GO/TLCP/PF混杂复合材料的热性能和动态力学性能

采用熔融挤出法将热致性液晶聚合物(TLCP)与酚醛树脂(PF)熔融挤出,分别加入氧化石墨烯(GO)、KH550改性GO(KH550-GO)、KH560改性GO(KH560-GO),制备出GO/TLCP/PF混杂复合材料,研究GO的加入对GO/TLCP/PF混杂复合材料的热性能、力学性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛的影响。结果表明:GO的加入可提高GO/TLCP/PF混杂复合材料的热性能、力学性能以及动态力学性能;仅加入1%KH560改性的GO,GO/TLCP/PF混杂复合材料的冲击强度比PF复合材料提高了25.6%,储能模量提高了28.1%,蠕变和应力松弛性能也得到改善。其原因是,GO与TLCP具有一定的协同增强效应。     

氧化石墨烯/酚醛树脂原位复合材料的热性能和动态力学性能

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),通过超声分散与苯酚、甲醛进行原位聚合,将所得原位聚合树脂与其它填料一起通过辊炼、模压成型制备GO/酚醛树脂(PF)原位复合材料。研究GO含量对GO/PF原位复合材料的热性能、力学性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛的影响,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合材料的冲击断面形貌。研究结果表明,当GO加入量为1%时,GO/PF原位复合树脂的初始热分解温度比纯酚醛树脂(PF)提高了55.8℃;当GO加入量为0.25%时,GO/PF原位复合材料的冲击强度提高18.6%;当GO加入量为0.5%时,GO/PF原位复合材料的储能模量比纯PF复合材料提高78.3%,Tg提高了8.9℃。SEM观察发现,GO/PF原位复合材料的冲击断面凹凸不平,表明GO的加入能有效提高PF复合材料的力学性能。     

氧化石墨烯纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能

氧化石墨烯(GO)是石墨烯重要的衍生物之一,通过氧化和超声波分散制备了GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料。采用XRD、拉曼光谱、FTIR和TEM表征了GO纳米片的结构与形貌,研究了GO纳米片用量对GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料热稳定性、力学性能及介电性能的影响。结果表明:GO纳米片的加入提高了GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料失热稳定性;随着GO纳米片填充量的增加,GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料的冲击强度和抗弯性能先提高后降低,其介电常数和介电损耗则先减小后增加。GO纳米片填充量为0.3wt%的GO纳米片/环氧树脂复合材料的失重5%时的热分解温度由纯环氧树脂的400.2℃提高到424.5℃,而冲击强度和弯曲强度分别在GO纳米片填充量为0.2wt%和0.3wt%时达到最大,冲击强度由纯环氧树脂的10.5kJ/m2提高到19.7kJ/m2,弯曲强度由80.5 MPa提高到104.0 MPa。     

原位聚合制备聚氨酯/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能研究

采用两步投料法,将氧化石墨烯(GO)与4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)充分反应后、再加入聚醚多元醇和三羟甲基丙烷原位聚合制备聚氨酯(PU)/GO纳米复合材料。用广角x衍射、拉伸仪、热失重分析仪和扫描电子显微镜等研究了GO含量对PU/GO复合材料弹性模量、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和热稳定性能的影响。研究发现当GO含量为0.2%时,GO在PU基体内分散均匀未出现团聚现象;当GO含量增加时,出现GO团聚体,且随着GO含量增加而增加。GO团聚现象对PU/GO复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性提高具有不利的影响。未出现GO团聚体的PU/0.2%GO复合材料具有最佳力学性能和热稳定性。用连二亚硫酸钠、氢氧化钠水溶液就地还原制备还原PU/GO纳米复合材料(PU/rGO),研究GO还原对复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果发现,GO在PU基体内可以实现一定程度的就地还原,还原后复合材料的力学性能有所下降,但热稳定性能有所提高。     

石墨烯添加量对铜基复合材料性能的影响

采用一步化学还原法结合放电等离子烧结工艺制备石墨烯增强铜基复合材料,利用XRD、SEM、拉曼光谱、拉伸试验机、纳米压痕仪、涡流电导率仪等研究石墨烯含量对复合材料微观组织、力学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明:石墨烯在复合材料基体中均匀分布,石墨烯的添加能显著增强铜基体的力学性能。与纯铜相比,添加0.025%(质量分数)的氧化石墨烯,可使其屈服强度提高219.8%,抗拉强度提高35.9%,弹性模量提高6.9%,此外,其导电率仍有93.1%IACS。随着石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度及弹性模量均有所下降,这是因为高石墨烯含量复合粉体中部分石墨烯纳米片未能被铜颗粒包覆,其与铜基体界面结合强度低,石墨烯的剪切应力转移强化效果降低。     

