基于多Agent的虚拟企业系统中通信机制

虚拟企业是面向21世纪提高企业竞争力的有力手段。分析了虚拟企业的基本概念、特点以及体系结构；介绍了Agent的定义、特点和有关Multi-Agent的相关内容：提出了基于Multi-Agent的分布式虚拟企业的体系结构，描述了该系统各Agent之间的通信机制。     

基于多智能体建模的知识转移激励机制的演化博弈模型与仿真

虚拟企业盟员间的知识转移,能够增加盟员企业收益;盟主企业对盟员企业知识转移的激励行为,能够适当降低盟员企业知识转移的风险和成本,提高整个虚拟企业的知识收益。依据演化博弈理论及虚拟企业知识转移基本理论,采用复杂适应系统多智能(Multi-Agent)体的整体建模仿真方法,在NetLogo仿真平台上建立知识转移激励行为的演化博弈仿真模型,在不同的收益参数下对盟主企业的知识转移激励行为与盟员企业间知识转移进行演化博弈分析,得出盟主企业在针对盟员企业知识转移行为时应采取的策略。通过对虚拟企业知识转移激励机理的演化博弈分析,将有助于虚拟企业知识转移激励机制的建立。     

基于因特网环境的虚拟企业资源计划VERP

因特网环境下,企业为了抓住机遇、快速响应市场、赢得竞争,就必须进行面向虚拟企业的资源计划。该文提出并研究了因特网环境下的虚拟企业资源计划VERP;规划出虚拟企业资源计划系统,包括系统层次结构设计、功能模块结构设计、数据库服务器结构设计。     

基于Web服务的虚拟企业协同计划调度系统研究*

虚拟企业由于其成员企业的分散性及组织形式的松散性,协同计划与调度系统对于企业成员之间的有效的计划协调意义重大。分析了虚拟企业中对于协同计划调度的需求,参照PSLX框架和BPEL4WS规范提出了基于Web服务的协同计划调度系统体系结构与实现方案。     

虚拟企业制造资源计划V_MRPII系统分析与设计

根据虚拟企业的特点,对虚拟企业生产制造过程进行分析,认为虚拟企业的生产制造与一般企业的生产制造管理模式的最大区别在于它是以项目驱动的典型的ETO生产方式,因此其生产计划体系与传统的制造资源计划MRPII不同,传统的MRP处理逻辑不适应虚拟企业的生产过程。文章根据虚拟企业的特征提出了一个面向虚拟企业的制造资源计划V_MRPII。该系统改变了传统的生产计划与控制模式,实现了面向虚拟企业进行资源的优化。     

基于工作流的虚拟企业信息管理模型

现代企业生产环境随着生产的全球化已经跨越 了国界,进行全球范围内的资源优化配置是有效利用全球资源的理想方案, 虚拟企业正是在 此需求下产生的．由于虚拟企业的分布式特点,其信息管理不同于传统的本地的管理方式． 本文给出一个基于工作流的虚拟企业信息管理模型,此模型支持的异构环境是地理上分散的 ,涉及到不同的应用包,多平台、多协议和多种用户界面,为虚拟企业生产信息管理提出了 一种方案．     

基于多智能体的虚拟企业群协同生产调度模式研究

为了实现虚拟企业群的协同生产调度, 提高企业群整体运作水平, 建立了基于多智能体的虚拟企业群制造企业生产调度模型, 分析了生产计划调度及信息交互作用。在企业协同层, 提出了基于多目标和价格协商的供应商选择过程, 确定了合作伙伴的初选过程方法, 企业层采用了基于EDD+SCR规则组合确定企业任务分配, 并为所有订单任务确定交货期, 各车间层则根据企业层的生产计划进行车间生产调度安排。最后, 运用Swarm仿真软件平台对案例进行仿真分析, 验证了提出的生产调度模式可以有效提高各企业的车间负载率, 并使车间负载率在短时间内达到稳定状态, 从而合理有效地利用企业资源。     

基于Multi-Agent的虚拟企业集成框架研究

本文采用多智能体技术构建虚拟企业集成框架 ，在该框架中，由agent代表各成员企业，相应地，多智能体系统(Multi-Agent System)代 表虚拟企业．其中重点提出了agent通用结构，它包括核心层、接口、通讯层三个组成部分 ：核心层由企业的原有系统构成，以保证企业的自治性；接口实现了agent核心层与通讯层 之间的信息交换；通讯层则支持agent之间的交互，实现企业间的合作．该虚拟企业集成框 架不仅支持虚拟企业像一个企业一样进行工作，而且实现了虚拟企业的可重用、可重构和可 扩充，并使企业根据需要同时参加多虚拟企业成为可能．     

