普鲁兰酶改性SNC/ZnO增强的马铃薯复合膜的制备

以马铃薯淀粉为原料，以生物法对淀粉进行改性，普鲁兰酶可以专一性切开支链淀粉分支的α-1,6糖苷键提高直链淀粉含量，从而提高淀粉膜性能，同时以尿尿素为增塑剂，淀粉纳米晶（SNC）与纳米氧化锌(ZnO)为复合增强剂，采用流延法制备复合膜。以单因素试实验验 研究考察了增塑剂种类及用量、增强剂种类及用量对复合膜性能的影响。普鲁兰酶可以专一性切开支链淀粉分支的α-1,6糖苷键提高直链淀粉含量，从而提高淀粉膜性能。 以利用正交实验试验法探究淀粉酶解工艺，以复合膜的拉伸强度为指标，得到马铃薯淀粉的最佳酶解工艺为：酶用量0.8U/g，反应温度50℃，pHpH 4.0，反应时间2h。与未经酶处理的复合膜相比，马铃薯淀粉复合膜拉伸强度增加19%，断裂伸长率增加42.8%，透明度增加5.6%，雾度下降67.4%，水蒸气透过系数下降98.4%，透油系数下降52.6%。     

电子级玻璃纤维用改性高直链淀粉合成研究

以高直链淀粉为原料、甲醇为溶剂、环氧丙烷为醚化剂、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,以聚乙二醇和烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚为复合催化剂,对电子级玻璃纤维浸润剂用改性高直链淀粉的合成工艺进行了研究。最佳工艺条件是反应温度为55℃,醚化剂用量为淀粉的16%,交联剂用量为淀粉的0.8%,反应时间为16 h,取代度约0.2。     

乙酰化淀粉/壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能研究

首先对马铃薯淀粉进行乙酰化处理,然后采用共混法制备出乙酰化淀粉/壳聚糖复合膜,并分别考察了乙酸酐用量、壳聚糖用量、交联剂(乙二醛)用量、增塑剂(甘油)用量和反应温度等对复合膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:乙酰化淀粉可降低淀粉的结晶度,壳聚糖可改善复合膜的力学性能,甘油可改善复合膜的可塑性,乙二醛及PVA(聚乙烯醇)可提高复合膜的力学强度;当m(乙酸酐)=0.15 g、m(壳聚糖)=1.5 g、m(乙二醛)=0.3 g、V(甘油)=3 mL、V(PVA)=8 mL和反应温度为60℃时,复合膜的综合性能相对最好,其拉伸强度(8.55 MPa)相对最大。     

普鲁兰酶改性SNC-ZnO增强马铃薯复合膜的制备

用普鲁兰酶对马铃薯淀粉进行改性,以尿素为增塑剂,淀粉纳米晶(SNC)与纳米氧化锌(ZnO)为复合增强剂,采用流延法制备复合膜。以单因素实验考察了增塑剂种类及用量、增强剂种类及用量对复合膜性能的影响。以正交实验法探究淀粉酶解工艺,以复合膜的拉伸强度为指标,得到马铃薯淀粉的最佳酶解工艺为:酶用量0.8 U/g,反应温度50℃,pH=4.0,反应时间2 h。与未经酶处理的复合膜相比,马铃薯淀粉复合膜拉伸强度增加19.0%,断裂伸长率增加42.8%,透明度增加5.6%,雾度下降67.4%,水蒸气透过系数下降98.4%,透油系数下降52.5%。     

氯化钙交联淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用单因素实验研究了玉米淀粉与PVA质量比、增塑剂添加量、交联剂添加量对复合膜性能的影响,并通过正交实验进行优化,确定了制备复合膜的较优工艺条件。结果表明,在交联反应温度70℃、交联反应时间30 min、干燥时间3 h、干燥温度80℃、玉米淀粉:PVA质量比6:4、甘油添加量15%,氯化钙添加量2%时,复合膜的各项性能较佳。在最佳工艺条件下制备的复合膜的各项性能分别为拉伸强度23.66 MPa、断裂伸长率101.4%、透光率25.5%、吸水率41.9%。     

