Value of dynamic enhanced MR imaging for the differential diagnosis between ovarian fibroma and subserosal leiomyoma

Objective To study the value of dynamic enhanced MR imaging in the differential diagnosis between ovarian fibroma and subserosai leiomyoma, both of which produce a intermediate to tow signal intensity on T2WI. Methods Plain and dynamic enhanced MRI results of 45 patients were analyzed, 35 cases of which were subserosal leiomyoma and 10 were ovarian fibroma. All of the tumors were verified by histologic analysis. Results The 10 ovarian fibroma cases showed low signai intensities on T1WI, but 2 produced intermediate signal intensities and 8 showed low signal intensities on T2WI. There was little enhancement of the early phase and the delayed phase was long, so the enhancement index of the early phase (SHOO) was low and the time to peak (TTP200) was long. Of the 35 subserosal leiomyoma cases, all showed low signal intensity on T1WI, 7 were intermediate in signal intensity and 28 generated a low signal intensity on T2WI. The enhancement of the early phase was moderate to highly evident and the index was high. The time to peak was short (TTP200). The enhancement -time curve was different in the two groups, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.001). Conclusion Dynamic enhanced MR imaging was helpful in the differential diagnosis between ovarian fibroma and subserosal leiomyoma by the difference of the early phase enhancement.     

Diagnosis value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging with dynamic enhanced scanning toward pancreatic endocrine tumors简

Objective： The aim of our study was to analysis the pictures of conventional magnetic resonance imaging （MR）, diffusion-weighted imaging （DWl） and dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （DEMRI） of pancreatic endocrine tumors （PETs）, and evaluate diagnostic value of MR, DWl and DEMRI for diagnosing PETs. Methods： DWl and DEMRI scanning toward 13 patients with PETs being confirmed by surgical pathology before surgery on the basis of conventional MR scanning were carried out, and MR findings was analyzed retrospectively. Results： Of 13 patients with PETs there was 11 cases with single lesion, 2 with multiple, and had 15 lesions altogether, of which there were 3 lesions in pancreatic head, 1 in its neck, 2 in its body, 4 in its body and tail, 5 in its tail. MR findings： （1） T1WI signal was low or slightly lower （9/15）, and equal ones （5/15）; （2） T2WI showed high or slightly higher signal （10/15）, and equal ones （5/15）; （3） T1WI with fat suppression： the signal was low （11/15）, mixed signal （2/15）, and equal ones （2/15）; （4） DWI： normal pancreatic tissue exhibited homogeneous intermediate signal, all 15 lesions were high or slightly higher signal, the measured ADC values of tissue of PETs was （1.124 ± 0.252） × 104 mm2/s, and the ADC value of normal pancreatic tissue （1.873 ± 0.157） × 10^3 mm2/s; （5） Enhanced （M3D/LAVA） scanning： among 13 patients with PETs there were 12 pancreatic lesions with significantly enhanced signals in the arterial phase in all 15, and significantly higher than normal pancreatic tissue, and two slight enhancement was slightly higher signal; and 1 no enhancement. Enhanced pattern： homogeneous enhancement were 6 lesions, and the heterogeneous 4, and the edge ring 5. Conclusion： MR and DWl combining with DEMRI help qualitative diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors.     

椎管内囊性神经鞘瘤影像学特点

目的:研究MRI对椎管内囊性神经鞘瘤的诊断价值及鉴别诊断。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的MR表现为椎管内囊性神经鞘瘤10例,6名男性,4名女性,年龄范围37~62岁,平均年龄51.4岁。结果:MRI显示病变均位于髓外硬膜下,T1WI表现为低信号,T2WI表现为高信号,增强扫描显示为环状强化。结论:MRI是诊断椎管内囊性神经鞘瘤的重要手段,其MR及增强扫描表现比较典型,对外科手术计划有很大帮助。由于其典型的强化特点鉴别诊断并不复杂。     

Assessment of dynamic MRI of Warthin's tumors arising as multiple lesions in the parotid glands

We examined three patients with multiple synchronous Warthin's tumors in the bilateral parotid and described the value of using dynamic MRI. The time course of the contrast index (CI curves) was calculated from a dynamic series. Warthin's tumors showed intermediate signal intensity on T1WI, heterogeneous high and intermediate signal intensity on T2WI and a slight enhancement on Gd-T1WI. Warthin's tumors of CI curves showed specific findings. CI curves in each lesion showed the same pattern. It was difficult to diagnose masses as Warthin's tumors using only MR images on T1, T2 and Gd-T1WI. Dynamic MRI can distinguish Warthin's tumors from other possible tumors except for oncocytoma. Therefore, the use of dynamic MRI is recommended as a diagnostic method for Warthin's tumors in multiple synchronous lesions of the parotid gland.     

