超声波测距盲区研究的探讨

盲区是超声波测距系统的一项重要指标.阐述了超声波测距的基本原理,详细分析了收发一体式系统和收发分体式系统产生盲区的原因.针对收发一体式超声波测距系统,通过对当前国内外超声波测距系统开发技术和产品进行分析,全面梳理了减小盲区的主要方法.这些方法包括:通过增大回路的衰减系数和降低超声波功率,在发射端减小拖尾的方式缩小超声波测距盲区;利用时变增益放大电路减小超声测距系统的盲区;采用特殊的回波检测方法等.对于受环境所限,只能使用收发一体式超声波测距的情况下,如何尽可能缩小测量盲区是个值得研究的问题.     

一种新颖的基于二分法和模糊控制的移动机器人避障系统

针对超声波传感器波束角窄导致移动机器人存在避障盲区的现状,研究了一种新颖的超声波避障系统。该系统采用六个超声波传感器构成特别设计的超声波阵列,实现无盲区检测中大型移动机器人前方及左右两侧障碍物的位置,充分保障运行安全性;同时在避障算法上,采用二分法和模糊控制相结合的控制算法,简化了模糊控制规则使系统具有很好的智能性和实时性,实现了移动机器人选择最佳避障路径并对新增的动态障碍物进行避障。将此避障控制系统应用于移动机器人上,实验结果表明：在未知环境下,实现对移动机器人周边的无盲区检测,并且能够实时根据周围障碍物的动态情况选择最佳避障路径,避免了其它避障控制算法中易出现的误避障和二次避障的情况。     

钢轨超声波探伤自动化解决方案

由于铁路运输高速重载的不断增长，从而对钢轨质量提出了越来越高的要求，在线超声波探伤成为生产高质量钢轨的必要手段。本文针对攀钢现有钢轨超声波探伤装置较为简单、其探伤盲区大、探伤结果不可靠等缺陷，提出了基于多通道、多探头和全断面检测的超声波探伤自动化解决方案；     

力矩限制器算法与存在问题分析

介绍汽车起重机力矩限制器系统工作过程检测与控制方法，分析力矩限制器的系统算法，从算法的缺陷提出对汽车起重机力矩测试存在的问题，造成工作盲区的分析，研究解决问题的方向。     

超声波测距系统的开发与研究

论述一种用于移动探雷机器人越障的超声波测距系统。硬件上运用包络整形技术提高时间点检测的准确度,软件上使用盲区处理、数理统计、稳定性检测、发射功率动态改变技术提高测量精度和减少盲区范围。实验证明系统具有测量盲区小、远近距离测量较稳定、精度符合工程指标的特点。可在需要测量盲区小、测量精度较高的环境中应用。     

单向碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷垂直涡流检测有限元仿真研究

针对单向碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷难以检测的问题,设计了一个共面三矩形线圈探头,建立了利用该探头进行单向碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷垂直涡流检测的有限元模型,并利用该模型仿真计算了存在不同厚度分层缺陷时垂直涡流检测探头输出的感应电压信号变化情况。仿真结果表明,所设计的探头可灵敏地检测出单向碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷,并且在探头扫描检测分层缺陷的过程中,探头输出的感应电压虚部会出现成对的峰值和次峰值,峰值与分层厚度成正比,次峰值对的出现位置对应于分层缺陷边缘的位置,通过对峰值大小和次峰值对的出现位置进行分析,可以实现单向碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷厚度和范围的定量化评估,为实际工程应用提供了有价值的参考。     

钢管端头盲区高速干磁粉成像检测方法

在漏磁无损探伤中,钢管端头存在端部效应,会造成钢管端头的检测盲区。为了消除管端缺陷检测的盲区,实现端头盲区的高速检测,提出了一种基于干磁粉成像的视觉检测方法。该方法通过在钢管端部表面施加干法红色磁粉,利用漏磁检测的磁化场形成磁痕,在互补的红色和绿色光源下分别成像,其中红色光源增强、绿色光源减弱磁痕灰度,并通过图像差分消除背景噪声和增强磁痕特征,从而准确地实现钢管端头盲区的快速检测。通过搭建实验平台,开展实验及图像处理耗时分析,结果表明,该方法可以实现对钢管端头盲区的高速有效检测。     

浅谈热轧无缝钢管质量缺陷的检测方法

无缝钢管生产企业在管材加工成形工艺中一般都用计算机在线预报、检测钢管质量的环节来保证管材的出厂质量。文章简述了钢管常规无损检测法的原理、应用及其检测的局限性,组合无损自动探伤检测法及ANSYS有限元分析软件的应用,以此达到激发工程人员对如何提高管材表面质量缺陷检测精确性的问题的认识和思考的目的。     

超声波传感器在混凝土无损检测系统中的应用研究

设计了一种用于混凝土无损检测的超声波检测仪,介绍了超声波检测的基本原理和系统设计,着重讨论了其发射系统和接收系统的设计方案,进行了无缺陷和有缺陷混凝土灌注桩的测试实验,并对测试数据及波形分析处理.从实验结果表明,该测试仪检测混凝土缺陷快速准确,误差小,具有一定的实用价值.     

基于多传感测距控制系统研究与设计

基于超声波和红外测距原理,设计了一种基于多传感的测距控制系统.系统有效避免了超声波传感测距0-20cm检测盲区.系统在数据处理中采用了时间放大、温度补偿、时间延迟补偿等技术,提高了检测精度.文章介绍了系统设计原理及部分软硬件设计.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.