相移光纤光栅透射光谱特性研究

基于模耦合理论,利用传输矩阵法系统地分析了相移光纤光栅的透射谱特点.结果表明,相移光栅可在透射谱阻带中打开线宽极窄的一个或多个透射窗口,通过对相移光栅在不同相移量、不同位置、不同相移个数、不同kL值时的传输光谱特性进行分析研究,得到了影响其透射率以及其线宽和位置的主要因素.这些结果将对相移光纤光栅在滤波、波分复用、光纤激光器和光纤光栅传感系统的实际制作及应用有重要的指导意义.     

干涉型光纤光栅水听器实验研究

介绍了干涉型光纤光栅水听器的传感原理,阐述了光纤光栅水听器的干涉仪解调实验系统构成方式。利用金属弹性片增敏结构构成的光纤光栅水听器试样,测得其增敏结果为9000倍,试样测试得到100～1000Hz内-172--164dB的相移灵敏度实验结果。     

制作光纤光栅的相移掩模-双光束干涉曝光方法

介绍将无铬相移掩模技术和双光束干涉曝光技术用于制作纳米级图形光纤光栅的基本原 理和实验系统设计。提出一种用可移动反射镜使写入光束扫描固定在一起的相移掩模和光纤组合体制作光纤光栅的方法,既便于系统调整,增强曝光能量,又可方便制作高分辨力、长尺寸光纤光栅,无论是周期光栅,还是非周期光栅。     

采用光纤布喇格光栅对的窄带光谱测试

利用光纤布喇格光栅的调谐特性,提出一个在光纤光栅调谐范围内对光纤光栅的布喇格波长、波长的漂移以及引起光纤光栅波长漂移的物理量进行检测的方案。采用悬臂梁结构,利用光纤布喇格光栅对的方法增大了光纤光栅的调谐范围。     

基于相移光纤光栅传感器的碳纤维增强树脂复合材料基体裂纹超声探伤

复合材料内部的微小裂纹常会引起后续严重的破坏,因此需要对其进行检测。然而超声探伤复合材料基体裂纹非常困难。本文搭建了一个具有高灵敏度、大带宽的相移光纤光栅超声传感系统,利用此系统探测了在正交铺层碳纤维增强树脂复合材料板中传播的Lamb波。对Lamb波进行数据处理发现,随着三点弯曲实验产生的基体裂纹个数增加,Lamb波的幅值和频谱峰值线性减少。通过和传统压电传感器比较表明,相移光纤光栅传感器测得的Lamb波信号随复合材料基体裂纹数的增加其幅值具有更高的下降速率,表明相移光纤光栅传感器更适合于复合材料基体裂纹的超声探伤。研究表明,新开发的传感系统能够探测到中心频率为300 kHz的微弱超声信号,并能够对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料板中微小基体裂纹个数进行精确评估。      

基于光纤光栅的铝合金腐蚀监测研究

铝合金腐蚀是导致航空器性能下降的主要原因之一.铝合金腐蚀初期以点蚀为主,体积几乎不改变,结合铝合金腐蚀的这一特点,设计了基于光纤光栅的薄片型和应力束缚型两种腐蚀监测结构,对铝合金腐蚀进行了实验研究.腐蚀发生前,对光纤光栅施加一定预应力,随着腐蚀的发生应力被逐渐释放,通过测量传感波长的漂移量就可以得到铝合金的腐蚀情况.实验表明,基于光纤光栅的腐蚀监测结构能够真实的反应铝合金的腐蚀情况,并且光纤光栅本身具有体积小、抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀的特点,非常适合于航空器的铝合金腐蚀监测.     

光子晶体光纤光栅反射谱及时延特性研究

利用多极法对包层空气孔为正六边形对称结构光子晶体光纤的模式场进行了分析,计算出不同波长下基模的有效折射率,结合使用模式耦合理论和传输矩阵法对基于光子晶体光纤的布拉格光栅特性进行了计算和仿真,对比了常规单模光纤所成光栅与相同光栅周期的光子晶体光纤布拉格光栅反射谱及时延特性之间的差异.在此基础上,对光纤光栅的切趾特性进行了研究,选择不同的切趾函数,得出最佳切趾函数下光栅传输谱.理论计算和仿真结果表明,随波长增加,基模有效折射率下降,光栅谐振波长出现蓝移,采用啁啾化处理后,10 cm长光子晶体光纤光栅可以提供1 200 ps以上的线性时延.     

