Clinical managers' identity at the crossroad of multiple institutional logics in it innovation: The case study of a health care organization in England

Clinical managers play a crucial role in securing the implementation and sustainability of information technology (IT) innovation in health care. Yet, not all clinical managers are willing and able to support IT innovation, particularly when the institutional logics of an IT innovation challenge their professional practice. We investigate how clinical managers use their hybrid identities to reconcile differences among competing institutional logics that affect IT innovation. Based on three examples of IT innovation (telehealth for obstructive sleep apnoea, telehealth for heart failure, and electrocardiograms) in a health care organization in England, we identify three roles in IT innovation (innovation advocate, innovation broker, and innovation laggard) that clinical managers enacted in response to three degrees of conflict between institutional logics (no conflict, moderate conflict, and high conflict), respectively. We make the following contributions. First, we demonstrate how clinical managers' perception of their hybrid role in relation to their professional identity influences their response to the conflicting institutional demands of IT innovation. We conclude that clinical managers' fragmented identities can compromise their ability to effectively manage IT innovation in health care. Second, our findings raise implications for understanding the role of professionals' hybrid identities in the implementation of digital transformation at the intersection of multiple institutional logics.     

Competing Institutional Logics in the Biopharmaceutical Industry: The Move away from the Small Molecules Therapies Model in the Post‐Genomic Era

The concept of institutional logics has been introduced as the totality of beliefs and assumptions guiding actors in a specific institutional field. While an institutional logic provides actors with guidance for action and an integrated worldview, it is possible for two or more institutional logics to coexist, even over longer periods of time. This study demonstrates how actors in the biopharmaceutical industry are conceiving of a shift from the incumbent small molecules/one target model for new drug development, predominant in the pharmaceutical industry during the post‐World War period, to a more complex model where both genomic and post‐genomic research methods and new forms of in silico biocomputation methods are constituting a new drug development regime where biological entities such as stem cells, biologics (larger molecules such as vaccines) and antibodies play a role in the new therapies. The study concludes (1) that institutional logics are never devoid of struggle and controversy and must be understood as outcomes of complex social processes, and (2) that linear periodizations of the life sciences into, for example, ‘traditional’, ‘genomic’ and ‘post‐genomic’ eras impose an overly simplistic image of how new drug development is organized and technologically embedded in the contemporary period.     

Analyzing conflict and its management within ICT4D partnerships: an institutional logics perspective

ABSTRACT

Promotion and presence of partnerships have been growing within information and communication technology for development (ICT4D). Yet – despite limited analytical literature on this topic – it is clear that the reality of ICT4D partnerships often undershoots the potential, with frequent reports of failure, particularly arising from conflict between partners. This paper addresses calls for more and better-conceptualized research into ICT4D partnerships, with a specific focus on understanding the roots and management of conflict in such partnerships. We use qualitative field data from a Malaysian IT “impact sourcing” public–private partnership case study, viewed through the lens of institutional logics and conflict management strategies. Analysis of three vignettes from the negotiation of the initiative shows one partner always used a competitive approach to conflict management. This led issues to remain unresolved and led the partnership arrangement to steadily loosen. The outcome was always domination of private logic over public logic. As a result, and lacking an overt advocate, welfare goals of the partnership were somewhat sidelined. Our paper contributes by showing (a) how institutional logics helps explain the outcome of ICT4D partnerships, and (b) how the conflict management strategies framework helps explain the practice of conflicting institutional logics in such partnerships.     

Escaping ‘localisms’ in IT sourcing: tracing changes in institutional logics in an Italian firm

Organizations are limited in their choices by the institutional environment in which they operate. This is particularly true for IT sourcing decisions that go beyond cost considerations and are constrained by traditions, geographical location, and social networks. This article investigates how a company can disentangle itself from the constraints of the institutional environment. We do so drawing on a longitudinal case study of an Italian SME active in the steel industry that successfully changed its institutionally sound, but increasingly inefficient, IT sourcing practice. Our main result suggests that by attending steadily to institutional logics, organizations can become selective in how the institutional environment influences them and act more purposefully in their decisions. In particular, through the creation of companywide IT management competencies and targeted hiring practices, organizations can strike a balance between the different institutional logics guiding IT sourcing decisions and eventually shift from the dominant logic of localism to a logic of market efficiency. This change does not depend from a choice but rather builds on a process through which IT management competences are slowly integrated in the organization.     

