超临界碳氢燃料在圆/矩形管内流动传热数值研究

针对火箭发动机的再生循环冷却过程,研究了超临界压力下碳氢燃料在圆形和矩形冷却通道内的流动和传热特性。采用RNGk-ε湍流模型结合增强壁面处理方法,通过数值模拟分析了在非对称受热(上壁面加热)情况下流体的速度场、温度场,考察了由传热恶化和热传导共同作用引起的热流异常传递,并得到了两种冷却通道内流体的速度、温度、对流换热系数以及Nusselt数的变化规律。结果发现,近壁面流体率先达到拟临界温度,流体物性参数剧烈变化出现零速度梯度区,导致了传热恶化和“M”形速度等值线;超临界压力下,在z> 280 mm后圆形冷却通道的冷却效果优于矩形。     

矩形翅片椭圆管束性能研究及场协同分析

利用CFD方法对空冷系统的基本换热元件矩形翅片椭圆管进行了数值模拟;与实验数据相比较,研究了其在不同迎面风速下的阻力特性与换热特性,拟合出了三排管对流换热系数和协同角随迎面风速的变化关系;并采用场协同原理分析讨论了温度梯度与速度矢量方向的夹角对矩形翅片椭圆管换热特性的影响;结果表明,随着夹角的增大,换热效率变低,以致换热量非线性增加。     

往复振荡对活塞冷却油腔内纳米流体传热及流动特性的影响

内燃机工作过程中,燃烧产生的部分热能传给活塞。当活塞功率密度超过0.3 kW/cm~2时,必须采用冷却油腔进行冷却。为揭示纳米流体在冷却油腔内的传热及流动特性,对不同种类纳米流体在随活塞冷却油腔同步往复振荡状态下的传热和流动特性进行了对流换热和可视化实验。研究发现:最优传热充液率为53.4%;往复振荡频率、颗粒的水力半径与活塞冷却油腔内的对流换热系数成正比;转子转动角度在180°~270°范围时,工作流体混合效果最佳;纳米流体的流动紊乱度在整个往复振荡周期内均好于纯净水。     

矩形翅片椭圆管束性能研究及场协同分析

应用计算流体动力学（CFD）理论,建立了矩形翅片椭圆管的数学模型,阐述求解的数值计算方法。采用k—ε标准湍流模型、有限体积法（FVM）和SIMPLEC算法,运用FLUENT软件对管外扰流场进行三维数值仿真,得到其阻力特性与换热特性,仿真结果与实验结果相对比,验证了模型的正确性。在此基础上,采用场协同原理分析了温度梯度与速度矢量的夹角对矩形翅片椭圆管换热特性的影响。结果表明：对流换热的强度不仅取决于流体的速度和物性,还取决于速度与温度梯度之间的协同,尽管迎面风速增大,换热得到强化,但随着协同角的增大,换热效率变低,以致换热量非线性增加。     

双锥型凹穴微通道超临界CO_(2)流动传热特性研究北大核心CSCD

为实现印刷电路板式换热器(Printed circuit heat exchanger,PCHE)中超临界CO_(2)(Supercritical-CO_(2),S-CO_(2))高效低阻强化换热,提出一种基于处理表面强化换热技术的双锥型凹穴矩阵微通道模型。通过数值模拟不同锥体凹穴高径比、环绕型与对称型排列方式对流动传热特性的影响,得到S-CO_(2)在500—850 K范围下,各通道范宁摩阻系数、对流传热系数和综合强化指数等参数随入口流速的变化规律,并引入壁面平均涡强对局部流动与换热机理进行分析。结果发现:对流传热系数随壁面平均涡强的增大而增大,且增加速率随入口速度的增加而增大;环绕型矩阵排列相较于对称型更有利于通道换热;结合综合强化指数,双锥型凹穴结构能实现通道高效低阻强化换热,高径比为2的模型换热性能最优;通过壁面平均涡强对凹穴流动与换热机理的分析,由于双锥型凹穴结构内涡流的增强,平均对流传热系数得到增强,且主要影响边界层附近的流动与换热。     

相变微胶囊悬浮液的对流换热特性研究进展

相变微胶囊悬浮液是既具有流动性又兼具蓄热能力的功能性流体。相变微胶囊悬浮液在工作过程中涉及复杂的流体流动与传热以及储热过程,近年来成为国内外学者研究的热点。对相变微胶囊悬浮液在圆管、小(微)通道内的对流换热特性进行了综述,重点阐述了国内外学者对于相变微胶囊悬浮液是否能强化对流换热存在的分歧,并提出了自己的分析与看法。分析了圆管与小(微)通道对流换热机理的区别,最后概述了强化相变微胶囊悬浮液对流换热的方法。     

蜂窝板换热器内部流动传热特性研究

建立了蜂窝板换热器湍流流动的物理数学模型,并应用数值分析方法模拟了蜂窝板换热器的三维流动传热过程;分析了不同雷诺数下通道内流动阻力和换热性能及其随雷诺数的变化规律,并与相同当量直径的平行平板通道的流动换热性能进行了对比.结果表明,蜂窝板换热器在换热系数提高的同时流动阻力也增大了,在雷诺数Re=3000~15000的范围内,其传热努塞尔数比平行平板增大了0.93~2.12倍,阻力系数增大了2.24~2.35倍.最后从场协同理论的角度分析了蜂窝板强化传热的机理.     