虚拟协作能力与协作伙伴管理技术原理与应用

从ＣＳＭ的基本概念出发,在虚拟企业环境下,对ＣＳＭ技术的内涵及功能需求进行了扩展,提出了虚拟协作能力与协作伙伴管理（ＶＳＣＭ）的概念,探讨了其实现的关键技术,以及它在虚拟企业和其它具有一定敏捷性的企业中的应用特点。     

虚拟企业的安全交互模型

虚拟企业是由异构企业组成的临时动态联盟，在实际的运作中与普通企业有很大的不同，现有的各种企业CA信任模型(如等级模型、对等模型等)都无法适应虚拟企业安全交互的需求，而虚拟CA，即：VCA，为虚拟企业的安全交互提供了一种新的方法和思路，针对原有VCA方案的不足和缺陷，并结合两个虚拟企业的典型实际案例，分析出虚拟企业的主要特点和要求，由此构建了新的VCA模型，并提出了此VCA模型的比较完整的安全解决方案。     

Agent-based optimisation of logistics and production planning

Manufacturing and logistics service provision enterprises are currently moving towards open virtual enterprise collaboration networks to meet the needs of the Global Economy. In such networks, manufacturing and logistics planning and scheduling is challenging due to the difficulties in integrating information from different partners and in exploring a large and dynamically changing number of planning and scheduling alternatives. Agent-based technology is considered suitable to support planning and scheduling in such enterprises because agents can dynamically adapt their behaviour to changing requirements and they can reduce the number of planning and scheduling alternatives via negotiation.This paper presents an agent-based approach for supporting logistics and production planning, taking into account not only production schedules but also availability and cost of logistic service providers. This is achieved through efficient negotiation mechanisms based on an extended contracting protocol. The agent infrastructure is being developed within the context of Agentcities, a successful EU-funded initiative to build a world-wide distributed and open platform which provides agent-based services.The proposed approach is illustrated in a case study concerning optimisation of production planning of a virtual manufacturing enterprise in relation to sub-contracted logistic services used to transport materials between the enterprise units.     

一种基于多代理技术实现的虚拟企业中的敏捷调度

提出了一种用多代理技术和基于协商的策略解决虚拟企业调度冲突的方法。首先介绍了虚拟企业中敏捷调度的特性及调度冲突的产生,分类及解决方法,并描述了调度、计划、协商、监督执行之间的互操作,通过代理的智能,自治等特性可以较好地实现调度的敏捷性,最后给出了在一个面向虚拟企业的信息集成系统ViaSopc中基于多代理技术实现的基于协商的敏捷调度模型。     

多Agent系统安全性分析与设计

全面分析了多Agent系统的安全特性、安全风险和安全需求.在此基础上,研究了多Agent系统多层安全模型及安全多Agent系统需要提供的基础安全服务.基于FIPA-OS框架,设计并实现了一个面向Agent的二级认证PKI系统,同时提出一组安全服务Agent,为FIPA-OS框架增加了的身份鉴别、证书管理、安全审计、资源访问控制及Agent社区管理等多种安全机制.     

A re-configurable multi-agent system architecture for error recovery in production systems

Multi-agent systems for manufacturing systems appear to provide adequate response to abrupt disturbances on the shop floor. To date, most of the work has been focused on planning and scheduling but very little work has been done on issues pertaining to monitoring, diagnostics and error recovery. Our approach addresses the issue of combining the discipline of hierarchical systems with the agility of multi-agent systems. Within the context of a hierarchy, the focus is on the workstation level and, in particular, the construction of a re-configurable system having production agents, error recovery agents, and a mediator agent structure connecting production and recovery agent hierarchies. In addition, the relationship to a multi-level, multi-layer hierarchy control is established. This latter hierarchy, based on Petri Net constructs, serves, in one sense, as a retrieval based resource for process planning and generation of recovery plans for production and recovery agents within the proposed multi-agent system. An objective of this effort is to provide a test-bed for comparison of hierarchical systems, heterarchical, and a hybrid combination which is the focus of the investigation presented here.     