Towards consistent modes of e‐health implementation: structurational analysis of a telecare programme's limited success

Telecare is the use of information and communication systems to facilitate care delivery to individuals in their homes. Although the expectations of telecare are high, its implementation has proved complex. This case study demonstrates this complexity through a structurational analysis of a telecare implementation process. The paper shows how structuration concepts enable a combined analysis of actors' interactions with a technology and of the interaction among these actors from different institutional contexts. In this example, fragmented multi‐actor agency induced an inconsistent implementation mode, leading to unsuccessful telecare appropriation. This paper concludes with a preliminary proposal for more consistent telecare implementation modes. These modes may better support the actors' reflexive monitoring and dialogue and inform further research.     

Reasoning about coalitional agency and ability in the logics of “bringing-it-about”

The logics of “bringing-it-about” have been part of a prominent tradition for the formalization of individual and institutional agency. They are the logics to talk about what states of affairs an acting entity brings about while abstracting away from the means of action. Elgesem’s proposal analyzes the agency of individual agents as the goal-directed manifestation of an individual ability. It has become an authoritative modern reference. The first contribution of this paper is to extend Elgesem’s logic of individual agency and ability to coalitions. We present a general theory and later propose several possible specializations. As a second contribution, we offer algorithms to reason with the logics of bringing-it-about and we analyze their computational complexity.     

基于泛逻辑学的逻辑关系柔性化研究

建立柔性逻辑体系,既是现实世界复杂问题求解的需要,也是逻辑学发展的一种必然趋势.泛逻辑学是何华灿在探索复杂世界逻辑规律中建立起来的一个柔性逻辑体系.在分析其实现逻辑关系柔性化的思想和方法的基础上,探讨了概率逻辑关系柔性化的问题.理论上,概率逻辑是泛逻辑学的一个特例,因此应该能够在泛逻辑学框架内建立起柔性的概率逻辑体系.     

Taxonomic reasoning with many-sorted logics

This paper provides an introduction to many-sorted logics and motivates their use for representation and reasoning. Perhaps the most important reason to be interested in many-sorted logic is that computational efficiency can be achieved because the search space can be smaller and the length of a derivation shorter than in unsorted logic. There are many possible many-sorted logics of varying degrees of expressiveness, and the dimensions in which many-sorted logics differ are outlined and logics at various points in this space described. The relationship of many-sorted logic to unsorted logic is discussed and the reason why many-sorted logics derivations may be shorter is demonstrated. The paper concludes with a discussion of some many-sorted logic programming languages and some implementation issues.     

Moving away from trading on the margins: Economic empowerment of informal businesses through FinTech

While there have been increasing studies on the impact of financial technology (FinTech), limited research has explored how FinTech supports economic empowerment for informal businesses. Drawing on institutional logics and a case study of mobile money—a FinTech innovation—this study develops a model of mobile money-driven economic empowerment. We argue that this model is important to explain how those at the bottom of the economic pyramid, who are often neglected, use FinTech innovations to create and run informal businesses. Our findings and model explain the dynamics between logics, actors, and mobile money at three levels: regulatory, payments infrastructure, and informal economy. We identify three corresponding effects as outcomes of economic empowerment for informal businesses: greater access to start-up capital, new employment opportunities, and improved financial management. By illustrating these effects, our study contributes to a better understanding of how FinTech innovations offer a possible pathway to economic empowerment for informal businesses.     

计算机科学中的一些逻辑理论的推理性质研究

由于一阶 词逻辑的基本特征是具有可靠性,完全性,在推广一阶谓词逻辑表达能力及扩充其推理能力时,可以定义了了一些具有可靠性,完全性的逻辑,对此,在分析逻辑理论特征的基础上,给出了一些逻辑的推理系统之间相似性的实质,证明这些逻辑在实质上并不能扩充一阶谓词逻辑的推理能力,并指出非常单调推理中的缺省推理及限定推理所采用的技术是扩充时必需的。     

The continuity of underperforming ICT projects in the public sector

There is a growing body of research on the successes and failures of information and communications technology (ICT) projects in the public sector. However, this literature has rarely addressed the question of why some projects persist and continue despite functioning poorly in several areas. In this paper, we suggest that the notions of institutional logics and status differences provide useful insights into the structure and trajectory of this type of continuity. We build our arguments through an in-depth qualitative case study of a public information and communications technology (PICT) project in India. From our findings, we develop a process model of PICT project continuity. We explain how the employment of bureaucratic posturing – a manifestation of bureaucratic logic – as a tactic by high status groups could lead to poor performance on several fronts. The paper elaborates on two levels of continuity: policy-level continuity, which in our case was enabled by the logics of decentralization and technocracy, and operational-level continuity, which was achieved when groups with contrasting status-related motivations supported the project.     