MRI对子宫肉瘤的诊断价值研究

[目的]探讨子宫肉瘤的MRI表现,以提高对该疾病的影像学诊断及鉴别诊断水平。[方法]回顾性分析经手术病理证实的22例子宫肉瘤MRI资料,分析病灶部位、浸润深度、信号特点以及动态增强表现,DWI图信号表现,是否存在出血、坏死或囊变。[结果 ]肿瘤多呈不规则软组织肿块,多数位于宫体（90%）,浸润子宫肌层。病灶T1WI呈等或稍高信号,T2WI表现为混杂高信号。所有病例肿瘤实质均可见动脉期明显强化,并呈持续强化特点。出血及坏死、囊变多见。7例（32%）强化幅度达到或超过子宫肌层,15例（68%）可见网格状强化。9例（40%）病例可见明显强化区内条索状低信号影,呈＂漩涡征＂。DWI呈明显高信号。[结论]子宫肉瘤MRI表现出一定特点,其T2WI信号及动脉增强方式对诊断具有一定意义,结合DWI有助于该疾病的术前诊断。     

菲立磁增强MRI对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨菲立磁增强MRI检查在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的应用价值.方法:对34例临床怀疑有肝脏占位性病变,行常规MR或CT检查诊断困难的患者行菲立磁增强MR检查.用定量的方法研究增强前后T1WI及T2WI图像上病灶信号强度的变化,采用配对t检验分析其变化的显著性.结果:增强后肝脏实质T2WI信号明显降低,良、恶性病变的信号变化不同.病变的检出量增加,显示更清楚.结论:菲立磁增强MR检查可明显提高肝脏局灶性病变的检出率及鉴别诊断的准确性.     

胆管癌的磁共振成像表现及其临床意义

目的：通过磁共振成像(MR)征象与手术对照分析，探讨胆管癌的MR特点。方法：27例患行常规轴位SE，12加权成像和呼吸门控FSE，12加权成像，并做冠状位：MRCP成像，所有患经手术和病理证实，分析病灶信号特征、形态、范围，并与术中所见进行比较。结果：16例肝门型胆管癌在磁共振成像上多呈放射状(89％)，术中所见病灶沿胆管浸润生长，且病灶范围比MRI所见大。所有胆管癌病灶在TIWI上均呈低信号(100％)，4例肝内胆管癌在T2WI上为混杂信号，11例肝门型胆管癌在，T2WI上呈等(61％)或稍高信号(39％)，2例壶腹癌在T2WI上呈低信号。在MRCP上所有病人表现为胆道梗阻。16例(89％)：MRCP分型与临床分型一致。结论：胆管癌在磁共振成像上有较特征性表现，且能提供病变准确部位，但对病变范围估计不足，MRCP用于肝门型胆管癌临床分型是可行的。     

磁共振成像对原发性肝癌立体定向放射治疗疗效的评价

目的探讨MRI对原发性肝癌三维立体定向放射治疗（3DCRT）疗效的临床价值。方法106例原发性肝癌患者3DCRT后行MRIT1WI、T2WI及动态增强检查,并进行临床分析。结果放疗后肝癌缩小缓慢,病灶在T1WI和T2WI上信号多变。存活肿瘤动态增强早期强化,静脉期和延迟期呈低信号;肿瘤坏死组织无强化。放射性肝损伤T1WI主要呈低信号,T2WI主要呈高信号,动态增强动脉期无强化或强化,静脉期及延迟期明显强化,强化持续时间长。结论MRI可判断放射治疗后原发性肝癌存活或坏死情况,能客观评价放疗的效果。     