纳米铁-氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合材料的制备及其力学性能

纳米铁和氧化石墨烯(GO)修饰壳聚糖(CS)复合材料对水体中重金属的优越吸附性能,在环保领域具有良好的应用前景.然而,不同含量纳米铁和/或GO修饰CS对复合材料力学性能的影响成果却十分有限.因此,以CS为聚合物基体、GO和FeCl3·6H2O为纳米填充物,采用溶液混合蒸发法制备了不同配比的纳米铁-氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖(F...     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究进展

碳纳米管(CNT)优异的力学性能使其成为复合材料优选的增强体。CNT/聚合物复合材料的力学性能主要受其界面结合性能的影响。综述了CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究方法和研究现状。对CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的研究,实验上采用微观表征技术、拉曼光谱分析技术和纳米力学拔出法,分子模拟方法则是通过对CNT施加位移或外力模拟CNT从聚合物基体中的抽拔过程。概述了聚合物的类型、晶态结构以及CNT的手性、功能化处理等因素对CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能的影响,并展望了CNT/聚合物复合材料界面结合性能未来研究的重点方向。     

加压密闭氧化石墨烯/水性聚氨酯纳米复合材料的制备及阻燃性能

采用改进的Hummers法对可膨胀石墨进行加压密闭氧化处理制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),并利用X射线衍射分析、紫外可见吸收光谱和透射电镜对其进行了表征。利用原位乳化法制备了氧化石墨烯/水性聚氨酯(GO/WPU)纳米复合材料。研究了GO含量对GO/WPU纳米复合材料的稳定性、形态、热降解性能和阻燃性能的影响。Zeta电位和扫描电镜的研究表明,GO在GO/WPU纳米复合材料中具有良好的稳定性和分散性。热失重分析结果表明,和纯WPU相比,GO/WPU纳米复合材料的热稳定性略有降低,但800℃时含量2%GO的纳米复合体系的残炭量从0.99%增大到2.90%。锥形量热仪分析结果表明,随着GO在GO/WPU纳米复合材料中的含量增大,材料的阻燃抑烟性能逐渐增强。当GO的含量为2%时,和纯WPU相比,GO/WPU纳米复合材料的峰值热释放速率、总释放热、总烟释放以及烟因子分别降低了34%,19%,27%和43%。     

氧化石墨烯/羧甲基纤维素钠/海藻酸钠复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用改进的Hummer法和超声波剥离法制备了纳米氧化石墨烯悬液,再将其与羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠复合制备了氧化石墨烯/羧甲基纤维素钠/海藻酸钠(GO/CMC/SA)复合材料,并通过吸水性实验和拉伸实验方法对其结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明,添加GO和CMC可显著提高GO/CMC/SA复合材料的力学性能和吸水性,当GO含量为7%,CMC含量为15%时,复合材料的干态拉伸强度最大达到124.5MPa,复合材料湿态拉伸强度最大达到31.0MPa;吸水率达到196%,在生物医学领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

热致性液晶/氧化石墨烯/酚醛树脂复合材料的力学性能与摩擦性能研究

将酰氯化后的氧化石墨烯与热致性液晶聚合物经溶液混合法制备热致性液晶聚合物/氧化石墨烯(TLCP/GO)混杂材料;通过辊炼、挤出、模压成型工艺制备热致性液晶聚合物/氧化石墨烯/酚醛树脂(TLCP/GO/PF)复合材料,研究TLCP/GO混杂材料含量对酚醛树脂复合材料的力学、动态力学及摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:添加量为0.5%时复合材料的弯曲强度及弯曲模量分别提高了26%及11%;添加量为0.5%时,复合材料初始储能模量提高了31.5%,同时,混杂材料的加入一定程度上改善了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,其中混杂材料添加量为0.5%时,复合材料的摩擦系数在0.39~0.28之间,250℃时,复合材料的磨损率为0.39×10-7cm3/N·m,比纯酚醛复合材料降低48.7%,表明TLCP与GO具有协同增强作用。     

