三聚氰胺系列阻燃剂的改性研究进展

通过对三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐阻燃剂在颗粒有机包覆改性、颗粒表面无机改性和分子结构改性等研究方向和进展的综述，和解决三聚氰胺磷酸盐类阻燃剂在阻燃材料中各组分分配不均，吸潮等缺点的研究进展综述。总结提出了三聚氰胺系列阻燃剂的研究方向应集中在提高阻燃材料的阻燃效果和力学性能，提高提高阻燃性和分散性以及通过与其它协效阻燃成分进行复配等方面，满足目前市场不同材料对阻燃剂的性能要求。     

氮化硼改性聚氨酯和聚丙烯酸系水基阻燃电缆涂层材料的性能研究

以硼酸和三聚氰胺为主要原料,分别用不同方法制备了片状、纤维状和无规颗粒状的六方氮化硼(BN)。以片状BN为改性剂,氢氧化铝和三聚氰胺磷酸盐为阻燃剂,季戊四醇为成炭剂,加入其他分散剂和增黏剂分别制备了聚氨酯和丙烯酸系聚合物水基阻燃电缆涂料,对比研究了片状氮化硼对阻燃涂料改性前后的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,氮化硼改性能提高涂层的阻燃性能,改性后能降低涂层的热释放速率、总生烟量、质量热损失速率。氮化硼改性涂料与未改性前相比难以点燃,改性后的水性聚氨酯阻燃涂料和丙烯酸系聚合物的引燃时间分别达到65 s和78 s,比未添加氮化硼改性剂时分别提高25%和13%。添加氮化硼改性剂还能够提高涂料的力学性能,在阻燃剂添加量为30%、氮化硼改性剂的添加量为15%时,丙烯酸系聚合物涂料的拉伸强度可以达到9.72 MPa,而氮化硼改性后的聚氨酯涂料的拉伸强度则达到11.77 MPa。     

摩擦材料用改性酚醛树脂的制备及应用

用三聚氰胺、腰果酚、粉末丁腈橡胶对酚醛树脂进行了改性,并将其用作摩擦材料的基体树脂。探讨了腰果酚、三聚氰胺用量等因素对改性酚醛树脂性能的影响,并对各摩擦制动材料的摩擦磨损、热衰退等性能进行了研究。结果表明:腰果酚、丁腈橡胶改性酚醛树脂(YX-PF)与三聚氰胺、腰果酚改性酚醛树脂(SY-PF)的热分解温度比普通酚醛树脂分别提高了57℃和91℃,且摩擦磨损性能优良。另外,加入丁腈橡胶可进一步提高SY-PF的综合性能。     

辅助材料

由六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺（HMMM）制得的三聚氰胺纳米粒子有独特的各向异性;结构胶粘剂的纳米和微型改性;无需模板可产生纳米结构的聚合物表面;新型分散剂提供更快的LCD屏生产     

三聚氰胺改性酶解木质素阻燃EPDM的研究

制备三聚氰胺改性酶解木质素,探讨三聚氰胺改性酶解木质素(复配微胶囊红磷)对阻燃三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,随着三聚氰胺改性酶解木质素用量增大,阻燃EPDM的阻燃性能逐渐提高;当三聚氰胺改性酶解木质素用量为50份和微胶囊红磷用量为12份时,阻燃EPDM的垂直燃烧级别达到FV-0,燃烧面形成阻燃的连续多孔炭层结构。三聚氰胺改性酶解木质素与微胶囊红磷复配作阻燃EPDM的阻燃剂具有较好的经济效益和环保效应。     

三聚氰胺纤维发展现状及其改性进展

介绍了国内外三聚氰胺纤维的发展现状及其改性技术进展;三聚氰胺纤维的制备方法,以德国BASF公司的干法纺最具代表性,其次是三聚氰胺甲醛树脂/聚乙烯醇共混纺丝技术;三聚氰胺纤维的改性主要是提高其成纤性能、热稳定性、阻燃性能及力学性能等;指出我国三聚氰胺纤维将很快进入良性工业化开发及应用时代,进一步拓宽其耐高温纤维市场。     

三聚氰胺改性树脂的研究进展

三聚氰胺改性树脂是 类逐步发展起来的新型胶粘剂，用三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂和酚醛树脂，可以提高它们的耐水性和其他性能。三聚氰胺改性树脂包括三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂(MUF)、苯酚-三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(PMF)、苯酚-尿素-三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(PUMF)、尿素苯酚-三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(UPMF)等，主要介绍了以上各种树脂的合成机理、制备工艺及其应用的研究进展情况。     

