“平均”的各种表达方式

A．受伤至入院时间3周～6个月．平均2．5个月。The duration (time) from injury to admission to our hospital ranged from 3 weeks to 6 months (averaging 2.5 months).(分词) Or:The duration (time) from injury to admission to our hospital ranged from 3 weeks to 6 months,averaging 2.5 months.(分词) Or:The duration (time) from injury to admission to our hospital ranged from 3 weeks to 6 months,with an average of 2.5 months.(名词) Or:The duration (time) from injury to admission to our hospital ranged from 3 weeks to 6 months (average,2.5 months).(名词)     

Clinical significance of EGF and EGFR expression changes in cryptorchid boys

Aim: To explore the changes of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expressions in cryptorchid children and their clinical significance. Methods: The level of serum EGF was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the expression of EGFR by immunohistochemistry. Results: (1) The level of serum EGF was significantly lower in cryptorchid children than in normal subjects at age group of 59 years (P<0.01) and 10-14 years (P<0.01), (2) The level of EGF was significantly lower in boys with impalpable testis than in those with extracanalicular and intracanalicular testes (P<0.01), (3) The serum EGF level increased significantly 6 months after orchiopexy (P<0.05), (4) The EGFR expression in testicular Leydig's cells was lower in 2-4 year-old boys than in those over 5 years (P<0.05) and (5) the EGFR expression was less positive in the impalpable group and the intracanalicular group than that of the extracanalicular group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The EGF and EGFR expr essions may co     

Studies on relationship between semen viscosity and other semen parameters, Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and seminal plasma antisperm antibody

Objective: To study the relationship between semen viscosity and other semen parameters, Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection and seminal plasma antisperm antibody (AsAb) in male infertiles. Methods: Semen parameters, Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection and antisperm antibody (AsAb) were measured and analyzed in 4337 infertile men. Results: The seminal viscosity was higherr than normal in 65.02 % of 4337 male infertiles. The sperm motility and grade (a, b) motile sperm were significantly lower in the high viscosity group than in the normal viscosity group (P<0.05-0.01). The rate of abnormal morphology sperm was higher and duration of semen liquefaction was longer in the high viscosity than in the normal viscosity group (P<0.01). The seminal volume, sperm concentration and semen pH were not significantly different between the two groups. The semen viscosity is significantly higher in subjects with higher seminal WBC (>5/ HP) than in those with lower WBC (<5/HP). The positive AsAb and UU infection rates     

Clinical significance of VEGF, ER and AR expression in seminoma

To evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in the genesis and development of seminoma. Methods: The expression of VEGF, ER and AR was assayed by means of immuno-histochemical technique in 16 cases of seminoma and 10 cases of prostatic cancer (Pca). Results: The VEGF expression positive rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) in seminoma than in Pca, being 14/16(87.5 %) and (4/10, 40%), respectively. The AR expression positive rate was lower (P>0.05) in seminoma (9/16, 56.2%) than in Pca (9/10, 90%). The ER expression was negative in all the seminoma and Pca patients. Conclusion: In seminoma, the expression of VEGF is significantly increased, which may play a role in the genesis and development of the neoplasm. (Chin J Androl 2002; 16: 349)     

Effect of NO on spontaneous acrosome reaction in AsAb positive rat spermatozoa

Objective: To explore the effect of NO on the spontaneous acrosome reaction in antisperm antibody (AsAb) positive rat spermatozoa. Methods: The rat model of AsAb was set up by artificial immunization. The level of AsAb in blood serum was determined by TAT and ELISA. Rat spermatozoa was visualized by staining the acrosome with Coomassie brilliant blue. The NO concentration in rat spermatozoa was assayed by HPLC. Results: The percentage of acrosome reaction, NO concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Na~ -K~ ATPase activity in AsAb positive rat spermatozoa were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Low dose of NO (SNP 10~(-9)～10~(-8) mol/L) increased the percentage of acrosome reaction and SOD activity, but had no effect on Na~ -K~ ATPase activity. High dose of NO (SNP 10~(-6)～10~(-4) mol/L) decreased the three items. Conclusion: The decrease in acrosome reaction in positive AsAb rat spermatozoa might be related to a decrease in NO and increase in O_2. (the SOD activity was decr     

JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

正(Online ISSN:1756-5391)John WileySons Australia,Ltd.and Cochrane China,West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityPublishing the latest researches and progress related to evidence-based medicine Editors-In-Chief:Professor Youping Li(China)and Professor Mike Clarke(UK)The Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine is the official English language journal of Cochrane China.The journal     

JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

正(Online ISSN:1756-5391)John WileySons Australia,Ltd.and Cochrane China,West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityPublishing the latest researches and progress related to evidence-based medicine Editors-In-Chief:Professor Youping Li(China)and Professor Mike Clarke(UK)The Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine is the official English language journal of Cochrane China.The journal     

JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

<正>(Online ISSN:1756-5391)John WileySons Australia, Ltd.and Cochrane China, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityPublishing the latest researches and progress related to evidence-based medicine Editors-In-Chief:Professor Youping Li (China) and Professor Mike Clarke (UK)The Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine is the official English language journal of Cochrane China. The journal     

Effect of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor on angiogenesis during mandible fracture healing in rabbits

Objective: To investigate the effect of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor ( rhbFGF) on angiogenesis during mandible fracture healing in rabbit.Methods: Fifty adult white rabbits were used for animal model and randomly divided into a control group (25 rabbits) and an experimental group (25 rabbits). The membranous complex of rhbFGF and bovine type I collagen was prepared and implanted into the rabbit mandible fracture site under periosteum. The animals were sacrificed on 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84 days respectively after operation and the whole mandibles were harvested. The expression of factor Vm related antigen (F8-RA) in callus was examined with immimohistochemical staining.Results: The amounts of microvascular formation in calluses in the rhbFGF-treating group on days 7, 14, 28 and 56 were more than those of the control group (P < 0.01).Conclusions: The results indicated that rhbFGF could stimulate microvascular formation during mandible fracture healing in rabbits.     

JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

正JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE(Online ISSN:1756-5391)John WileySons Australia, Ltd.and Cochrane China f West China Hospital of Sichuan University Publishing the latest researches and progress related to evidence-based medicine Editors-In-Chief:Professor Youping Li (China) and Professor Mike Clarke (UK)The Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine is the official English language journal of Cochrane China. The journal     

基于TCGA数据库胆管癌自噬-临床预后模型的构建和评估

目的 探讨自噬相关基因（autophagy-related genes,ATGs）在临床预后方面的价值,并构建自噬基因的预后风险模型,评估胆管癌（cholangiocarcinoma,CCA）患者的生存及预后状况。方法 在癌症基因组图谱数据库（TCGA）中下载CCA的转录组数据和临床数据,从人类自噬数据库（HADb）中提取自噬相关基因,筛选出CCA样本中差异表达的自噬相关基因（DEATGs）;GO富集分析与KEGG通路分析进一步阐明DEATGs在CCA中的作用;通过Cox回归分析构建自噬预后风险评分模型,并运用生存分析、风险曲线、ROC曲线及独立预后分析验证预后模型的准确性。结果 CCA组织样本和非肿瘤组织样本一共筛选出49 个DEATGs（上调的基因48 个,下调的基因1 个）;通过单因素Cox回归分析及多因素Cox回归分析筛选出5个最有预后价值的基因（RHEB、PPP1R15A、ATG101、BNIP3、NRG1）,并基于这5个基因构建自噬预后风险评分模型,模型公式为：风险值=NRG1表达量×1.1207+BNIP3表达量×1.4002+ATG101表达量×1.3457-PPP1R15A表达量×1.1613-RHEB表达量×1.3279。生存分析表明低风险组的生存率要显著高于高风险组,风险曲线表明患者风险值与生存时间及生存状态显著相关,ROC曲线提示自噬预后模型具有良好的准确性,是一个独立的预后因素（HR 1.427,95%CI 1.161～1.756,P＜0.001）。结论 5个自噬基因（RHEB、PPP1R15A、ATG101、BNIP3、NRG1）构建的自噬相关预后风险模型,可以有效预测CCA患者的预后情况。     