基于纳米压痕法的羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料力学性能表征

采用准静态和动态纳米压痕技术研究了羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸（HA/PLA）复合材料在微纳尺度的表面力学性能。在静态模式下研究了保载和卸载时间对模量和硬度测试结果的影响。结果发现,当保载时间小于45 s时,由于蠕变使保载和卸载时间对测试结果产生显著影响;保载时间短且卸载时间长时,在卸载段会形成"鼻子",为了避免"鼻子"选择保载时间为45 s。在动态模式下研究了材料的动态力学性能,结果表明,存储模量和硬度均随着压入深度的增加而减小。压痕和划痕实验结果均表明：HA显著提高了PLA的力学性能,与纯PLA相比,9wt% HA/PLA复合材料的模量增加了35.5%,硬度增加了44.7%,蠕变深度下降了9.5%,相同载荷下的最大划痕深度和残余深度均小于纯PLA,表现出良好的弹性恢复能力和抗变形能力。     

氧化石墨烯改性碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的湿热性能及微观形貌

采用湿法预浸技术和模压工艺制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)改性碳纤维/环氧树脂(CF/EP)复合材料,研究了GO在室温干态及湿热处理后对CF/EP复合材料动态热力学性能和层间剪切性能的影响,并通过微观形貌分析了复合材料的改性机制。结果表明,当GO添加量分别为0.5%和0.8%时,GO-CF/EP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)得到明显提高,由CF/EP复合材料的184.4℃分别提高到197.7℃和199.5℃;GO-CF/EP复合材料经湿热处理后,GO-CF/EP复合材料的T_g的保持率比CF/EP略低。GO添加量分别为0.05%和0.1%时,GO-CF/EP复合材料的层间剪切强度由CF/EP复合材料的59.7 MPa分别提高到70.2 MPa和72.2 MPa;GO-CF/EP复合材料进行湿热处理后,GO添加量为0.05%的GO-CF/EP复合材料和GO添加量为0.1%的GO-CF/EP复合材料层间剪切强度较CF/EP复合材料高,但GO-CF/EP复合材料的湿热后层间剪切强度保持率均低于CF/EP复合材料。力学损耗分析表明,GO有效提高了CF与EP基体间的界面黏结作用。微观形貌分析表明,GO的存在可有效分散裂纹能量并使裂纹发生偏转,使GO-CF/EP复合材料抵抗裂纹扩展的能力提高。      

Influence of moisture absorption on the flexural properties of composites made of epoxy resin reinforced with low-content iron particles

In this work, the effect of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of particulate composite materials is studied. Moisture absorption constitutes a main parameter affecting the thermomechanical behaviour of composites, since it causes plasticization of the polymer matrix with a concurrent swelling. In the present work, the influence of water absorption on the flexural properties of particle-reinforced composites was thoroughly investigated. It was found that during the process of moisture absorption there exists a variation of the flexural properties closely related to the degradation of the mechanical behaviour of the composite, as well as the percentage amount of moisture absorbed. Experiments were carried out with composite made of epoxy resin reinforced with low-content iron particles. The variation of ultimate stress, breaking strain, deflection, elastic modulus and Poisson ratio due to water absorption was examined.     

Morphological and mechanical properties of bile salt modified multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites

Non-covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes are more attractive for multifunction composites because they preserve nearly all the nanotubes’ intrinsic properties and enhance the electroconductivity of polymer composites. However, It is seldom reported that they make dramatic improvement in mechanical properties. In this paper we have successfully prepared a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite with a non-covalently functionalized carbon nanotube (DOC-MWNTs) using a simple method, which achieve a significant enhancement in mechanical properties. The tensile modulus and tensile yield strength of the PVA composite film containing 5 wt% DOC-MWNTs increased by 140% and 65%, respectively, comparing to the pure PVA film. FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and DSC were used to investigate the MWNTs and PVA/MWNTs nanocomposites. The results show that the separately dispersed DOC-MWNTs filler throughout the PVA matrix and the strong adhesion between the DOC-MWNTs filler and the PVA matrix are responsible for the significant reinforcement of the mechanical properties of the composite prepared.     

基于纳米压痕技术的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料各组分原位力学性能测试

基于纳米压痕技术对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料各组分的原位硬度、 弹性模量和蠕变性能进行了测试, 实验得到了基体、 纤维和微小厚度界面层的力学性能。结果表明, 从环氧树脂基体到碳纤维过渡过程中, 硬度和弹性模量有明显的梯度变化, 并且纤维和树脂基体的原位弹性模量平均值与其非原位性能有一定的变化, 实验得到纤维的原位弹性模量有所下降, 环氧树脂的弹性模量有所增加。试件制备过程中的机械研磨对其表面产生的残余应力和复合后两种材料的相互影响是组分材料原位性能变化的主要原因。各组分的蠕变性能呈现出明显的差异。     