膀胱非上皮性肿瘤的影像学表现

目的 探讨膀胱非上皮性肿瘤的影像学表现特点,提高术前诊断的准确率.方法 回顾性分析加例经手术病理证实为膀胱非上皮性肿瘤患者的临床病理和影像学检查资料,其中平滑肌瘤9例,嗜铬细胞瘤6例,平滑肌肉瘤2例,横纹肌肉瘤、癌肉瘤及炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤各1例.结果 平滑肌瘤呈圆形,边缘清晰、锐利,密度均匀;MRI的TIWI及T2WI序列均呈低信号;7例患者行cT增强扫描,有6例表现为轻度强化;4例患者行彩色多普勒超声检查,有3例显示为血流不丰富或有少许血流.嗜铬细胞瘤呈圆形或卵圆形,有时略有分叶,边缘清楚,密度均匀,1例伴有钙化;MRI的T1WI序列呈低信号、T2WI序列呈明显高信号;6例患者行CT增强扫描,有4例呈高度强化;5例患者行彩色多普勒超声检查,有3例显示为血流丰富.炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的影像学表现同嗜铬细胞瘤.其他恶性肿瘤旱不规则实性肿块,边缘模糊,密度不均匀;CT增强扫描呈不均匀中等强化.结论 膀胱平滑肌瘤及嗜铬细胞瘤的影像学表现有一定特点,再结合临床症状,术前能够作出正确诊断;其他恶性肿瘤的影像学表现无特征,仅能作出定性诊断.影像学检查是膀胱非上皮性肿瘤有价值的检查方法 ,术前可提供肿瘤部位及部分肿瘤性质的信息,有助于临床制定治疗计划.     

子宫内膜间质肉瘤的MRI表现

目的:探讨子宫内膜间质肉瘤的MRI表现特点。方法:回顾性分析7例经手术及病理证实的子宫内膜间质肉瘤患者的临床和MRI资料。所有病例均行MRI平扫。结果:本组7例患者子宫体积均增大。6例病变位于宫腔内,呈息肉状突向宫腔或弥漫性填充宫腔;1例位于子宫肌壁间,类似囊性变性子宫肌瘤。2例囊实混合性占位,5例实性占位。7例ESS病变直径范围为2.5cm-15cm,平均8.8cm。肿瘤在MRI平扫上5例T1WI 呈等信号或低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号;2例T1WI呈等及低信号,T2WI呈稍高为主的混杂信号,伴有出血或坏死囊变,其中1例位于子宫肌壁间。6例可见向子宫肌层侵润性生长,子宫T2WI结合带低信号中断或消失,其中1例可见宫颈、双侧输卵管壁、卵巢及膀胱受侵,1例子宫肌层及宫旁可见扭曲条点状流空信号影。4例合并少量盆腔积液,2例合并子宫肌瘤,1例合并卵巢滤泡囊肿,3例合并增殖期子宫内膜。病理示低度恶性ESS 6例,未分化ESS 1例。结论:子宫内膜间质肉瘤好发于宫腔内,也可见于子宫肌壁间,多向子宫肌层浸润性生长,于T1WI呈等或低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,伴出血或坏死囊变时呈T2WI稍高信号为主的混杂信号,其在MRI上具有一定的信号特点,能为该病的诊断提供帮助。     

MR imaging features that distinguish spinal cavernous angioma from hemorrhagic ependymoma and serial MRI changes in cavernous angioma

Cavernous angiomas of the spinal cord exhibit imaging characteristics that may overlap with those of hemorrhagic ependymoma. In the present study, we aimed to identify specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that could be used to differentiate cavernous angioma from hemorrhagic ependymoma, and to evaluate serial MRI changes in cases of cavernous angioma. We retrospectively evaluated MR images of spinal cord tumors collected at our hospital from 2007 to 2015. From this cohort of images, 11 pathologically confirmed cavernous angiomas and 14 pathologically confirmed hemorrhagic ependymomas were compared with respect to the size of the tumor, longitudinal location, axial location, enhancement pattern, syrinx, edema, tumor margin, signal intensity of T2WI, signal intensity of T1WI, and longitudinal spreading of the hemorrhage. Serial MR images of seven spinal cavernous angiomas were reviewed. Small size, eccentric axial location, minimal enhancement, and absence of edema were more frequently observed on images of cavernous angioma compared to those of hemorrhagic ependymoma (p?<?0.01). Serial MRI changes in cases of cavernous angioma included increased longitudinal spreading of the hemorrhage (6/7, 86?%) and emergence of high signal intensity on T1WI (1/7, 14?%). Small size, eccentric axial location, minimal enhancement, and absence of edema are significant MRI findings that may be used to distinguish Type I and Type II spinal cavernous angiomas from hemorrhagic ependymomas. Furthermore, longitudinal spreading of the hemorrhage may be observed on follow-up MRIs of cavernous angiomas.     

