10CrNiCu钢冷弯裂纹分析

对10CrNiCu钢板冷弯开裂进行分析，结果显示钢板浅表层出现粗晶区，在粗晶区原奥氏体晶界处分布有少量链状铁素体，粗晶区与钢板内部细晶区硬度差异较大，这是引起钢板冷弯开裂的主要原因。钢板表面残留的氧化铁皮是导致冷弯裂纹的另一诱因。     

低焊接裂纹敏感性钢焊接接头组织及微观力学性能

采用埋弧自动焊接方法焊接高强度低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板,并对其焊接接头进行显微组织观察、维氏显微硬度和纳米压痕检测.结果表明:粗晶热影响区的显微组织以粗大粒状贝氏体为主,由于该区的精细结构中含有大量纳米级析出相,且位错密度较高,使得该区具有较高的维氏显微硬度和纳米硬度值;焊缝区和细晶热影响区的主要显微组织分别为针状铁素体+先共析铁素体和准多边形铁素体,二者的纳米硬度和弹性模量值均小于粗晶热影响区的纳米硬度和弹性模量,表明粗晶热影响区的微观强度最高;粗大贝氏体组织可能会恶化粗晶热影响区的冲击韧性而导致焊接接头出现局部脆性断裂.     

12CrlMoV低合金钢管的焊接组织与性能

通过对12Cr1MoV低合金钢管试验及分析,结果表明,其力学性能符合标准.焊缝及热影响区组织为贝氏体 铁素体,焊缝和细晶区晶粒细小、显微硬度较高;粗晶区晶粒粗大、硬度较低;基体组织为铁素体 珠光体,硬度更低.总体焊接性能良好,尚能满足使用要求.     

低成本高焊接性能船板钢EH36的开发

工业化试制了3种厚度规格(20,26和36mm)的新型低成本高焊接性能船板钢EH36。试制钢板的显微组织由多边形铁素体和针状铁素体构成,其力学性能满足EH36级别船板要求并具有优异的低温韧性。采用焊接热模拟评价了钢板的焊接性能,当热输入由30kJ/cm升高至160kJ/cm时,粗晶区原奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,其组织也逐渐由粒状贝氏体向晶界铁素体+晶内针状铁素体+晶内多边形铁素体转变,维氏硬度逐渐下降,低温韧性优异。得益于TiN粒子对奥氏体晶粒长大的抑制作用,微量B元素对先共析铁素体转变的抑制作用以及BN粒子对晶内铁素体形核的促进作用,焊接粗晶区获得了有利于韧性的细化组织,保证了粗晶区具有优异的低温韧性。双丝埋弧焊试验也验证了钢板具有优异的焊接性能。     

08MnNiVR储油罐钢模拟焊接热影响区组织与韧性研究

利用焊接热模拟、示波冲击韧性和光学金相试验,研究了不同焊接热循环对鞍钢08MnNiVR储油罐钢板热影响区组织与性能的影响。试验结果表明,08MnNiVR钢板粗晶区在低热输入时具有很高的韧性且组织以粒状贝氏体为主,随着热输入的增加,组织向块状铁素体和珠光体转变,粗晶区的裂纹扩展功降低,韧性恶化。     

Al、Ti处理对低合金钢焊接粗晶区组织的影响

研究了Al、Ti处理对低合金钢焊接粗晶区组织的影响.研究发现:用Al处理时,钢中形成的夹杂物为Al的氧化物和细小的TiN.Al的氧化物和TiN不能促进晶内铁素体的形成,焊接粗晶区主要由粗大的晶界铁素体和平行排列的侧板条铁素体组成.用Ti处理时,钢中形成大量的Al、Ti、Mg、Ca复合氧化物夹杂,其颗粒大小为0.5～3.0 μm,同时还有一定量细小的Ti的氮化物.复合Ti的氧化物具有促进晶内针状铁素体形核的能力,焊接粗晶区主要由晶界铁素体、少量的侧板条铁素体和大量的晶内针状铁素体组成.随焊接热循环高温保温时间增长,晶界铁素体粗大,侧板条铁素体数量减少.相变区的冷却速度减慢,晶界铁素体数量增多,针状铁素体的尺寸显著增大.     