纳米二氧化硅的包覆改性及其在EVA中的分散性研究

采用正交设计方法对三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂包覆纳米SiO2的影响因素进行了考察,利用红外光谱、热分析和扫描电子显微镜对改性纳米SiO2的结构和分散性进行了研究。结果表明,以包覆量为评价标准时,反应过程中三聚氰胺/甲醛的质量比是重要影响因素,粒度分析结果表明,具有最大包覆量的纳米SiO2的粒径最小,说明在此条件下SiO2的分散情况最好,二者结合能够更好评价包覆效果。改性纳米SiO2表现出显著的三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂的光谱特征,其热行为具有显著的聚合物热降解特征;包覆改性有利于减少颗粒团聚,改善界面性能,进而促进了纳米SiO2在EVA中的分散性。     

三聚氰胺树脂纤维的改性

概述了三聚氰胺树脂纤维的阻燃机制及改性方法,特别对化学改性方法以及化学改性剂的筛选要求进行了介绍,指出改性的目的是在保持其良好的耐高温和阻燃性能的前提下改善三聚氰胺树脂纤维的柔性,提高纤维强度。     

甲基葡萄糖甙通过省级鉴定

甲基葡萄糖甙(以下称PD-2)是一种重要的有机化工助剂。目前,主要用于聚醚、三聚氰胺、尿醛酚醛的胶粘剂,醇酸树脂的表面活性剂及化妆品等产品的改性。如用固体PD-2改性三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂,不仅能提高树脂性能,而     

微胶囊化聚磷酸铵及其阻燃聚丙烯的研究进展

从聚磷酸铵（APP）的微胶囊化方法入手,以微胶囊所用囊材材料（三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、异氰酸酯聚合物、硅油以及热塑性树脂等）为主要线索,分析并讨论国内外研究微胶囊化APP所取得的成果：经三聚氰胺及三聚氰胺甲醛树脂微胶囊化后能提高APP的耐水性,并能在一定程度上提高其阻燃性能,而硅油微胶囊化后的APP具有良好的疏水性;并介绍了微胶囊化APP阻燃聚丙烯（PP）所取得的一些进展,三聚氰胺和三聚氰胺甲醛树脂微胶囊化的APP添加到PP中较一般未包覆的APP阻燃性更佳。     

三聚氰胺含量对MUF性能的影响

MUF(三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛共缩聚树脂)兼具UF(脲醛树脂)和MF(三聚氰胺甲醛树脂)的优点,通过调节m(三聚氰胺)/m(尿素)配比,可得到性价比较高的MUF;然后采用MUF胶粘剂制备刨花板,并考察了三聚氰胺含量对刨花板的内结合强度、耐水性和耐沸水性等影响。结果表明:三聚氰胺的引入,虽能有效提高MUF的性能,但并非加量越多越好;当w(三聚氰胺)=11.0%~14.0%时,MUF的性价比相对最高,相应刨花板的内结合强度、耐水性和耐沸水性俱佳。     

Preparation and properties of acrylic melamine hard coating

Melamine resin polymers exhibit high transmittance, high pencil hardness, and high refractive index. However, high temperatures and long reaction times are required to obtain the desired condensation products. In this study, acrylic‐modified melamine resins were synthesized that were cured by irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. The synthesized acrylic‐modified melamine resins could be cured rapidly due to the radical reaction of the acrylic groups and retained high transparency and high refractive index as features of the melamine resin polymers. The polymerized film by UV curing had low shrinkage and high refractive index. Compared with general multifunctional moiety‐type acrylic monomers such as pentaerythritol triacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, the acrylic‐modified melamine resins had the same degree of hardness. In addition, flexibility, a feature of the urethane moiety, was imparted to the polymer by the reaction of residual hydroxyl groups with isocyanate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 000: 000–000, 2010     

Co‐polymerization analysis of thermosetting resins using 1H‐15N‐13C triple resonance NMR spectroscopy