胃肠道淋巴瘤64排螺旋CT与MRI影像学特点分析

目的 探讨原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤(PGIL)64排螺旋CT和磁共振成像(MRI)的影像学特点.方法 选取41例原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤患者,包括23例胃淋巴瘤和18例肠道淋巴瘤;同时选取32例胃间质瘤患者和40例结肠癌患者作为对照.比较胃淋巴瘤与胃间质瘤、肠道淋巴瘤与结肠癌的CT、MRI影像学特点.结果 CT扫描显示,大部分浸润型胃淋巴瘤患者的胃黏膜完整,胃壁不规则增厚且多呈稍低密度或等密度影;常规增强扫描后,胃黏膜明显强化.MRI检查显示,肿瘤组织在T1WI上多呈稍低或等信号,在T2WI上多呈稍高或等信号.胃淋巴瘤门静脉期平均CT值和平均表观弥散系数(ADC)值分别为(65.02±21.15)Hu和(0.81±0.10)×10-3cm2/s,均低于胃间质瘤,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);胃淋巴瘤和胃间质瘤的发病部位(胃窦、胃体、胃底)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).肠道淋巴瘤CT扫描显示,肠道管腔狭窄或扩张,肠道管壁增厚且多呈等密度影;常规增强扫描后,增厚肠道管壁均匀强化,在T1WI上呈稍低或等信号,在T2WI上呈稍高信号.肠道淋巴瘤平均ADC值为(0.89±0.17)×10-3cm2/s,低于结肠癌的(1.27±0.32)×10-3cm2/s,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 胃肠道淋巴瘤CT及MRI表现有一定的特征,其CT值及ADC值具有一定的诊断价值.     

Assessment of pleomorphic adenomas using MRI and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI

We evaluated magnetic resonance images (MRI) and the value of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) of pleomorphic adenomas retrospectively. MRI was performed for 18 pleomorphic adenomas, including 11 cases with DCE-MRI. We obtained the following results on the MRI and DCE-MRI. (a). Pleomorphic adenomas showed a predilection for homogeneous intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI), heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and heterogeneous enhancement on Gd-T1WI. (b). Of 11 contrast index (CI) curves of pleomorphic adenomas, nine CI curves (81.8%) increased gradually to 600 s or increased gradually, reached a plateau, and sustained the plateau to 600 s. The remaining two (18.2%) increased gradually and decreased gradually thereafter. (c). CI curves reached the maximum CI index at 135-300 s.     

The usefulness and limits of magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of pelvic tumors.

Three cases of benign pelvic tumors are presented (2 leiomyomas and 1 fibroma). All three tumors were suspected of being malignant neoplasms because they were visualized as heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and thus they were difficult to diagnose preoperatively. One of the leiomyomas was located in the retroperitoneum and had been misdiagnosed as an ovarian tumor. All three tumors exhibited secondary myxoid changes, these changes may have been responsible for the high signal intensity on the T2-weighted MR images. Since benign tumors sometimes mimic malignant tumors on MR images, exploratory laparotomy is essential to make a definitive diagnosis.     

MR动态增强扫描在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的通过绘制时间信号强度曲线,探讨MRI快速序列动态增强在前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值方法对5例无泌尿系症状健康对照者、13例经病理证实的前列腺癌及36例前列腺增生行MR平扫、动态增强及延迟扫描,测量并计算病灶和正常组织的相对信号强度值,并绘制正常周围带、前列腺癌与增生三者的时间信号强度曲线。结果正常周围带轻度强化,并缓慢上升至晚期达峰值;36例前列腺增生早期明显强化并逐渐上升至中晚期达峰值后缓慢下降;13 例前列腺癌中9例早期明显强化,并快速下降,4例T2WI像上弥漫性病灶呈现中晚期强化结论正常周围带、前列腺癌及前列腺增生的动态强化方式明显不同,应用动态增强扫描可对前列腺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断起积极作用。     