纳米氧化锌负载氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

氧化石墨烯(GO)和纳米氧化锌(ZnO)具有优异的性能,但在环氧树脂中容易出现团聚现象,为解决这一问题,必须对其进行表面改性。以七水合硫酸锌为原料,将ZnO负载到GO表面,通过FT-IR,XRD,SEM,EDS,TG和接触角测试,纳米ZnO均匀分散在GO基体上,并可以在不改变GO片层结构的条件下,改善GO的团聚问题的同时降低GO的亲水性。然后将ZnO负载GO与环氧树脂制备纳米ZnO负载GO/环氧复合材料。结果表明:纳米ZnO负载GO/环氧复合材料力学性能和热稳定性明显提高,当ZnO/GO加入量为0.250%(质量分数)时复合材料综合性能最佳,拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别比纯环氧树脂提高了99.87%,12.09%,98.35%和151.48%,吸水率比纯环氧树脂降低了81.48%。     

Significant improvement in static and dynamic mechanical properties of graphene oxide–carbon nanotube acrylonitrile butadiene styrene hybrid composites

Herein, hybridization of graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been made to solve the problem of restacking of graphene nanosheets and agglomeration of CNTs. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene oxide–carbon nanotubes (GCNTs) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites have been prepared using micro-twin-screw extruder. The effect of these reinforcements on static and dynamic mechanical properties of composites is studied. The ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus for 7 wt.% GCNT–ABS composites show enhancement of 26.1 and 71.3% over pure ABS matrix, respectively. Various parameters such as coefficient “C” factor (the ratio of storage modulus of the composite to polymer in glassy and rubbery regions), degree of entanglement, crosslink density and adhesion factor have been calculated to analyze the interaction between fillers and polymer matrix. The 3-D hybrid structure of GCNTs overcomes the associated problem of CNTs agglomeration and graphene restacking. GCNT hybrid composites show higher dispersion as well as effectiveness for increased filler amount as compared to RGO and MWCNTs based composites. GCNTs prove its superiority over MWCNTs and RGO by showing a synergistic effect in the glass transition temperature and storage modulus. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used to confirm the interaction and distribution of the filler and matrix, respectively.     

Effect of Seawater and Warm Environment on Glass/Epoxy and Glass/Polyurethane Composites

A study of the durability of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in seawater and warm environment is presented in this paper. The major objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of seawater and temperature on the structural properties of glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composite materials. These effects were studied in terms of seawater absorption, permeation of salt and contaminants, chemical and physical bonds at the interface, degradation in mechanical properties, and failure mechanisms. Test parameters included immersion time, ranging from 3 months to 1 year, and temperature including room temperature and 65°C. Seawater absorption increased with immersion time and with temperature. The matrix in both composites was efficient in protecting the fibers from corrosive elements in seawater; however moisture creates a dual mechanism of stress relaxation—swelling—mechanical adhesion, and breakdown of chemical bonds between fiber and matrix at the interface. It is observed that high temperature accelerates the degradation mechanism in the glass/polyurethane composite. No significant changes were observed in tensile strength of glass/epoxy and in the modulus of both glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composites. However, the tensile strength of the glass/polyurethane composite decreased by 19% after 1 year of exposure to seawater at room temperature and by 31% after 1 year of exposure at 65°C. Plasticization due to moisture absorption leads to ductile failure in the matrix, but this can be reversed in glass/polyurethane composites after extended exposure to seawater at high temperature where brittle failure of matrix and fiber were observed.     

石墨烯/氰酸酯-环氧树脂复合材料的制备和性能

为优化石墨烯/氰酸酯(CE)复合材料的制备工艺并提高其韧性,制备了对苯二胺(PPD)功能化的氧化石墨烯(GO-PPD),分别以GO和GO-PPD为添加物,以CE和环氧树脂(质量比为7:3)共混物为基体树脂制备了GO/CE-环氧树脂和GO-PPD/CE-环氧树脂复合材料。采用红外和拉曼光谱表征GO和GO-PPD的结构,并研究了二者在溶剂中的溶解性。GO-PPD在乙醇等低沸点和低毒性的有机溶剂中表现出稳定的溶解性,与GO相比,GO-PPD明显改善了复合材料制备的工艺性。性能研究表明,GO和GO-PPD的加入均会降低基体树脂的固化温度,明显提高其力学性能和热性能,使基体树脂的介电常数和介电损耗显著增大,但仍然基本保持良好的耐湿热性和耐腐蚀性。石墨烯表面的化学性质影响石墨烯/CE-环氧树脂复合材料的综合性能,与GO相比,GO-PPD的加入能更明显提高复合材料的力学性能和耐热性。