基于免疫相关基因标签的原发性肝癌预后评分系统的建立

背景与目的:原发性肝癌(HCC)是最常见的预后较差的恶性肿瘤之一,其病因与发病机制尚未完全明了,因此,寻找HCC患者可靠的预后指标与生存生物标志物具有重要的临床价值。本研究通过生物信息学方法筛选HCC预后免疫相关基因,并构建基于免疫相关基因标签的预后风险评分模型,为HCC患者的预后评估及个体化治疗的临床决策提供依据。方法:从TCGA数据库获取HCC患者的临床信息以及RNA-seq数据(377个HCC样本和50个相邻的非癌组织样本)。在Immport数据库中下载免疫相关基因资料,使用R语言的limma包在HCC组织中筛选出差异表达的免疫相关基因。利用单变量和多变量Cox比例风险回归模型鉴定出与HCC患者(377个HCC患者中临床资料完整的344例)总体生存率(OS)密切相关的免疫相关基因,并以此构建基于基因标签的预后风险评分模型,对HCC患者预后风险进行评分。同时从上述模型样本中随机抽取50%的病例(172例)为验证样本行内部验证。用Kaplan-Meier方法分析高风险分与低风险分患者的生存状态,用ROC曲线以及C-index分析评估该风险评分的准确性。最后,分析该风险评分与HCC临床病理特征的关系,并采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析,确定该风险评分作为独立预后因素的有效性。结果:在HCC的癌和癌旁组织中鉴定出329个差异表达的免疫相关基因,其中24个与HCC的OS有关(均P<0.001)。使用前向和后向选择算法进行了多变量Cox比例风险回归分析确定PSMD14、S100A11、FABP6、RBP2、LCNL1、FCN2、NDRG1、CSPG5和NR6A1为OS的9个高风险基因。按此9基因标签预后风险评分模型划分,模型样本中高风险分HCC患者OS明显差于低风险分HCC患者(P=1.715E-08),内部验证样本中得到验证结果相同(P=2.222E-05)。模型样本风险评分模型的ROC下曲线面积(AUC)在1、3年时分别为0.790和0.733,内部验证样本分别为0.799和0.743,C-index分析结果显示,模型样本以及验证样本的C-index分别为0.715(95% CI=0.683~0.829)和0.756(95% CI=0.668~0.762)。HCC的肿瘤分级,病理分期,T分期和新肿瘤事件的发生与风险评分明显有关(均P<0.05)。单因素和多因素Cox分析显示,风险评分是HCC的独立预后因素(单因素:HR=1.057,95% CI=1.041~1.074,P<0.001;多因素:HR=1.050,95% CI=1.033~1.067,P<0.001)。结论:通过TCGA数据库挖掘,鉴定出9个与HCC患者预后密切相关的免疫相关基因,且构建了基于9基因标签的预后风险评分系统,该系统有助于临床医生判断HCC患者预后和制定个性化的治疗方案。     

胃癌lncRNA预后风险评估模型的构建

目的:基于TCGA数据库构建胃癌lncRNA预后风险评估模型。方法:从TCGA数据库中下载胃癌基因组表达数据及临床信息,通过R语言“DESeq2”包分析得到差异表达的lncRNA。采用单因素Cox回归和多因素Cox回归分析构建预后风险评估模型,采用ROC曲线进行效能评估。结果:首先以logFC>1或logFC<1,Adjusted-P-Value<0.05为筛选标准,发现58个lncRNA差异表达。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示3个lncRNA(AC097478.1、AC097478.3、AL354719.2)与预后显著相关,多因素Cox回归分析成功构建预后风险评估模型,风险评分=-0.05425×AC097478.1+0.08442×AC097478.3+0.12647×AL354719.2。风险评分高的患者预后较差。模型的5年ROC曲线下面积AUC=0.964(训练集)。结论:通过生物信息学分析,成功构建了基于AC097478.1、AC097478.3、AL354719.2的预后风险评分模型,具有良好的预测效能。     

基于铁死亡相关基因构建肝细胞癌的预后模型

目的 肝细胞癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有预后差、复发率高的特点。铁死亡是最近发现的一种铁依赖性的细胞程序性死亡的形式,不同于细胞坏死、细胞凋亡、细胞自噬,由脂质过氧化驱动。该研究探讨了铁死亡相关基因与肝细胞癌患者预后之间的关系。方法 从公共数据库中下载肝细胞癌患者的基因表达及相应的临床病理数据。使用单因素COX回归分析筛选预后相关的铁死亡相关基因,利用LASSO COX回归分析构建预后模型。多因素COX回归分析用于确认预后模型为独立的风险因素。最后,使用基因本体（GO）、京都基因组基因百科全书（KEGG）和单样本基因富集分析（ssGSEA）来进行功能性分析。结果 通过单因素COX回归分析,确认了16个与预后显著相关的铁死亡相关基因（P < 0.0001）。利用LASSO COX回归分析,我们最终构建了一个基于10个铁死亡相关基因的预后模型。将队列中所有患者根据模型计算分为高风险组和低风险组,高风险组的肝细胞癌患者生存率较低,生存时间较短（P < 0.05）。多因素COX回归分析显示,风险评分是肝细胞癌患者的独立预后因素（P < 0.001）。此外,功能性分析显示,高风险组与低风险组之间的免疫微环境存在显著差异。结论 本研究构建了基于10个铁死亡相关基因的预后模型,并且验证了该模型为肝细胞癌患者的独立预后因素,这为肝细胞癌患者的预后提供了参考。     