大热输入条件下氮含量对低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢粗晶热影响区组织与冲击韧性的影响

采用Gleeble研究了大热输入条件下,氮含量对低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,在100 kJ/cm热输入条件下,85 N、110 N和144 N试验钢粗晶热影响区-20℃冲击功分别为186 J、97 J和57 J。随着试验钢中氮含量的增加,试验钢粗晶热影响区冲击功逐渐降低。当氮含量从85 ppm增加至110 ppm时,低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织由块状铁素体+大量针状铁素体转变为块状铁素体+少量的针状铁素体,组织发生粗化,故粗晶热影响区冲击功降低。当氮含量从110 ppm进一步增加至144 ppm时,粗晶热影响区组织由块状铁素体+少量的针状铁素体转变为块状铁素体+珠光体,虽然块状铁素体晶粒发生细化,但是粗晶热影响区组织中的“硬相”珠光体的含量增加,并且珠光体尺寸较大,在冲击试样变形过程中“硬相”珠光体与基体形变不协调,从而导致裂纹的萌生,造成冲击功进一步下降。     

中温压力容器用钢15CrMoR焊接接头组织与性能研究

对60 mm厚度中温压力容器用钢15CrMoR进行埋弧焊接(SAW)试验，研究钢板焊态和焊后热处理态焊接接头的组织及性能。结果表明：焊态和焊后热处理态焊缝的组织均为针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体+先共析铁素体，粗晶区组织均为贝氏体，而细晶区组织稍有差别，其中，焊态细晶区组织为粒状贝氏体+铁素体+珠光体，焊后热处理态细晶区组织为粒状贝氏体，热处理前、后显微组织无显著变化。性能指标说明15CrMoR钢焊缝处强度高于母材，焊后热处理提高了焊接接头的低温冲击性能，降低了焊接接头硬度，具有较低的冷裂纹倾向，可焊性更好。     

回火工艺对900 MPa级热轧卷板组织与性能的影响

随着轻量化要求的进一步提高,屈服强度900 MPa级高强度钢在工程机械、汽车等领域逐步得到推广应用。与基于相变强化的传统调质生产工艺不同,采用TMCP+回火工艺开发析出强化型900 MPa级铁素体钢板,着重研究回火工艺对热轧卷板显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,热轧卷板经550~650℃回火热处理后,强度、硬度和冲击韧性显著提高,断后伸长率变化不大;经650~700℃回火热处理后,强度和硬度大幅度降低。热轧卷板的基体组织为细晶准多边形铁素体组织,经回火热处理后,平均晶粒尺寸增大,热轧晶粒尺寸越细小,长大越明显。550~650℃回火促使纳米钛钒碳化物进一步析出是回火钢板强度和硬度提高的主要原因;700℃回火时铁素体晶界出现了数百纳米至1μm的渗碳体颗粒,纳米钛钒钼碳化物减少,降低了沉淀强化作用,铁素体晶粒也粗化,导致了强度下降。     

低合金钢焊接粗晶区连续冷却铁素体相变规律

 利用焊接粗晶区连续冷却淬火方法,对比分析了钛处理钢和普通C Mn钢焊接粗晶区连续冷却不同阶段的相变组织,研究了铁素体相变规律。结果表明,C Mn钢焊接粗晶区主要为晶界铁素体+魏氏组织铁素体;钛处理钢焊接粗晶区主要为晶界铁素体+魏氏组织铁素体+晶内铁素体组织。在钛处理钢中,晶界铁素体、魏氏组织铁素体和晶内铁素体的相变开始温度相同,但各自长大的动力学条件不同。当晶内铁素体和魏氏组织铁素体竞争发生相变时,晶内铁素体在晶内弥散分布氧化物夹杂上的非均质形核抑制了魏氏组织铁素体向晶内的长大。     

电弧增材制造HSLA钢的组织演变行为与力学性能

 电弧增材制造是成形高性能HSLA钢构件的重要新方法。为了明晰HSLA钢在电弧增材制造时的组织演变行为,研究了构件在堆积成形时的温度场、热循环、热影响区分区及其组织转变。结果表明,电弧增材制造过程中,HSLA钢堆积金属包含凝固区与热影响区,热影响区可分为粗晶区、正火区和回火区。凝固区在热循环作用下先后转变为粗晶区、正火区,最终成为回火区;同时,堆积金属中的残留铁素体晶核、夹杂物附近的高密度位错、铁素体感生形核、第二相质点钉扎晶界和连续动态再结晶共同促进组织细化,使粗大的柱状晶、块状铁素体、侧板条铁素体以及少量针状铁素体、珠光体演变为细小的等轴铁素体和珠光体,有利于提高构件强韧性并抑制力学性能各向异性。构件垂直与水平抗拉强度分别为519.6、520.8 MPa,-20 ℃冲击功分别为124.7、122.1 J。     