¹H‐¹⁵N‐¹³C correlation NMR spectroscopy techniques developed to identify and characterize co‐polymer fragments in melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF) and phenol‐urea‐formaldehyde (PUF) model systems have been applied to industrially prepared MUF, PUF, and phenol‐melamine‐formaldehyde (PMF) resins. The NMR data confirm that co‐polymers form in a commercially prepared MUF resin manufactured by Momentive Specialty Chemicals Pty. Ltd. Spectra from PUF model reactions were compared with those from a PUF resin and it was determined that PUF co‐polymers did not form in the resin prepared using typical temperature and pH. Finally, NMR spectroscopy was used to identify and characterize PMF co‐polymer bonds in a phenol‐melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (PMUF) resin prepared using a procedure from Momentive Specialty Chemicals Pty. Ltd. With these NMR techniques in hand, it is now possible to relate co‐polymer structures to properties of commercial thermosets. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Semiconductive polyaniline melamine–formaldehyde blend electronic barrier to corrosion

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the intrinsic semiconductive polymers and shows some useful properties: high conductivity, transparency for the red and violet domain of spectrum, good elasticity and processability, superficial tension and chemical, photochemical and electrochemical behaviour. A PANI primer coat has been developed to act as an active electronic barrier to corrosion. When overlaid with a conventional durable topcoat, the coating has been shown to protect steel against salt, pollutants and other harsh environments.

Dry blends were prepared by blending the powders of doped PANI and the host polymer, a commercial melamine–formaldehyde resin AZAMIN M514 in a mixer. The hardness, elasticity, resistance and protective behaviour of melamine–formaldehyde resin films were determined. The protective behaviour of obtained melamine–formaldehyde resin blend was evaluated from quantity of Fe (II) released by the coated carbon steel samples (exposed area 1·0 cm^–2) immersed for 1 month in 50 mL 3·5%NaCl solutions. The prepared coatings protect substrate from corrosion by stabilising the oxide layer formed on the metal surface and thus prevent the metal dissolution process. An optimum formulation of melamine–formaldehyde resin coatings with 5 wt-% doped PANI exhibits good protective behaviour.     

三聚氰胺添加方式对MUF胶粘剂性能的影响

以三聚氰胺作为脲醛树脂(UF)的共聚改性剂制备MUF(三聚氰胺甲醛树脂)胶粘剂。探讨了三聚氰胺的添加方式对MUF胶粘剂性能的影响,同时对其固化特性、分子结构和耐热性等进行了分析。结果表明:三聚氰胺2次投料法可有效降低MUF胶粘剂的甲醛释放量,但其胶接强度也随之下降;同时,该MUF固化体系的外推固化温度、表观活化能和反应级数均有所增加,耐热性降低;另外,2次投料体系使MUF的相对分子质量降低、相对分子质量分布变宽。     

Thermochemical characterization of some thermally stable thermoplastic and thermoset polymers

The thermochemical and flammability properties of some thermally stable polymers considered for use in aircraft interiors are described. The properties studied include: (a) thermomechanical properties such as glass transition and melt temperature; (b) dynamic thermogravimetric analysis in anaerobic environment; (c) flammability properties such as oxygen index, flame spread and smoke evolution; and (d) selected physical properties. The thermoplastic polymers evaluated included polyphenylene sulfide, polyaryl sulfone, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluorene polycarbonate-poly(dimethylsiloxane) and polyether sulfone. The thermoset polymers evaluated included epoxy, bismaleimide, a modified phenolic and polyaromatic melamine resin. These resins were primarily used in the fabrication of glass reinforced prepregs for the construction of experimental panels. Test results and relative rankings of some of the flammability parameters are presented and the relationship of the molecular structure, char yield, and flammability properties of these polymers are discussed.     

磷酸季戊四醇缩聚物铵盐和三聚氰胺盐对环氧树脂的阻燃研究

用氧指数测定、热分析法研究了磷酸季戊四醇缩聚物铵盐和三聚氰胺盐对环氧树脂固化物的阻燃作用,结果表明磷酸季戊四醇缩聚物的铵盐、三聚氰胺盐能较好地阻燃环氧树脂固化物,且前者比后者效果好些,但在树脂中分散性差些。磷酸季戊四醇缩聚物的铵盐、三聚氰胺盐的加入都可以提高环氧树脂的耐热性,使其热分解变得比较平稳,其中三聚氰胺盐可使环氧树脂固化物的热分解残留量大大增加,具有明显的凝聚相阻燃作用。     

三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂粉体胶粘剂的研制

用三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂改善了胶粘剂的耐沸水性,并有效地降低了游离甲醛含量。三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂粉体胶粘剂应用更广泛,性能更可靠。