铜死亡相关基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的：肝细胞癌（HCC）是一种全球常见的恶性肿瘤，具有高复发率和高病死率。铜死亡是一种新型的程序性细胞死亡，涉及肿瘤细胞的增殖和生长、血管生成和转移。因此，本研究探讨铜死亡相关基因（CRGs）在HCC中的表达与预后的关系，并建立预后相关的列线图模型以及分析CRGs与HCC免疫细胞浸润的关系。方法：使用R语言“limma”包对TCGA数据库下载的HCC组织与正常组织的数据中CRGs进行差异表达分析；“clusterProfiler”包进行GO和KEGG分析；单因素Cox回归分析筛选与预后相关的CRGs,LassoCox回归分析构建HCC中CRGs相关预后评分模型；“ggsurvplot”包以总生存（OS）为结局绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线；“survival ROC”包绘制ROC曲线评估预后评分的准确性；“regplot”和“rms”包绘制列线图和校准曲线；利用TIMER数据库分析CRGs的表达与6种免疫细胞丰度之间的关系。结果：与正常组织相比，HCC组织19个CRGs中的16个有差异表达（上调：PDHB、PDHA1、MTF1、LIPT1、LIPT2、LIAS、GLS、DL...     

PI模型在肝细胞肝癌根治术后辅助性TACE治疗中的应用价值

目的 建立肝细胞肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）根治术后5年生存情况的预测指数（predictive index,PI）模型,评价PI模型在HCC根治术后辅助性肝动脉化疗栓塞（transarterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗中的应用价值。方法 运用Cox风险比例回归模型对新疆医科大学第一附属医院行根治性切除术的201例HCC患者围手术期相关指标进行单因素和多因素分析,获得影响HCC根治术后5年生存情况的独立预测因子;在此基础上建立预测HCC根治术后5年生存情况的PI模型,运用ROC曲线获得PI模型临界值,根据PI模型临界值,将所有患者划分为高危组、低危组,用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法比较高危组和低危组TACE治疗各阶段累计生存率的变化情况。结果 根据独立预测因子以及其回归系数建立PI生存预测模型：PI=0.32×NLR+0.39×HG（高=1,中=2,低=3）+0.92×VEGF（高表达=1,低表达=0）+0.87×MVI（是=1,否=0）+0.73×AT（单发=0,多发=1）+0.53×MTS（≥5 cm=1,＜5 cm=0）,ROC曲线下面积为0.841,PI临界值为2.75,Cox回归模型显示PI值成为独立预测因子。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示：低危组,TACE治疗亚组和非TACE治疗亚组术后1、3、5年累计生存率比较无统计学差异（TACE亚组：97.6%、95.2%、90.5%,无TACE亚组：95.2%、85.5%、83.9%,P＞0.05）;高危组,TACE治疗≥3次亚组术后1、3、5年累计生存率（100%、80.0%、53.3%）显著高于TACE治疗＜3次亚组（81.8%、40.9%、36.4%,P＜0.05）;TACE治疗＜3次亚组术后1、3、5年累计生存率（81.8%、40.9%、36.4%）显著高于未行TACE治疗亚组（73.3%、13.3%、13.3%,P＜0.05）。结论 PI≤2.75且伴有1或2项侵袭性危险因素的低危患者推荐给予1～2次TACE治疗,不伴有危险因素的低危患者不推荐术后TACE治疗;PI＞2.75的高危患者,予以三次以上TACE治疗可以提高术后生存期。     

肝细胞癌免疫相关lncRNA预后风险模型的建立与评估

背景与目的:肝细胞癌(HCC)目前是全球肿瘤死亡的主要原因之一,越来越多的证据表明,长非编码RNA (lncRNA)可以作为肿瘤预后的生物标志物.然而,lncRNA与HCC生存预后的关系仍未阐明.本研究筛选HCC预后免疫相关lncRNA,并构建预后风险模型.方法:从癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)中下载HCC转录组数据和临床...     