垂体瘤质地与磁共振成像平扫增强表现的相关性

目的探讨术前运用磁共振成像(MRI)平扫增强判断垂体瘤质地的可能性及其意义。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年12月间手术治疗的130例垂体瘤患者临床资料,比较肿瘤质地与MRI T1加权像(T1WI)、T2加权像(T2WI)以及强化的情况。结果垂体瘤的硬度与MRI T1WI像信号高低无关(P>0.05),与T2WI像信号高低有关(P<0.05)。垂体瘤质地与是否明显强化无关(P>0.05),而对于T2WI呈低信号者,明显强化者较乏强化者质地硬(P<0.05)。结论垂体腺瘤质地较硬在T2WI多表现为低信号,反之则表现为高信号和等信号。在T2WI表现为低信号的垂体瘤中,明显强化的肿瘤质地硬韧的可能性较大;腺瘤质地与T1WI无关。     

骨孤立性浆细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨孤立性浆细胞瘤（SBP）的影像学表现,以提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析2012年9月至2020年9月山西省原平市第一人民医院就诊的8例不同部位SBP患者临床及影像学资料,影像学检查包括CT、磁共振成像（MRI）平扫及MRI增强扫描。结果:8例患者病变部位包括胸椎3例、腰椎2例、颅骨2例、肋骨1例,其中影像学检查误诊为胸椎转移瘤、胸椎结核、腰椎淋巴瘤、颅骨脑膜瘤各1例。所有患者均呈溶骨型骨质破坏,可伴有骨质膨胀性改变及软组织肿块。5例椎体病灶均表现为椎体压缩变扁,CT呈等/低密度,T1WI呈等/低信号,T2WI呈低/稍高信号,其中2例呈典型"微脑征"。2例颅骨病灶CT呈稍高密度,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈等/混杂高信号。肋骨病灶CT呈等密度,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。4例MRI增强扫描病灶呈明显均匀强化。结论:不同部位SBP均表现为溶骨型骨质破坏,病灶及软组织肿块均一强化。"微脑征"为脊柱SBP特异性影像学征象。     

IVIM双指数模型多b值DWI在脑肿瘤诊断及分级中的应用

目的:探讨体素内不相干运动磁共振成像（IVIM）双指数模型多b值扩散加权成像（DWI）在脑肿瘤诊断及分级中的应用价值。方法:2012年1月至2015年1月期间收治的76例脑肿瘤患者分别进行常规MRI扫描、IVIM多b值扫描,并对IVIM多b值扫描图像进行单/指数模型分析,比较两种模型脑肿瘤诊断和分级的效果。结果:32例良性肿瘤呈圆形,T1WI序列呈等或低信号,T2WI序列呈等或高信号,占位效应不明显,增强扫描不强化或均匀强化,44例恶性肿瘤呈圆形或不规则形,T1WI序列呈等或低杂信号,T2WI序列呈等或高混杂信号,34例占位效应明显,10例占位效应不明显,增强扫描时病灶均明显强化。良性肿瘤的ADC、ADCslow、ADCfast值均明显高于恶性肿瘤（P＜0.05）,ADCfast、Ffast值ROC曲线下面积显著低于ADC和ADCslow组（P＜0.05）,单/双指数模型诊断良恶性脑肿瘤符合率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;高级别胶质瘤的ADCslow、ADCfast和Ffast均显著高于低级别胶质瘤（P＜0.05）,ADCfast值ROC曲线下面积显著低于ADC、ADCslow组和Ffast组（P＜0.05）,常规MRI序列和双指数模型对胶质瘤分级符合率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论:体素内不相干运动磁共振成像是脑肿瘤诊断的有效补充技术,其双指数模型多b值DWI技术的ADCslow可用于脑肿瘤良恶性的诊断,其诊断效能与单指数模型的ADC值相当。另外,双指数模型的ADCfast值能够准确地进行胶质瘤分级,是区分高、低级别胶质瘤的敏感性参数。     

椎管内肠源性囊肿的MR表现

目的：探讨椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI表现及其鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析12例经手术和病理证实的椎管内肠源性囊肿的临床和MRI资料。所有病例均行MRI平扫,8例行MRI增强扫描。结果：12例均位于椎管内髓外硬膜下脊髓腹侧,4例病变位于颈段,5例位于颈胸段交界处,3例位于上段胸椎。T1WI图像上,10例囊肿呈低信号,其中4例与脑脊液信号相似,为均质低信号,6例略高于脑脊液信号;2例呈与脊髓等信号。T2WI图像上,囊肿均呈高信号,其中5例与脑脊液信号相似,呈均质高信号,7例呈明显高于脑脊液信号。8例行MR增强扫描,囊壁及囊液均未见强化。结论：肠源性囊肿在MR图像上具有一定的形态及信号特点,对于术前正确诊断具有一定意义。