基于MES的光伏加工企业生产管理系统设计

MES可以为用户提供一个快速反应、有弹性、精细化的制造业环境,帮助企业减低成本、按期交货、提高产品的质量和服务质量。文章从光伏加工企业的生产流程入手,根据该类企业对生产管理系统的要求和建设目标,以及MES系统的主要特点,介绍光伏加工企业生产管理系统的设计思路。     

A sales agent for part manufacturers: VMSA

The sales activity of most parts manufacturing companies is based on orders of buyers. The process of promotion, receipt and selection of orders of the parts manufacturers is closely coupled with the load status of the production lines. On deciding whether to accept an order or not, as well as negotiating with buyers, sales persons need information such as load and schedule of production lines, and manufacturability of the order. Manufacturability analysis, process planning, and scheduling are therefore key features in developing an agent of sales activity for the parts manufacturing business. In this paper, an intelligent agent, a virtual manufacturing-based sales agent (VMSA) with multi-agent architecture is proposed to support the sales activity for the parts manufacturers in the Internet environment. A VMSA has an integrated architecture of agent and virtual manufacturing. The prototype of VMSA has been developed for a machine parts manufacturing company that has lathe machines, drilling machines, cutting machines, and milling machines.     

Multi-agent Mediator architecture for distributed manufacturing

A generic Mediator architecture for distributed task planning and coordination has been developed using multi-agent paradigms. In this approach, agents function autonomously as independent computing processes, and dynamic virtual clusters coordinate the agent's activities and decision making. This coordination involves dynamically created coordination agents and resource agents concurrently. The Mediator architecture contains three levels of these coordination agents: the template mediator, the data-agent manager, and the active mediator. The template mediator is the top-level global coordinator. This agent contains both the templates and the cloning mechanism to create the successively lower-level agents. Task plans are decomposed successively into subtasks, which are allocated to dynamically created agent clusters coordinated through data-agent managers and active mediators. Coordination of agent activity takes place both among the clusters and within each cluster. The system dynamically adapts to evolving manufacturing tasks, with virtual agent clusters being created as needed, and destroyed when their tasks are completed. The mediator architecture and related mechanisms are demonstrated using an intelligent manufacturing scheduling application. Both the machines and the parts involved in this production system are considered as intelligent agents. These agents use a common language protocol based on the Knowledge Query Manipulation Language (KQML). The generic Mediator approach can be used for other distributed organizational systems beyond the intelligent manufacturing application it was originally developed for.     

Dynamic explicitly specified behaviors in distributed agent-based industrial solutions

Currently, the manufacturing domain is primarily characterized by the flexibility, adaptability and robustness of the production system. The manufacturing flow processes lead to shorter cycle times to efficiently meet customer needs. Mentioned features can be more easily achieved in a distributed system, such as holonic or multi-agent system, which becomes strongly influenced by the advancement of semantic technologies. In the majority of existing multi-agent based control systems, which are responsible for acting, sensing, computing and production planning, the ontology (necessary for knowledge bases and communication) is usually hard-coded directly in the agent code. In this case, the hard-coded system behavior can be hardly maintained??usually system reprogramming is needed from time to time to satisfy customer requirements. In this paper we discuss the necessity of explicit definition of both declarative and procedural knowledge and propose explicit procedural knowledge handling. Sharing and distribution of such knowledge is discussed and illustrated on an implemented transportation system example. We also introduce the utilization of discussed architecture for explicit specification of agent behavior in failures patterns handling and smart grid configuration scenario. Such a solution greatly increases the possibility of system integration, openness, flexibility, and extensibility, all without having to restart the running distributed system. The topic discussed in this paper shows the ability of the dynamic reconfigurable multi-agent system to participate in development of industrial control systems and solutions.     

Reactive multi-agent system for assembly cell control

This paper presents a multi-agent system for the control of manufacturing systems. The multi-agent system is designed to provide manufacturing control with three important characteristics: high robustness, quick response and good expandability. A prototype multi-agent-based control system has been developed for a flexible assembly cell as an example. The prototype multi-agent system contains several reactive agents. Each agent acts according to its built-in behaviours, and the behaviours are able to respond to stimuli from the manufacturing environment. A system architecture to implement the multi-agent-based control system is proposed and the coordination model of the reactive agents is developed. The generic agent structure is established for individual reactive agents, and the behaviours and the subsumption architecture of each agent are designed.     

Manufacturing planning and predictive process model integration using software agents

Intelligent agents provide a means to integrate various manufacturing software applications. The agents are typically executed in a computer-based collaborative environment, referred to as a multi-agent system. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a prototype multi-agent system supporting the integration of manufacturing planning, predictive machining models, and manufacturing control. The agents within this platform have access to a knowledge base, a manufacturing resource database, a numerical control programming system, a mathematical equation solving system, and a computer-aided design system. Intelligence has been implemented within the agents in rules that are used for process planning, service selection, and job execution. The primary purposes for developing such a platform are to support the integration of predictive models, process planning, and shop floor machining activities and to demonstrate an integration framework to enable the use of machining process knowledge with higher-level manufacturing applications.