Labelled Modal Logics: Quantifiers

In previous work we gave an approach, based on labelled natural deduction, for formalizing proof systems for a large class of propositional modal logics that includes K, D, T, B, S4, S4.2, KD45, and S5. Here we extend this approach to quantified modal logics, providing formalizations for logics with varying, increasing, decreasing, or constant domains. The result is modular with respect to both properties of the accessibility relation in the Kripke frame and the way domains of individuals change between worlds. Our approach has a modular metatheory too; soundness, completeness and normalization are proved uniformly for every logic in our class. Finally, our work leads to a simple implementation of a modal logic theorem prover in a standard logical framework.     

Contextual Deontic Logic: Normative Agents, Violations and Independence

In this paper we discuss when and how to use deontic logic in multi-agent systems. Our central question is how to proceed once a norm has been violated or defeated, a key issue of deontic logic applications in multi-agent systems. To bridge the logical analysis of norms in philosophy with applications in agent theory, we propose a practical approach based on violation contexts and independence statements. In particular, we introduce a combination of two traditional deontic logics, which we extend with so-called deontic and factual independence assumptions. We show how different notions of violability and defeasibility can be encoded in the logic by defining different ways in which independence assumptions are derived from the explicit manner of presentation. We also show how our approach can be used to give a new analysis of several notorious paradoxes of deontic logic.     

Digital innovation in law dirms: The dominant logic under threat

This paper focuses on the impact of digitalization in the legal industry. The legal industry is highly institutionalized and has for long been unaffected by external changes. This has enabled the development of a strong institutional logic that has dictated homogeneous practices in law firms and limited their room for innovation. However, this seems about to change. Through a qualitative case study of the Swedish legal industry, this paper shows that new practices, enabled by digitalization, challenges common practices and puts the dominant logic under threat. By applying an institutional logics perspective to recent changes, this paper contrasts the enactment of the dominant logic with innovative practices and shows that digitalization has created institutional complexity, where digital pioneers respond to digital opportunities differently than incumbents. This paper also explains why and highlights the emergence of hybrid firms that successfully combine elements of the dominant logic with innovation. Consequently, this paper contributes to our understanding of digital innovation and digital transformation within highly institutional industries.     

A Note on Complexity Measures for Inductive Classes in Constructive Type Theory

It is notoriously hard to express computational complexity properties of programs in programming logics based on a semantics which respects extensional function equality. That is a serious impediment to applications of programming logics requiring reasoning about complexity. This paper shows how to use existing mechanisms to define internal computational complexity measures in logics that support inductively defined types, dependent products, and functions. The method exploits a feature of inductive definitions in constructive type theory, namely that implicit proof codes are kept with the objects showing how they are presented in the inductive class. The idea is illustrated by giving a formal inductive definition ofPTimebased on ideas from Leivant's work and on Bellantoni and Cook's approach. Then a complexity measure is defined on elements of this class. This paper discusses the limitations of this idea and the need forfaithfulnessguarantees that link internal complexity classes to the implementation of the logic. The paper concludes with a definition ofresource bounded logicsand a discussion of interesting lines of investigation of these logics which have the potential to make practical uses of results from computational complexity theory in formal reasoning about the efficiency of programs.     

一种新的类BAN逻辑模态语义模型——兼论类BAN逻辑的语法缺陷

由于类BAN逻辑缺乏明确而清晰的语义，其语法规则和推理的正确性就受到了质疑。本文定义了安全协议的计算模型，在此基础上定义了符合模态逻辑的类BAN逻辑“可能世界”语义模型，并从语义的角度证明了在该模型下的类BAN逻辑语法存在的缺陷，同时，指出了建立或改进类BAN逻辑的方向。     

Transforming the Danish Film Field Via ‘Professionalization’, Penetration and Integration

Using a qualitative case study of the transformations of the infrastructure of the Danish film field by the Danish Film Institute and its CEO, three basic questions about entrepreneurial agency are raised. The first deals with the relationship between the institutional environment and the personal backgrounds of entrepreneurial actors. The study finds that certain actors can be seen as possessing extreme or unique levels of legitimacy resulting in being rewarded with tremendous resources and opportunities for strategic action. The second question has to do with how, and what sort of role transformations can take place from a structurally central, but static position in a field. Here ‘intermediary entrepreneurialism’ was used to penetrate and integrate the field in such a way as to turn a structurally fixed position from a weak to a strong nexus. The third question deals with how transformations can be effected by an organization that straddles three prominent institutional fields and logics – the state, market and artistic expression. Here, the key role of the term ‘professionalization’ is emphasized, arguing that this term proved evocative and compelling in each institutional field. The case also adds to our understanding of institutional and transformation processes in creative industries by focusing on two less‐studied contexts – the role and strategies of centrally placed actors in initiating and leading transformational activities, and the role that entrepreneurial ‘bureaucrats’ can play in transforming creative industries.