关节镜下股骨双隧道双束腘绳肌肌腱重建后十字韧带

目的探讨关节镜下采用可吸收界面螺钉固定双束腘绳肌肌腱,股骨双隧道重建后十字韧带(PCL)的方法和疗效。方法24例PCL损伤患者,年龄为17￣42岁,平均32岁。在关节镜下应用可吸收界面螺钉固定,股骨双隧道胫骨单隧道双束腘绳肌肌腱重建PCL。3股半腱肌肌腱在屈膝15°￣30°位拉紧、固定,重建前外侧束;3股股薄肌肌腱在屈膝60°￣70°位拉紧、固定,重建后内侧束。结果24例患者术后随访6￣19个月,平均9.4个月。术后膝关节活动度均在正常范围,无疼痛,无创伤性关节炎。后抽屉试验、反向Lachman试验、胫骨结节塌陷征和反向轴移试验均为阴性,术后Lysholm评分为(92.7±6.4)分,较术前(49.4±9.3)分有显著提高(t=3.12,P<0.01)。术后Tegner活动评分为(6.7±1.4)分,较术前(3.2±0.9)分有显著提高(t=3.13,P<0.01)。结论股骨双隧道胫骨单隧道双束自体腘绳肌肌腱重建PCL能够较好的重建膝关节在不同伸屈角度的稳定性。生物可降解螺钉为PCL重建的理想的内固定材料。     

关节镜下自体双束半腱肌股薄肌腱重建后交叉韧带

目的关节镜下应用自体半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱双束股骨双隧道重建膝后交叉韧带(PCL),并探讨其近期临床效果。方法采用自体半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱双束股骨双隧道重建膝后交叉韧带29例。结果随访时间12～26个月,平均16个月。本组29例术后PDT试验(-)9例,( )19例,( )1例;IKDC评分正常9例,接近正常17例,不正常3例;Lysholm评分:优20例,良6例,中3例。膝关节伸直受限2例,均小于10°。膝关节屈曲活动正常者20例,5例屈曲受限小于10°,3例小于20°,1例30°。术前屈膝30°和90°时KT-2000测定胫骨后移分别为(13.2±2.8)mm和(13.9±3.2)mm,术后分别为(4.0±0.4)mm和(4.4±0.5)mm,术前、术后二者比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论关节镜下应用自体半腱股薄肌腱双束重建后交叉韧带更加符合PCL的解剖重建和生理学功能,稳定性好,疗效肯定。     

单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建后交叉韧带

目的 探讨单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定在重建后交叉韧带(PCL)中应用的可行性及近期疗效.方法 对16例PCL损伤患者行关节镜下单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix PCL重建术.采用膝关节镜前内入路(AM)建立股骨隧道,胫骨端用PCL瞄准器建立隧道.股骨端采用Femoral-Intrafix固定,将腘绳肌腱分为前外侧束及后内侧束.通过旋转胫骨端移植物,将移植物调整为生理的双束位置,采用Bio-Intrafix固定胫骨端.结果 16例均获随访,时间8～14(11.81 ±1.91)个月.未见滑膜炎、韧带断裂等并发症发生.根据Lysholm 膝关节功能评分:术前为20 ～47(32.63±8.03)分,术后8个月为85 ～97(91.44 ±3.72)分,差异有统计学意义(t=44.20,P＜0.01).结论 单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建PCL,手术操作简便,固定牢固,近期效果满意.     

股骨单隧道内分叉双束纤维重建后交叉韧带的实验研究

目的在人膝关节标本上行股骨单隧道分叉双束纤维重建后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL),探讨其术式的优缺点。方法应用力学试验机对14侧捐赠新鲜冷冻人膝关节标本进行生物力学测试,男12侧,女2侧;年龄20～31岁。标本股骨段长20cm,胫骨段长20cm。首先测量PCL完整时胫骨后移距离和交叉韧带的应变(完整组,n=14);然后切断PCL(切断组,n=14),测量胫骨受力时的后移距离后,再将标本随机分为两组:单束重建组(n=7)和分叉双束重建组(n=7),分别测量屈膝0、30、60、90和120°5个角度时胫骨后移距离和移植韧带的应变。结果胫骨受到100N后向力量,完整组在不同屈膝角度下,胫骨向后移位1.97±0.29～2.60±0.23mm,前外束和后内束纤维交替紧张松弛。切断组膝关节明显松弛,胫骨向后移位达11.27±1.06～14.94±0.67mm,与完整组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单束纤维重建组,在不同屈膝角度下胫骨向后移位1.99±0.19～2.72±0.38mm,移植韧带持续紧张。双束纤维重建组在不同屈膝角度下胫骨向后移位2.27±0.32～3.05±0.44mm,移植的双束纤维交替紧张,协同作用。组内比较:双束重建组在不同屈膝角度时胫骨向后位移差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而单束重建组在屈膝90°时与屈膝30、60和120°时相比,胫骨后移增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论股骨单隧道内分叉双束纤维重建PCL术在各屈膝角度均能有效防止胫骨后移,股骨单隧道单束重建术屈膝90°时后移较其他角度时增大。分叉双束重建PCL的两束纤维束交替紧张,生物力学特征更接近于正常PCL。     