冷却条件对EH40钢板坯表层奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

铸坯表层异常长大的奥氏体晶粒是产生横裂纹的重要原因之一,研究冷却过程对其生长行为的影响对科学制定连铸工艺、降低铸坯裂纹敏感性有重要意义。采用原创连铸坯凝固过程热模拟方法,再现了EH40低碳船板钢板坯的凝固过程,观察在传统板坯连铸条件下,2种结晶器冷却强度对铸坯表层奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响。结果表明,在结晶器冷却阶段,热模拟坯表层5 mm的绝大多数奥氏体晶粒短轴尺寸均不超过0.5 mm,但已出现粗大晶粒,且强冷条件下奥氏体晶粒尺寸平均值和极大值均更大,分别为弱冷条件下的2.5倍和2.0倍。在足辊区到矫直点区间,表层奥氏体晶粒生长非常缓慢,平均尺寸仍未超过0.5 mm。矫直点处,结晶器强冷热模拟坯表层20 mm的晶粒短轴最大尺寸为2.2 mm,为弱冷条件下的1.7倍。综上,奥氏体晶粒在连铸不同阶段表现为不同的生长行为,且采用结晶器弱冷更有利于EH40钢板坯获得相对细小的表层奥氏体晶粒。     

酸溶铝含量对取向硅钢常化抑制剂析出的影响

以工业0.27 mm规格高磁感取向硅钢为研究对象,研究了酸溶铝(Als)含量对常化板析出物析出行为的影响.结果表明:常化板中的析岀物主要是AlN与MnS和AlN的复合析出物,随着Als含量的升高,析出物数量增加,但析出物平均尺寸变化不大.常化板中粗大的析出物大多是复合析出物,且多是以MnS为核心,AlN在MnS表面析出,而常化板中细小的析出物多为单一的析出物.常化冷却阶段,由于过饱和的Al和N在珠光体区域附近更多地析出,常化板珠光体区域附近存在较多细小的AlN粒子.     

Analysis on the Microstructure and Performance Evolvement of Alloyed Tool Steel Hot Rolling Strip Produced by CSP Technology

This thesis determinates the microstructure and inclusions of the alloyed tool steel by CSP processing with the help of SEM.The results show that the slab microstructures are the fine branched crystalline grains and the branch width has little disparity from the surface to the central region.For the product,the grain microstructures are fine pearlites and few ferrites with the pearlite space 0.4μm to 0.2μm.     

热装热轧微合金钢板表面裂纹分析

 利用金相观察、扫描电镜及能谱分析和透射电镜等手段,对热装热轧微合金钢板出现的表面裂纹进行分析研究,并与使用同批次连铸坯冷装热轧无裂纹的钢板进行比较,分析产生表面裂纹的原因。实验结果表明热装热轧微合金钢板产生表面裂纹的原因是铸坯冷却或加热过程中Cu、As低熔点元素在奥氏体晶界的偏聚。与热装热轧板相比,冷装热轧板晶粒尺寸小直径在10μm左右,而热装热轧板晶粒尺寸大且不均匀。热轧板析出物尺寸在15～25nm之间,裂纹源处较基体多,大量细小的Nb(C,N)化合物在奥氏体晶界析出,降低了晶界强度。     

Controlled drawing to produce desirable hardness and microstructural gradients in alloy 302 wire

The production of a macroscopically duplex microstructure in stainless steel alloy 302 wire, fine grains on the wire surface and coarse grains at the wire interior, was investigated by systematically varying the drawing angle from 8 to 32 deg and the reduction from 1 to 15 pct. The measured hardness gradient was correlated to the microstructure after heat treating at 1000 °C for 0.5 hours. It was determined that the wire surface must exceed a hardness level of 207 KHN for recrystallization to a fine grain size, while the wire core must be hardened to a level between 166 and 207 KHN for grain growth. The deformation zone geometry parameter (Δ) for wire drawing, which is conventionally employed to give a relative measure of the strain distribution in a wire workpiece as a function of die angle and reduction, was utilized in the design of the experimental drawing schedules. The magnitude of measured hardness gradients and the corresponding calculated value of Δ were found to vary similarly with die angle but differently with reduction. At constant total reduction, multiple- and single-step drawing schedules produced equivalent hardness gradients, even though the calculated values for Δ indicated that the former would give a steeper gradient. Wires with two widely differing grain size gradients, coarse and fine vs. fine and coarse at the wire surface and center, were headed. The wire with fine grains on the surface had the higher resistance to surface cracking.     