建筑施工中的新型环保复合胶工艺分析

针对环保复合胶会对建筑施工环保造成影响，提出了建筑施工中的新型环保复合胶工艺。以淀粉和聚乙烯醇作为基胶添加氧化剂、交联剂等提升复合胶性能，并通过调整淀粉、聚乙烯醇、双氧水等原料及添加剂的用量，试验制备出质量较好的新型环保复合胶。结果表明，淀粉用量为40%,1.2 mL双氧水，质量分数1.2%聚乙烯醇，硼砂用量为8 mL，过硫酸铵用量为0.33%,12%羧基丁腈胶乳配比下，新型环保复合胶的胶合强度较好，同时干燥时间与剥离强度都较高，硼砂用量与羧基丁腈胶乳用量还能有效提升新型环保复合胶的耐水性能。     

水溶液聚合小麦淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的研究

以小麦淀粉与丙烯酸为原料,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成高吸水性复合树脂。考察了丙烯酸的中和度、淀粉/单体比例、引发剂、交联剂等对聚合反应和树脂性能的影响。通过正交试验优选出物料的最佳配比:丙烯酸的中和度为90%,引发剂用量为0.5%,交联剂用量为0.05%,淀粉含量为10%。制备得到的吸水性复合树脂吸水率达1060g.g-1,性能优于聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂。     

葛根淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜的研究进展

可食性膜以天然大分子物质为原料,辅以可食性增塑剂,交联剂等物质,通过各成膜分子之间的相互作用而形成的薄膜。利用葛根淀粉和壳聚糖能制成绿色环保和延长食品的保质期的可食性膜,两者均为合成复合膜材料,本文对的葛根淀粉、壳聚糖和葛根淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜的成膜特性进行了综述,为葛根淀粉与壳聚糖复合膜的发展和应用提供了方向。     

木薯淀粉/PVA复合膜制备工艺研究

研究了淀粉与聚乙烯醇（PVA）复合膜的制备工艺,考察了二者的配比、交联剂的种类及用量、交联温度和时间对复合膜拉伸强度的影响,并采用红外光谱（IR）对复合膜进行了结构分析。结果表明：复合膜产生了较好的交联,淀粉与PVA最佳质量比为5：3,交联剂为三偏磷酸钠与硼酸（两者质量比为1：1）,交联剂总用量为0．2g,交联温度为130℃,时间为3h。     

微水溶性缓释肥料用复合胶接材料的合成及性能研究

以淀粉、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和丙烯酸酯类单体为主要原料,采用交联反应法制备出水基可生物降解型胶接包膜材料,并重点阐述了淀粉、PVA和丙烯酸酯类单体用量对胶液及复合膜性能的影响。结果表明:当m(淀粉)=70 g、V(丙烯酸酯类单体)=V(5%PVA)=5 mL和m(交联剂)=2.5 g时,复合膜的透水、透气效果较佳,其吸水倍率和透水率分别为133%和16.97 g/(m2.h),并具有一定的可生物降解性能;该复合膜可用于半干旱地区微水溶性缓释肥料用胶接包膜材料的制备。     

丙烯酰胺改性玉米淀粉/PVA复合膜的制备与表征

为了改善聚乙烯醇（PVA）膜的机械性能,选用玉米淀粉为原材料,50℃条件下以过硫酸铵和尿素为引发剂,同时加入丙烯酰胺对淀粉进行接枝改性,制备得到丙烯酰胺改性的玉米淀粉/PVA复合膜。其中,优化改性淀粉的接枝率确定最佳合成条件为淀粉/丙烯酰胺的质量比为3∶7、引发剂过硫酸铵占单体总质量的0.5%、尿素占单体总质量的0.5%。进一步利用优化的改性淀粉为改性剂,制备了系列改性玉米淀粉/PVA复合膜。采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合膜的组成与结构进行表征,同时测定复合膜的机械性能、耐水性、耐热性等物化特性,结果表明30%ST-0.50%APSU改性淀粉的单体转化率为95.0%,接枝率为85.2%。 30%ST-0.50%APSU/PVA复合膜的耐热性能轻微下降,但断裂伸长率提高了256%,耐水性能提高了43.1%。     