关节镜下股四头肌腱-骨双束股骨双隧道重建膝后十字韧带

目的探讨股四头肌腱-骨(QT-B)双束股骨双隧道重建膝后十字韧带(PCL)的方法与疗效.方法共32例PCL损伤患者,男28例,女4例;年龄19～47岁,平均29.8岁.急性损伤14例,慢性损伤l8例.取自体同侧QT-B,制备成"Y"形双束移植物,通过关节镜行前外与后内束股骨双隧道PCL重建,分别在屈膝90°和30°位拉紧、固定PCL前外与后内束.结果 32例均获得13～27个月(平均153个月)的随访.后抽屉试验后方不稳定较术前平均恢复1.1度.国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)评分A级9例(28%),B级19例(59%),C级3例(9%),D级1例(3%).Lysholm-Tegner膝关节功能综合评定分别由术前的(61±5)分和(3.9±1.8)分升至(90±8)分和(7.8±1.7)分.屈膝25°和90°KT-2000测定胫骨后移由术前平均(12.9±2.9)mm和(13.8±3.6)mm,减少为术后(4.9±2.0)mm和(5.7±2.6)mm;健患侧胫骨后移差异由术前平均(7.9±1.4)mm和(8.5±1.8)mm,改善至术后(2.9±0.8)mm和(3.3±1.0)mm.结论PCL双束双隧道重建可更好地恢复膝关节在不同屈伸角度的稳定性,QT-B是双隧道重建的理想移植物.     

单束单隧道与双束双隧道重建膝前交叉韧带的生物力学对比研究

[目的]研究双束股骨双隧道法重建前交叉韧带(ACL)恢复膝关节前后方向稳定性的能力,并与单束单隧道重建法进行生物力学性能的比较。[方法]应用跟腱分别采用双束股骨双隧道、单前内侧束和单后外侧束三种方法对10个新鲜尸体膝关节进行前交叉韧带重建。术后分别于膝关节屈曲0°、15°、30°、60°及90°时对胫骨施行±100 N的作用力,测量胫骨相对于股骨移动的距离。[结果]在屈膝角度较小(0°~30°)的情况下,单前内侧束重建法术后胫骨的移动距离与完整标本接近(P>0.05);但屈曲超过30°,特别是超过60°后,单前内侧束重建法术后胫骨移动的距离明显大于完整标本(P<0.05)。在屈膝角度<60°的情况下,单后外侧束重建法胫骨移动的距离明显大于完整标本(P<0.05):但屈曲超过60°胫骨移动的距离与完整标本接近(P>0.05);在膝关节的整个屈曲范围(0°~90°)内,双束股骨双隧道重建法术后胫骨移动的距离与完整标本接近(P>0.05)。[结论]双束股骨双隧道重建法,在膝关节的整个屈曲范围(0°~90°)内,比单束股骨单隧道重建法能更有效的恢复膝关节的稳定性。     

单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带近期疗效观察

目的 探讨单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带(ACL)中应用的可行性及近期疗效.方法 对30例ACL损伤患者行关节镜下单隧道双束腘绳肌腱ACL重建术.采用膝关节镜前内侧入路(AM)建立股骨隧道,胫骨端用点对点ACL瞄准器建立隧道.隧道股骨端采用Femoral-Intrafix固定将腘绳肌腱分为前内侧束及后外侧束.通过旋转胫骨端移植物,将移植物调整为生理的双束位置,采用Bio-Intrafix固定胫骨端.结果 30例均获随访,时间6～8个月.根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分:术前为19～58(33.17±11.71)分;术后6个月为88～98(95.30±2.10)分(t=30.20,P<0.01).结论 单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建ACL,手术操作简便,固定牢固,近期效果满意.     