Austenite Grain Growth and the Surface Quality of Continuously Cast Steel

Austenite grain growth does not only play an important role in determining the mechanical properties of steel, but certain surface defects encountered in the continuous casting industry have also been attributed to the formation of large austenite grains. Earlier research has seen innovative experimentation, the development of metallographic techniques to determine austenite grain size and the building of mathematical models to simulate the conditions pertaining to austenite grain growth during the continuous casting of steel. Oscillation marks and depressions in the meniscus region of the continuously casting mold lead to retarded cooling of the strand surface, which in turn results in the formation of coarse austenite grains, but little is known about the mechanism and rate of formation of these large austenite grains. Relevant earlier research will be briefly reviewed to put into context our recent in situ observations of the delta-ferrite to austenite phase transition. We have confirmed earlier evidence that very large delta-ferrite grains are formed very quickly in the single-phase region and that these large delta-ferrite grains are transformed to large austenite grains at low cooling rates. At the higher cooling rates relevant to the early stages of the solidification of steel in a continuously cast mold, delta-ferrite transforms to austenite by an apparently massive type of transformation mechanism. Large austenite grains then form very quickly from this massive type of microstructure and on further cooling, austenite transforms to thin ferrite allotriomorphs on austenite grain boundaries, followed by Widmanstätten plate growth, with almost no regard to the cooling rate. This observation is important because it is now well established that the presence of a thin ferrite film on austenite grain boundaries is the main cause of reduction in hot ductility. Moreover, this reduction in ductility is exacerbated by the presence of large austenite grains.     

LCD溅射靶材用大尺寸钼板工艺、组织、织构与性能研究

进行了烧结、轧制工艺对比试验,研究了粉末粒度、形貌和烧结工艺对大型钼烧结板坯组织和性能的影响;轧制方式对LCD溅射靶材用大尺寸钼板微观组织、织构以及性能的影响,探讨了影响LCD溅射靶材用大尺寸钼板组织、织构及性能的主要因素。结果表明：制备大型烧结钼板坯可选用颗粒大小较为均匀、分布疏松、粗细搭配合理的中等粒度钼粉;相比普通钼板坯而言,通过延长保温时间,1900℃高温氢气中频烧结,可制备轧制大尺寸钼靶材用大型钼板坯;LCD溅射靶材用大尺寸钼板轧制总加工率需大于70％;采用1火次多道次单向轧制工艺,正常轧制的LCD溅射靶材用长条形钼板再结晶退火后可得到均匀细小的等轴晶粒组织;由于纵向开坯轧制阶段的不均匀变形（非正常轧制）,导致包覆横轧得到的LCD溅射靶材用宽幅矩形钼板再结晶退火后组织不均匀,细晶粒和粗大晶粒并存;单向正常轧制的LCD溅射靶材用长条形钼板再结晶退火后近表层无明显优先织构取向。纵向开坯轧制,然后用包覆换向横轧得到的LCD溅射靶材用宽幅钼板再结晶退火后近表层存在较强的{0,0,1}〈1,-1,0〉、{0,0,1}〈6,-1,0〉和{0,1,1}〈1,0,0〉织构。     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Austenite Grain Growth Behavior in Hot Forging Processes of 300M Steel Large Components

The microstructure models were integrated into finite element (FE)code,and a three-dimensional (3D) FE analysis on the entire hot forging processes of 300M steel large components was performed to predict the distri-butions of effective strain,temperature field and austenite grain size.The simulated results show that the finest grains distribute in the maximum effective strain region because large strain induces the occurrence of dynamic re-crystallization.However,coarse macro-grains appear in the minimum effective strain region.Then,300M steel forg-ing test was performed to validate the results of FE simulation,and microstructure observations and quantitative analysis were implemented.The average relative difference between the calculated and experimental austenite grain size is 7.5 6%,implying that the present microstructure models are reasonable and can be used to analyze the hot forging processes of 300M steel.