聚乙烯醇/淀粉纳米晶复合膜的制备及表征

利用蜡质玉米淀粉通过硫酸酸解制备淀粉纳米晶（SN）,并采用溶液流延法制备聚乙烯醇（PVA）/SN复合膜,研究SN对复合膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,制备的SN样品为盘状颗粒,平均直径为30～60 nm;随着SN含量的增加,PVA/SN复合膜的力学性能和阻隔性能均呈现先增后减的变化;在SN含量为10 %时,复合膜的拉伸和阻隔性能最好,拉伸强度由纯PVA膜的47 MPa提高至54 MPa,气体透过系数相对于纯PVA膜也降低了70 %。     

纳米SiO_2对聚乙烯醇/淀粉熔融吹塑薄膜性能的影响

用甘油和水为增塑剂对高醇解度聚乙烯醇和玉米淀粉复配增塑改性,并选用不同的纳米SiO2,对聚乙烯醇/玉米淀粉基体进行纳米改性,熔融吹塑制备聚乙烯醇/玉米淀粉/纳米SiO2薄膜。结果表明:加入纳米SiO2后,聚乙烯醇/玉米淀粉/纳米SiO2薄膜的拉伸性能显著提高,热性能也发生了较明显的变化;探讨了纳米SiO2对薄膜性能影响的机理。     

SA/PVA可降解复合塑料膜的制备与性能研究

对木薯原淀粉进行乙酰化改性,合成低酯化度的木薯淀粉醋酸酯(SA);经增塑、交联后与聚乙烯醇(PVA)合成可降解的SA/PVA复合塑料膜,重点研究了PVA、甘油、乙二醛的用量及SA的酯化度对复合膜力学性能的影响,并对复合膜性能进行了表征。结果表明:在PVA质量分数为40%,甘油质量分数为14%,乙二醛质量分数为4%时,可以得到力学性能较好的复合塑料膜;与原淀粉/PVA复合膜相比,复合膜致密性提高,玻璃化转变温度降低,结晶度下降,表现出更好的力学性能。     

Synthesis of starch‐based plastic films by electron beam irradiation

Starch‐based plastic films were prepared by the electron beam irradiation of starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in a physical gel state at room temperature. The influence of starch/PVA composition, irradiation dose, and plasticizer (glycerol) on the properties of the plastic films was investigated. The gel fraction of the starch/PVA films increased with both the radiation dose and PVA content in the plastic film and decreased with increasing glycerol concentration. The starch/PVA compatibility was determined by measurement of the thermal properties of the starch/PVA blends with various compositions with differential scanning calorimetry. The swelling of the starch/PVA films increased with increasing PVA content and decreasing irradiation dose. Mechanical studies were carried out, and the tensile strength of the films decreased at high starch ratios in the starch‐based mixture. This was due to the decrease in the degree of crosslinking of starch. Furthermore, when PVA, a biodegradable and flexible‐chain polymer, was incorporated into the starch‐based films, the properties of the films, such as the flexibility (elongation at break), were obviously improved. The tensile strength of the films decreased with increasing glycerol concentration, but elongation at break increased up to a maximum value at a 20% glycerol concentration, and then, it leveled off and decreased slightly. Biodegradation of the starch/PVA plastic films was indicated by weight loss (%) after burial in soil and morphological shape, which was detected by scanning electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 504–513, 2007     