蜂窝板换热器内部流动传热特性研究

建立了蜂窝板换热器湍流流动的物理数学模型,并应用数值分析方法模拟了蜂窝板换热器的三维流动传热过程;分析了不同雷诺数下通道内流动阻力和换热性能及其随雷诺数的变化规律,并与相同当量直径的平行平板通道的流动换热性能进行了对比。结果表明,蜂窝板换热器在换热系数提高的同时流动阻力也增大了,在雷诺数Re=3000~15000的范围内,其传热努塞尔数比平行平板增大了0.93~2.12倍,阻力系数增大了2.24~2.35倍。最后从场协同理论的角度分析了蜂窝板强化传热的机理。     

等壁温下超临界CO_2于螺旋管内对流传热的数值模拟

在等壁温条件下,对超临界CO_2于螺旋管内的对流传热进行了数值模拟。得出并分析了超临界CO_2在螺旋管内对流换热过程中温度、流速和密度的分布情况,总结了螺旋管内超临界CO_2的局部对流传热系数沿轴向角的变化规律,讨论了壁面温度的改变对螺旋管内局部对流传热系数的影响。研究结果表明:离心力的影响在整个对流传热过程均存在,浮升力的影响在流体离开拟临界区之前不能忽略;当轴向角φ≤1035°时,bottom母线上的h最大,inner母线上的h最小且最先达到峰值;局部对流传热系数的峰值会随壁面温度的增大而减小。     

换热器翅片表面空气流动热力过程的三维数值模拟

本文利用软件FLUENT模拟了发生在双排(叉排)波纹翅片表面空气流动和传热过程,获得了有代表性的翅片表面温度分布、换热系数等值线图,表面气流速度矢量图和相关计算结果.分析了翅片入口风速对翅片表面的温度、气流流动、换热系数、换热量的影响.     

Investigation of turbulent heat transfer and nanofluid flow in a double pipe heat exchanger

In present study, heat transfer and turbulent flow of water/alumina nanofluid in a parallel as well as counter flow double pipe heat exchanger have been investigated. The governing equations have been solved using an in-house FORTRAN code, based on finite volume method. Single-phase and standard k-ε models have been used for nanofluid and turbulent modeling, respectively. The internal fluid has been considered as hot fluid (nanofluid) and the external fluid, cold fluid (base fluid). The effects of nanoparticles volume fraction, flow direction and Reynolds number on base fluid, nanofluid and wall temperatures, thermal efficiency, Nusselt number and convection heat transfer coefficient have been studied. The results indicated that increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction or Reynolds number causes enhancement of Nusselt number and convection heat transfer coefficient. Maximum rate of average Nusselt number and thermal efficiency enhancement are 32.7% and 30%, respectively. Also, by nanoparticles volume fraction increment, the outlet temperature of fluid and wall temperature increase. Study the minimum temperature in the solid wall of heat exchangers, it can be observed that the minimum temperature in counter flow has significantly reduced, compared to parallel flow. However, by increasing Reynolds number, the slope of thermal efficiency enhancement of heat exchanger gradually tends to a constant amount. This behavior is more obvious in parallel flow heat exchangers. Therefore, using of counter flow heat exchangers is recommended in higher Reynolds numbers.     

多孔泡沫材料强化传热特性及场协同分析

实际生产生活中使用到的多孔泡沫材料通常都是非均质的,文章建立了多孔泡沫材料均质与非均质模型,结合场协同理论,从速度与温度梯度矢量的协同关系出发,分析了多孔泡沫材料内部单相流体对流强化换热的物理机制,研究了孔隙率、孔密度以及空气流速对流体顺流方向协同性能的影响。研究表明:场协同原理适用于分析多孔泡沫材料的强化传热机制;多孔泡沫材料孔隙中心与骨架后缘处的协同程度最好,骨架侧缘协同程度最差(协同角接近90°);非均质多孔泡沫材料孔壁附近协同程度较差,相同条件下全场平均场协同角比均质泡沫大;多孔泡沫材料越均匀全场协同情况越好,在相同流速、孔隙率和孔密度下,均质泡沫材料全场平均协同角余弦值可达非均质泡沫的1.2倍。计算结果表明,空气流速为3m/s时,孔隙率为0.8、0.85和0.9的多孔泡沫材料强化传热强度分别是普通平直翅片的3.3倍、1.9倍和1.2倍。该研究对新型散热器设计具有指导意义。     