跨膜蛋白201在肝细胞癌中的表达及其预后意义与作用机制

背景与目的 研究发现跨膜蛋白（TMEM）家族基因与肿瘤关系密切,TMEM201是TMEM家族的一员,其在肝细胞癌（HCC）中的表达与作用目前尚不清楚。因此,本研究通过生物信息学方法分析TMEM201在HCC中的表达与作用,并预测其在HCC中可能作用的通路,进而探讨机制。方法 在TIMER中分析TMEM201在泛癌中的表达。下载TCGA与GEO数据库中HCC患者数据,并收集106例HCC患者的手术标本与临床信息,分析TMEM201在肝癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达情况,并绘制生存曲线,分析TMEM201表达与HCC患者的预后关系。用单因素与多因素Cox分析判断HCC相关危险因素。根据TCGA与临床数据,分析TMEM201的表达与HCC患者临床病理特征的关系。应用String和GeneMANIA数据库绘制与TMEM201及其相关基因的网络图谱。通过TCGA数据库分析TMEM201与免疫细胞的关系。通过LinkedOmics数据库分析与TMEM201相关的共表达基因,并对共表达基因进行GO功能分析与KEGG通路预测。结果 泛癌分析结果显示,TMEM201在绝大部分肿瘤中呈高表达。多数据库及临床HCC标本免疫组化分析显示,TMEM201在HCC组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织（均P<0.05）,且TMEM201高表达患者生存时间明显短于低表达患者。单因素与多因素Cox风险回归提示TMEM201的表达是HCC患者总体生存率的独立危险因素。蛋白质互作网络、GeneMANIA数据库分析显示,TMEM201与SUN1、SUN2、LMNB1、EMD等基因存在明显相互作用。免疫浸润分析结果显示,TMEM201表达与树突状细胞、细胞毒性细胞、Th2细胞等明显有关。此外,功能富集分析显示,TMEM201与共表达基因参与了许多HCC的生物学过程、细胞组成、分子功能和作用通路。通路结果及相关性热图提示TMEM201与细胞周期高度相关。结论 TMEM201在HCC组织中高表达,是影响HCC患者预后的独立危险因素,TMEM201在HCC中的作用机制可能与免疫浸润的调节、细胞周期的调控有关。     

系统免疫炎症指数与肝细胞癌切除术后预后相关性分析

目的 研究系统免疫炎症指数(system immune-inflammation index,SⅡ)与肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)切除术后预后相关性.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月在湖北医药学院附属医院行手术治疗的HCC病人的临床资料,计算SⅡ值,制作受试者工作...     

肝癌代谢重编程相关基因富集分析及ATP柠檬酸裂解酶表达的临床意义

目的 筛选参与肝细胞癌（HCC,简称肝癌）肿瘤进展的代谢重编程相关基因,明确HCC组织标本中ATP柠檬酸裂解酶（ACLY）表达情况,并纳入GEO数据,分析其与HCC临床病理指标的相关性及其在HCC生存预后中的作用。方法 下载TCGA数据库中的HCC表达数据,将50对癌组织与癌旁配对组织样本纳入差异表达基因分析,获得全基因表达谱列表;设置差异表达基因纳入标准,获得差异表达基因列表;通过GSEA、GO及KEGG三种富集方法筛选获得共同的HCC代谢重编程相关基因。采用qRT-PCR检测ACLY在临床组织标本中的表达情况。下载GSE14520数据集并将隶属GPL3921平台的221例生存数据完整的基因芯片表达数据和临床数据纳入研究,通过生存分析、Cox回归分析和临床相关性研究明确ACLY与HCC预后的关系。结果 通过基因富集分析筛选获得26个HCC代谢重编程相关基因。临床标本检测显示ACLY在癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织（P＜0.05）。相关性分析表明ACLY表达与TNM分期、CLIP分期和AFP相关（P＜0.05）;生存分析显示ACLY的表达与HCC总体生存率相关（P＜0.05）,并与HCC无复发生存有相关性趋势（P=0.05）。Cox回归分析表明ACLY的表达水平与HCC总体生存和术后无复发生存率相关（P＜0.05）。结论 本研究获得了26个HCC代谢重编程相关基因,其中ACLY的异常表达与HCC分期显著相关;ACLY的表达水平与HCC预后显著相关,是HCC总体生存的独立风险因素。