混凝土结构的光纤光栅智能监测技术

根据混凝土结构的内部应变监测需要，提出了光纤光栅管式封装应变传感器，并对其传感特性进行了研究；探讨了光纤布拉格光栅传感元件在混凝土结构中的布设工艺，并用光纤光栅监测了水泥净浆的固化过程；用管式封装光纤光栅与裸光栅对钢筋温凝土梁进行了应变监测；最后将光纤光栅传感器成功地应用于黑大公路大桥。     

基于电磁场理论的光纤光栅孤子的理论分析

在电磁场理论基础上建立了光纤光栅孤子的矩阵传递函数进行理论分析.基于电磁场理论建立了光纤光栅中的孤子的光波传播电磁波模型,并用光波的复振幅矢量表达式描述,利用Cayley-Hamilton定理和第二类切比雪夫多项式进行化简计算.基于此数学模型的光栅反射率和透射率的数学分析,从理论上得到关于长短周期光栅和深浅度调制光栅的特性分析,并得到光栅初始位置的向前向后电场幅值差对终端孤子的电场分布的影响.此方法对进一步分析非线性光纤光栅的特性和多种形式的光纤光栅的制作有通用价值.     

光纤布拉格光栅温度传感特性与实验研究

从光纤布拉格光栅温度传感模型出发,对光纤布拉格光栅温度传感的理论进行了分析,并通过实验对裸光栅的温度特性进行了研究,推导出了光纤布拉格光栅温度传感的一阶有效线性灵敏度系数的解析式。实验结果表明,光纤光栅在所测温度范围内具有良好的线性特性,与理论结果基本一致。表明光纤光栅温度传感的理论模型具有良好的实验基础。     

Design and characteristics of refractive index sensor based on thinned and microstructure fiber Bragg grating

A refractive index sensor based on the thinned and microstructure fiber Bragg grating (ThMs-FBG) was proposed and realized as a chemical sensing. The numerical simulation for the reflectance spectrum of the ThMs-FBG was calculated and the phase shift down-peak could be observed from the reflectance spectrum. Many factors influencing the reflectance spectrum were considered in detail for simulation, including the etched depth, length, and position. The sandwich-solution etching method was utilized to realize the microstructure of the ThMs-FBG, and the photographs of the microstructure were obtained. Experimental results demonstrated that the reflectance spectrum, phase shift down-peak wavelength, and reflected optical intensity of the ThMs-FBG all depended on the surrounding refractive index. However, only the down-peak wavelength of the ThMs-FBG changed with the surrounding temperature. Under the condition that the length and cladding diameter of the ThMs-FBG microstructure were 800 and 14 mum, respectively, and the position of the microstructure of the ThMs-FBG is in the middle of grating region, the refractive index sensitivity of the ThMs-FBG was 0.79 nm/refractive index unit with the wide range of 1.33-1.457 and a high resolution of 1.2 x 10(-3). The temperature sensitivity was 0.0103 nm/ degrees C, which was approximately equal to that of common FBG.     

Uniformly thinned optical fibers produced via HF etching with spectral and microscopic verification

A method for producing uniformly thinned (etched) optical fibers is described, which can also be employed to etch optical fibers containing a Bragg grating (FBG) uniformly for evanescent-field-based sensing and other applications. Through a simple modification of this method, the fabrication of phase-shifted FBGs based on uneven etching is also shown. The critical role of how a fiber is secured is shown, and the success of the method is illustrated, by differential interference contrast microscopy images of uniformly etched FBGs. An etched FBG sensor for the monitoring of the refractive index of different glycerin solutions is demonstrated.     

Bragg gratings printed upon thin glass films by excimer laser irradiation and selective chemical etching

Photon-induced property changes of sputter-deposited GeO(2)-SiO(2) thin glass films were investigated. Irradiation with ArF laser pulses induced the changes in refractive index of -10% and volume of +30% in the film without ablation. A Bragg grating with a positive sinusoid wave pattern was printed upon the film by irradiation with ArF excimer laser pulses through a phase mask. The irradiated area could be quickly etched by a HF solution. The ratio of etching rate of irradiated area to unirradiated area was higher than 30. A Bragg grating with a surface relief pattern was successfully formed on the film by irradiation with excimer laser pulses followed by chemical etching. Diffraction efficiency of the gratings increased by 25 times with the etching.     

Distributed measurement of static strain in an optical fiber with multiple bragg gratings at nominally equal wavelengths

The Fourier transform relationship between the reflected light froma Bragg grating and the complex spatial modulation of the Bragg grating is used to produce a distributed strain sensing system. A tunable external cavity diode laser along with a reference reflector in anoptical fiber are used to produce a measurement of the phase and amplitude of the reflected light from the modulated Bragg grating as a function of wavelength. The system is demonstrated with 22 Bragg gratings in a single fiber on a cantilever beam and compared with foil strain gauge readings.     