关节镜下重建前交叉韧带时可吸收界面螺钉股骨隧道内口固定技术探讨

目的:探讨运用自体4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)时,磷酸三钙/聚乳酸(TCP/PLA)可吸收界面螺钉股骨隧道固定的有效方法,评价其临床疗效。方法:ACL损伤需行重建手术的患者27例,男18例,女9例;年龄21~48岁,平均34.5岁;左膝19例,右膝8例。所有患者均以4股自体腘绳肌腱为重建移植物,关节镜下以TCP/PLA可吸收界面螺钉固定股骨隧道,intrafix系统固定胫骨隧道重建ACL。术中注意股骨隧道周围的残端清理,过屈膝关节110°~120°,以使拧入可吸收界面螺钉与股骨隧道轴平行。达到坚强的内口固定。结果:27例中5例发生初次挤压失败。挤压螺钉螺母碎裂1例,隧道内脱空1例,脱空进入关节腔内3例。5例患者均进行挽救治疗后重新固定成功。27例患者均获得随访,随访时间10~18个月,平均14个月。Lachman试验:阴性14例;阳性Ⅰ度10例,阳性Ⅱ度3例。按Lysholm功能评分标准评估膝关节功能,术前平均为(53.1±3.9)分,终末随访时平均(93.3±3.1)分,差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:关节镜下TCP/PLA可吸收界面螺钉隧道内口固定、4股腘绳肌腱重建ACL能良好地恢复膝关节功能。掌握界面螺钉挤入股骨隧道内口的角度是移植物股骨隧道内固定的关键。     

后交叉韧带重建后翻修原因分析

目的 对后交叉韧带(PCL)重建失败原因进行分析.方法 回顾2001年11月至2007年5月8例PCL翻修病例,分析PCL重建失败的原因.结果 8例翻修手术中发现1例双束重建韧带的后内束断裂;7例单束重建者中4例重建的PCL已完全断裂、吸收,另3例重建韧带有部分连接性,但已明显松弛失用.8例患者中,1例双束重建的上下骨道位置正确,其他7例骨道位置均不正确,股骨端上骨道明显偏后,胫骨端下骨道位置明显偏上向前.8例均行一期翻修重建于术,其中应用自体半腱股薄肌腱移植物单束重建2例、双束重建1例、后内束重建1例,自体骨-髌腱-骨(B-T-B)单束重建2例,同种异体B-T-B单束与双束重建各1例.结论 PCL重建手术失败的原因与手术骨道位置异常有关.临床重建应注重选择正确骨道位置.     

保留残端半腱肌和股薄肌双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下半腱肌股薄肌保留残端双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效。方法回顾自2006年1月～2008年1月,本组在关节镜下联合应用半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL患者20例其中男18例,女2例,年龄17～46岁(平均31.5岁)。取腱器分别切取半腱肌、股薄肌编织成股,保留前叉韧带在股骨、胫骨的附着点残端,于ACL前内侧束和后外侧束附着部分别钻隧道,用半腱肌腱重建前内侧束,股薄肌腱重建后外侧束,以enderbutton悬吊固定股骨端,挤压螺钉固定胫骨端肌腱。所有患者术前及术后12个月行前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、Lysholm评分方法评定膝关节功能。结果术后随访14～48个月,平均31个月。术前患者前抽屉试验均为阳性,Lachman试验阳性13例,术后前抽屉试验3例屈膝60°位阳性,1例屈膝30°位阳性,其余均转阴性。5例Lachman试验仍阳性,但患者术后无膝关节不稳。2例患者术后胫骨前伤口瘢痕红肿凸起,给予切开引流后良好愈合。用Lysholm膝关节功能评分法评定术后疗效,术前评分为38～49分,平均43.5分,术后14个月为69～92分,平均80.5分,优13例,良5例,可2例,优良率为90.0%。结论应用自体肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL,术后膝关节动态稳定性好,疗效满意。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

三角韧带损伤的手术治疗

[目的]探讨踝关节三角韧带损伤的手术治疗及效果。[方法]2002年4月-2005年4月治疗伴有三角韧带损伤的踝关节骨折40例，均采用切开复位和坚强内固定，并修复重建三角韧带，恢复踝关节内外侧结构的稳定性。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，给予皮质骨螺钉横向内固定。[结果]全部病例得到16个月-3a随访，平均1．5a。按齐氏疗效评定标准：优良30例，可8例，差2例，优良率75％。[结论]强调踝关节骨折切开解剖复位，坚强内固定的同时，应充分重视修复重建三角韧带。     

Influence of the design of the prosthesis on the outcome after hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder in displaced fractures of the head of the humerus

We reviewed 39 patients with displaced three- and four-part fractures of the humerus. In 21 patients (group A) we had used an anatomical prosthesis for the humeral head and in 18 (group B) an implant designed for fractures. When followed up at a mean of 29.3 months after surgery the overall Constant score was 51.9 points; in group A it was 51.5 and in group B 52.4 points. The subjective satisfaction of the patients was assessed using a numerical rating scale and was similar in both groups. In group A complete healing of the tuberosities was found in 29% and 50% in group B. Partial integration was seen in 29% of group A and in only one patient in group B, while resorption was noted in 43% of group A and 44% of group B. The functional outcome was significantly better in patients with complete or partial healing of the tuberosities (p=0.022). The specific trauma prosthesis did not lead to better healing of the tuberosities. The difference in clinical outcome obtained by the two designs did not reach statistical significance.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.