冻干机冷阱传热性能实验研究

对影响冻干机冷阱传热性能的两个因素(冷阱盘管壁面温度和结霜厚度)进行了实验研究。实验研究表明冷阱壁面温度越低则冷阱捕集效率越高；随着霜层厚度的不断增加，传热性能将不断下降。对影响冷阱传热的另一个因素-真空度，进行了理论分析，认为随着冷阱真空度的提高，换热强度不断降低，直至可以不考虑换热。     

间接蒸发冷却板式换热器换热性能的数值模拟

应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立了间接蒸发冷却板型换热器内三维层流流动与传热的数学物理模型;对影响蒸发冷却换热器换热性能的主要因素进行了数值计算和预测;通过计算表明,换热器通道间距、空气的迎面风速,以及一次风的干球温度的变化对换热器效率有很大的影响;分析了不同参数时通道内流场、能量场以及换热器效率的变化.     

Luminaries-level structure improvement of LEDs for heat dissipation enhancement under natural convection

Heat dissipation enhancement of LED luminaries is of great significance to the large-scale application of LED. Luminaries-level structure improvement by the method of boring through-hole is adopted to intensify heat dissipation. Furthermore, the natural convection heat transfer process of LED luminaries is simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model before and after the structural modification. As shown by computational results, boring through-hole is beneficial to develop bottom-to-top natural convection, eliminate local circumfluence, and finally form better flow pattern. Analysis based on field synergy principle shows that boring through-hole across LED luminaries improves the synergy between flow field and temperature field, and effectively decreases the thermal resistance of luminaries-level heat dissipation structure. Under the same computational conditions, by luminaries-level structure improvement the highest temperature of heat sink is decreased by about 8°C and the average heat transfer coefficient is increased by 45.8%.     

不同强化管传热特性的数值模拟与实验研究

对横纹槽管、缩放管和螺旋槽管在夹套间进行了传热特性实验,研究了传热效率指标随雷诺数的变化规律.运用FLUENT软件,采用二维轴对称方法和k-ε模型对夹套间流体流动传热进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比.从场协同的角度研究了速度场与温度场夹角对传热膜系数的影响.     

水平管外沸腾强化换热的数值模拟与场协同分析

应用FLUENT软件对制冷剂R134a在光管和横纹槽管水平管外沸腾传热进行三维数值模拟,得到其饱和泡状沸腾过程中体积含气率的分布规律,并比较它们的换热系数。结果表明横纹槽管外侧能够很好地强化沸腾传热。此外,还通过改变边界条件分析质量流量、热流密度的变化对横纹槽管管外沸腾换热系数的影响。最后应用场协同理论,从局部换热角度分析其强化机制。研究表明,横纹槽管水平管外沸腾换热得到强化的原因是其凹槽前后的速度场与温度梯度场之间夹角较小,协同程度更好。     

Forced convection of a temperature-sensitive ferrofluid in presence of magnetic field of electrical current-carrying wire: A two-phase approach

This research examines laminar forced convection of a temperature-sensitive magnetic nanofluid flowing within a horizontal tube through the two-phase mixture model. The ferrofluid flowing in the tube is exposed to the magnetic field generated by electrical current-carrying wire(s) along the tube, and the effect of such magnetic field is studied on heat and mass transfer phenomena. It is observed that due to the dependency of magnetization on temperature, the cold fluid flowing at the central regions of the tube is attracted more significantly towards the source of the magnetic field, which results in creation of secondary flow. Such mixing in the flow, subsequently, disturbs the thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layers, especially at the vicinity of the magnetic field source, leading to better heat transfer rate and also higher pressure drop. Furthermore, increasing the strength of the magnetic field leads to greater enhancement in heat transfer, while increasing the Reynolds number decreases the effectiveness of the magnetic field on the ferrofluid flow and heat transfer. Moreover, placing two wires above and under the tube can enhance the heat transfer even more significantly, such that the average convective heat transfer coefficient in this case is about 34.5% higher than that of the case without magnetic field.     

Simulation of multistream plate-fin heat exchangers of an air separation unit

Hot and cold reversible heat exchangers of an air separation unit are simulated. Five fluid streams exchange heat with six fluid streams in parallel and counter flow. The numerical method employed divides the heat exchanger in a number of sections, for which fluid properties, capacity rates and heat transfer coefficients are considered constant. Single and two-phase streams are taken into account. Results obtained from the model are compared with field data.     

不同空气侧风速下微通道蒸发器换热特性实验研究

搭建微通道蒸发器性能实验台,采用控制变量法研究不同空气侧风速下微通道蒸发器表面温度分布、制冷剂进出口压力的变化规律,计算换热量和换热系数,从而分析空气侧风速对微通道蒸发器的流量分配特性和换热效果的影响。结果表明,随着风速增大,微通道蒸发器制冷剂流量分配不均匀性增大,进出口压力波动振幅和周期增加,压降增大,风速2 m/s时微通道蒸发器换热效果最佳。