基于技术创新动力机制的企业发展对策研究

分析企业内部、外部技术创新动力.内部动力主要采自具有创新意识的企业家、企业技术创新能力、创新型企业文化;外部动力主要由科技推动、市场拉动、政府推动构成.在此基础上提出提升企业技术创新能力的对策建议,为增强企业技术创新动力、创造良好的技术创新外部环境提供参考.     

基于制度结构的企业持续技术创新动力评价

基于制度结构影响和作用的企业持续技术创新机理,结合企业持续技术创新动力模型,构建了基于制度结构的企业持续技术创新动力模型.利用AHP法对指标体系进行权重计算后,对云南铜业集团、联想集团以及中兴通讯收集数据并对其持续技术创新动力进行评价,得出制度结构是影响企业持续技术创新动力的最主要因素,完善的产权制度安排、企业家管理制度、人才资源管理制度以及技术创新管理制度是企业增强持续技术创新内部动力的最主要驱动力;此外,政府政策支持、公平竞争的市场环境等也是影响企业持续技术创新外部动力的主要因素.     

企业社会资本对技术创新绩效的作用机理分析

企业技术创新不是单因素孤立作用的结果,而是多种要素共同作用的结果。企业家是企业技术创新的支配者．知识是技术创新的关键资源,社会资本是技术创新的重要保障。从企业家、知识和社会资本三者之间的交互作用视角．综合分析了企业技术创新的综合完整机理。     

企业社会资本对技术创新绩效的作用机理分析

企业技术创新不是单因素孤立作用的结果,而是多种要素共同作用的结果。企业家是企业技术创新的支配者,知识是技术创新的关键资源,社会资本是技术创新的重要保障。从企业家、知识和社会资本三者之间的交互作用视角,综合分析了企业技术创新的综合完整机理。     

企业家要素资源与民营高科技企业自主技术创新的关系研究

论证企业家是促进经济增长的、具有稀缺性特点的生产要素资源,分析民营高科技企业自主技术创新的特点,并提出企业家要素资源是提高民营高科技企业自主技术创新能力的内在驱动力.     

企业持续性技术创新实现机制分析

分析了企业持续性技术创新概念、特性、实现模型以及影响要素,提出持续性技术创新动力、持续性技术创新能力以及机遇要素是企业持续性技术创新实现的三个必不可少的要素,而制度结构要素对于企业持续性技术创新实现起着重要促进与支撑作用。最后,以联想集团为例讨论了企业持续性技术创新实现机理。     

企业技术创新动力的基本构成分析及现实启示

认为来自企业内部的动力是企业创新活动的收益预期和创新成功概率预期,来自企业外部的动力是技术推力、市场激励和政府激励。对企业技术创新动力的基本构成进行分析,对于从企业、市场、政府等不同层面分别强化企业技术创新动力、推动企业技术创新,具有重要的现实意义。     

技术创新与制度和管理创新的一体化

没有制度创新作为保证,国有企业就缺乏技术创新的内在动力,也难以成为我国技术创新的主体。政企分开、股份制改造、合理的治理结构是制度创新的主要内容。管理创新是把技术创新转化为实践活动的推动力,通过管理创新形成企业对企业家、研究开发和营销人才的激励,进而推动市场创新和风险投资机制的建立。制度创新、管理创新和技术创新应该是个一体化过程。     

中小企业技术创新的价值判断与模型分析

不同模型企业的技术创新程度与其创新的主体,动力,过程等诸多因素有关,中小企业与大企业在技术创新上具有互补性,同时竞争对创新是有利的,中小企业技术创新机制的模型可以概括为“轮式模型”,其客总系统包括褚多子系统,子系统创新之间的协调是成功的关键,促进中小企业创新的思路可表示为“企业家主体,市场主导,政府激励,创新协调”。     

基于扩散源视角的技术创新扩散系统基模构建及政策解析研究

在对技术创新扩散系统复杂性特征分析的基础上,基于扩散源视角剖析技术创新扩散系统的动力要素,包括技术创新扩散系统的一级动力要素与二级动力要素,并结合扩散源企业的管理实践,构建技术创新扩散系统的成长上限基模、治标伤本基模、两败俱伤基模、富者愈富基模、饮鸩止渴基模、江河日下基模及损公利己基模,通过对各基模的耦合结构、反馈机理及政策解析进行分析,可以更深入的了解技术创新扩散系统的运行机理,也能为相关决策者的管理实践提供经验参考。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.