Properties of starch‐based blend films using citric acid as additive. II

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend films were prepared by using corn starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerol (GL), and citric acid (CA) as additives and glutaraldehyde (GLU) as crosslinking agent for the mixing process. The additives, drying temperature, and the influence of crosslinker of films on the properties of the films were investigated. The mechanical properties, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (% E), degree of swelling (DS), and solubility (S) of starch/PVA blend film were examined adding GL and CA as additives. At all measurement results, except for DS, the film adding CA was better than GL because hydrogen bonding at the presence of CA with hydroxyl group and carboxyl group increased the inter/intramolecular interaction between starch, PVA, and additives. CA improves the properties of starch/PVA blend film compared with GL. TS, % E, DS, and S of film adding GLU as crosslinking agent were examined. With increasing GLU contents, TS increases but % E, DS, and S value of GL‐added and CA‐added films decrease. When the film was dried at low temperature, the physical properties of the films were clearly improved because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2554–2560, 2006     

Effect of amylose contents of starches on physical properties and biodegradability of starch/PVA-blended films

Recently, synthetic plastics are used widely in various fields, and with increased applications, disposal of waste plastics has become a serious problem. Therefore, development of novel plastics that are degradable by microorganisms in soil has recently been attracting much attention. In this study, starch/PVA-blended films were prepared from commercial starches with the different amylose contents, PVA, and additives by using a simple mixing process and casting method. Glycerol (GL), sorbitol (SO), tartaric acid (TA), and citric acid (CA) were used as additives. The physical properties such as tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (%E), degree of swelling (DS), and solubility (S) with amylose contents of starches were investigated. The amylose content of starches was analyzed by the colorimetric method. Thermal analysis of films was measured by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Finally, biodegradability of the films was evaluated in a 6-month soil burial test. The examination of the physical properties of biodegradable films indicates that with the higher amylose contents of starch used in preparing the film, TS, and DS of films increased, whereas %E and S decreased. The additives containing both carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, i.e. TA and CA, improved the physical properties of films. A thermal analysis of films revealed that the glass transition temperature (T _g) rose because of the increased crystallization of films with the increasing the amylose contents. Also, films degraded rapidly at the beginning and slow degradation took place until the experiment was completed. The films showed 50–80% degradation.     

The Effect of glycerol on the crystalline,thermal, and tensile properties of CaCl2‐doped starch/PVA films

Starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films with the addition of 10 wt% CaCl₂ and various content of glycerol were prepared. The effect of glycerol on the crystalline, thermal, and tensile properties of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA films was studied by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile testing, respectively. The effect of glycerol on the miscibility of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA films was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA film became more homogeneous after the addition of glycerol. The addition of glycerol would increase the crystallinity of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA film. With the addition of 10 wt% glycerol and 10 wt% CaCl₂, the starch/PVA film showed the highest degree of crystallinity. The TGA results show that the thermal stability of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA film increased after the addition of glycerol. The toughness of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA films was enhanced with the addition of glycerol. The starch/PVA film with the addition of 10 wt% CaCl₂ and 20 wt% glycerol showed the tensile strength of 17 MPa and the elongation at break of 428%. Moreover, the water sorption of CaCl₂‐doped starch/PVA film decreased after the addition of glycerol at the low and intermediate relative humidity of 33 and 54%. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3191–3199, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

淀粉/聚乙烯醇活性包装薄膜及其在食品包装应用中的研究进展

综述了淀粉/聚乙烯醇（PVA）活性包装薄膜及其在食品包装中的研究进展，主要对从不同比例共混、疏水改性、增强改性等方面对淀粉/PVA薄膜的改性研究，从功能特性和活性物质对薄膜性能的影响2个方面对淀粉/PVA活性薄膜研究和薄膜在食品包装中的应用3个方面进行了归纳总结，旨在为以淀粉/PVA为基材的活性包装薄膜研究提供参考。     

淀粉微晶/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的制备与性能

在制备淀粉微晶的基础上,将淀粉微晶与聚乙烯醇共混制备复合材料薄膜,讨论了原料配比、混合温度、混合时间和转速等因素对复合薄膜性能的影响。正交实验的结果表明:当聚乙烯醇与淀粉微晶的质量配比为1∶4,混合温度为90℃,混合30min时制得的复合薄膜的性能最好。