算法抵抗相关密钥不可能差分攻击的能力,根据QARMA-64密钥编排的特点搜索到一个7轮相关密钥不可能差分区分器,在该差分区分器的前、后各添加3轮构成13轮相关密钥不可能差分攻击。分析结果表明,在猜测52 bit密钥时,与现有中间相遇攻击相比,该相关密钥不可能差分攻击具有攻击轮数较多、时间复杂度和空间复杂度较低的优点。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.