Theoretical investigation on the temperature characteristics of liquid-cladding micro/nanofiber Bragg grating

Based on the functions of the effective refractive index of fundamental mode in step-index fiber, a theoretical mode about the Bragg wavelength shift of micro/nanofiber Bragg grating (MNFBG) is presented. The numerical simulation results demonstrate, for a MNFBG with given radius, the Bragg wavelength shifts to short wavelength as ambient temperature increases, and the reason results from the effective index decreasing with the increase of ambient temperature. Moreover, with the reduction of fiber-core radius, as well as the increase of ambient index and its thermo-optic coefficient, the temperature sensitivity, linearity and linear response range of the temperature-dependent Bragg wavelength shift are improved obviously. Especially for a MNFBG with fiber radius smaller than 0.5?μm, the linearity of Bragg wavelength shifting with temperature will be close to the theoretical limit, and the temperature sensitivity is proportional to the thermo-optic coefficient of the ambient liquid. Compared with the temperature properties of conventional fiber Bragg grating (FBG), all the results will provide much theoretical guides for FBG applied in fiber sensing and communication.     

Refractive index and temperature sensitivity characteristics of a micro-slot fiber Bragg grating

Fabrication and characterization of a UV inscribed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a micro-slot liquid core is presented. Femtosecond (fs) laser patterning/chemical etching technique was employed to engrave a micro-slot with dimensions of 5.74 μm(h)×125 μm(w)×1388.72 μm(l) across the whole grating. The device has been evaluated for refractive index (RI) and temperature sensitivities and exhibited distinctive thermal response and RI sensitivity beyond the detection limit of reported fiber gratings. This structure has not just been RI sensitive, but also maintained the robustness comparing with the bare core FBGs and long-period gratings with the partial cladding etched off.     

Effects of fibre grating parameters on the spectral characteristics of cascaded long- and short-period gratings

Using coupled-mode theory combined with the transfer matrix method, this paper presents the impact of fibre grating parameters(grating period, grating length and average index modulation) and the separation between long-period fibre grating and fibre Bragg grating (FBG) on the reflection spectra of cascaded long-and short-period grating (CLBG). Two grating periods and two grating lengths have only impact on the two reflection peaks. The two resonance wavelengths shift towards the longer wavelength when the period of FBG decreases. Further, we study the sensing characteristics of coated CLBG. By analysing the relationship between the refractive index sensitivity and the thin film parameters (film refractive index and film thickness), the optimized parameters for the coated CLBG used as film sensor were obtained. Data simulation shows that the resolution of the refractive index of this coated CLBG film sensor is predicted to be 10^?6. This implies that the coated CLBG has an important application value in sensing and measurement field.     

Thinned fiber Bragg gratings as refractive index sensors

In this work, highly sensitive refractive index measurements have been experimentally demonstrated by using thinned fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. When the cladding diameter is reduced, significant changes in the effective refractive index occur due to surrounding medium refractive index modifications, leading to Bragg wavelength shifts. Uniformly thinned FBGs have been obtained by using wet chemical etching in hydrofluoric acid solutions. In order to prove sensor sensitivity, experimental tests have been carried out by using glycerine solutions with well-known refractive indices. Obtained results agree well with the numerical analysis carried out by using the three-layer fiber model. If the cladding layer is completely removed, resolutions of /spl ap/10/sup -5/ and /spl ap/10/sup -4/ for the outer refractive index around 1.450 and 1.333, respectively, are possible. Finally, a novel approach based on the selective etching along the grating region has been analyzed, leading to high-sensitivity refractive index sensors based on intensity measurements.     

Optical fiber Bragg gratings. Part II. Modeling of finite-length gratings and grating arrays

A model of both uniform finite-length optical fiber Bragg gratings and grating arrays is presented. The model is based on the Floquet-Bloch formalism and allows rigorous investigation of all the physical aspects in either single- or multiple-periodic structures realized on the core of a monomodal fiber. Analytical expressions of reflectivity and transmittivity for both single gratings and grating arrays are derived. The influence of the grating length and the index modulation amplitude on the reflected and transmitted optical power for both sinusoidal and rectangular profiles is evaluated. Good agreement between our method and the well-known coupled-mode theory (CMT) approach has been observed for both single gratings and grating arrays only in the case of weak index perturbation. Significant discrepancies exist there in cases of strong index contrast because of the increasing approximation of the CMT approach. The effects of intragrating phase shift are also shown and discussed.     

Advanced cure monitoring by optoelectronic multifunction sensing system

In this work, a dual functionality fiber optic sensing system for thermoset cure monitoring has been developed and successfully tested. Principle of operation relies on the use of a standard optical fiber in single ended configuration containing a single in-fiber Bragg grating. The change in refractive index directly related to material density at fiber end and the variation in the wavelength reflected by the fiber grating have been monitored simultaneously, throughout an In-Mould curing process of an epoxy resin. A compact and low cost in-fiber dual wavelength demodulation system has been developed and experimental results demonstrate the capability to on line identify the degree of cure, gel point, residual stresses and the glass transition temperature of the cured resin.