射频导管消融起源于主肺动脉干的室性早搏和/或室性心动过速

目的 探讨起源于主肺动脉干(MSPA)的室性早搏/室性心动过速(室早/室速)的电生理特征、标测方法和导管消融.方法 27例疑似右心室流出道室早/室速的患者中4例(15%)起源于MSPA,其中男性3例,平均年龄(25±10)岁.3例使用非接触式标测系统结合常规标测,1例采用常规标测.2例使用温控导管消融,2例采用冷盐水灌注导管消融.结果 1例(N4)超声心动图提示致心律失常性右心室心肌病,余3例未发现器质性心脏病.1例患者为室早/室速伴有晕厥,另3例仅有室早.室早/室速体表心电图表现为下壁导联R波振幅高、心电轴右偏和QaVL/QaVB比值较大.非接触式标测显示最早激动点位于球囊上方较远距离,激动面积大,最早激动点至爆发点距离远.成功靶点处激动较体表QRS波起始提前(28±6)ms,2例记录到等大的A波和V波,3例记录到融合的尖峰或碎裂电位,局部高能量可以获得较满意的起搏标测图形.4例患者均消融成功,随访(6.5±3.0)个月,1例复发后再次消融成功.结论 起源于MSPA的室早/室速并非少见,非接触式标测的特殊表现可快速揭示诊断,详细的激动标测和起搏标测指导的消融具有较好的临床效果.     

右室流出道室性心律失常的射频导管消融体会

目的报道右室流出道(RVOT)室性心律失常的射频导管消融(RFCA)体会。方法43例RVOT室性心律失常患者男18例、女25例,年龄39.2±15.1(13～67)岁。经血液生化、胸片、心脏彩超等检查证实无器质性心脏病证据。其中室性心动过速(VT)8例,室性早搏(PVC)35例。38例采用传统的起搏与激动标测。5例VT是在非接触标测系统EnSite3000指导下进行消融治疗的。结果①间隔部起源40例,游离壁起源3例。42例成功,1例失败,成功率97.7%,9例复发,再次标测消融后成功。②RVOT起源的VT和PVC具有典型的心电图特征,表现为典型的左束支传导阻滞型伴电轴右偏。RVOT的起源点不同,其12导联心电图特征不同,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和aVF导联呈RR′型,V1～V3具有深S波是游离壁起源的特征。③1例术中出现急性心包压塞,其心电图虽具有RVOT起源的特征,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ和aVF导联R波振幅异常增高。结论RVOT室性心律失常具有典型的心电图和电生理特征,RFCA是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。EnSite3000非接触标测系统定位快速准确,适用于血流动力学不稳定的复杂性心律失常的标测。     

单导管指导下射频消融右心室流出道特发性室性心律失常

目的 探讨单导管标测指导下特发性右心室流出道(RVOT)频发室性早搏(VPC)、室速(VT)射频消融的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析本中心2008年1月至2013年12月行单导管指导下射频消融治疗的特发性RVOT室早、室速患者共40例,男女比例1.0∶1.2,平均年龄(42.3±16.3)岁,发病时平均年龄(38.1±16.1)岁.结果 40例中单导管激动顺序标测和起搏标测确定起源于间隔部24例,游离壁16例.射频术中及术后均无并发症发生,手术即刻成功率为92.5％,随访(17.7±3.6)个月,复发6例(复发率16.2％),总成功率为77.5％.结论 特发性RVOT频发VPC、VT间隔部起源多于游离壁.单导管标测指导下射频消融RVOT室性心律失常有效、安全.     

导管射频消融右心室流出道特发性室性心动过速两种标测方法的比较

观察连续起搏标测法指导右心室流出道室性心动过速(室速 )导管射频消融治疗的实际作用。选择经心内电生理检查确诊且适合进行导管射频消融治疗的连续 2 7例右心室流出道室速病例进入观察 ,按随机数字表法分为间断起搏标测组和连续起搏标测组。间断起搏标测组的标测步骤为 :1根据自发右心室流出道室速心电图判断起源部位 ;2将大头电极送至预定部位 ,以等于或接近于自发室速的频率起搏右心室流出道 ,记录 12导联起搏心电图 ;3停止起搏 ,比较室速心电图和起搏心电图的 QRS波形态、振幅和持续时间 ;4如果两者在任何 1个导联上存在差异 ,则相应…     

特发性室性心动过速12例的电磁解剖标测系统标测和消融

目的评价电磁解剖标测系统(Carto)标测和指导射频消融在治疗特发性室性心动过速的临床应用价值。方法入选12例特发性室性心动过速患者,年龄(33±12)岁。心动过速周期(370±95)ms。室性心动过速持续发作时,7FNavi-Star在相关心室标测,实时重建心腔三维电解剖图,右心室室性心动过速在右心室流出道详细标测,根据激动图上最红色区域为较早激动部位,结合大头导管记录心室波最早、且起搏时体表12导联图形与心动过速一致处,作为消融靶点。左心室室性心动过速在间隔部细标,标识较体表QRS波及His束电位提前的P电位处,作为靶点。温控60℃放电消融。以基础态及静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素反复电生理检查.不可诱发室性心动过速作为成功消融终点。结果12例均成功消融,其中右心室室性心动过速7例,均位于右心室流出道前中间隔部,左心室室性心动过速5例,起源于左心室后中间隔4例、中下间隔近心尖部1例。1例左心室室性心动过速于心动过速在左心室后中间隔处标测时,室性心动过速终止,后标志此处作为靶点,放电消融成功。手术时间为(102±25)分钟,曝光时间为(11±7)分钟。随访6～18个月,无复发病例。结论Carto系统通过磁场标测定位,结合心内电图重建室性心动过速时心室电激动图,可有效快速寻找最早激动点或P电位处作为消融靶点,进行电解剖标测,并可在标测导管机械损伤终止室性心动过速处标志,结合起搏标测,作消融参考点指导消融,治疗特发性室性心动过速安全有效。     

特发性室性心动过速及室性期前收缩的射频消融治疗

目的探讨射频导管消融(radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA)治疗特发性室性心动过速(idiopathic ventricular tachycardia,IVT)和室性期前收缩(premature ventricualr contraction,PVC)可行性、必要性和疗效。方法回顾性分析16例IVT、PVC患者采用激动顺序标测和起搏标测法确定室性心动过速(ventricular tachycardia,VT)、PVC的起源部位并行RFCA治疗的资料。结果 3例IVT中2例起源于左室间隔部左后分支的蒲肯野系统,1例起源于右心室流出道(right ventricular outflow tract,RVOT)游离壁,同时合并另一种游离壁起源的PVC,3例消融均成功,1例复发。13例PVC中7例起源RVOT间隔部,3例起源于RVOT游离壁,1例同时存在两种形态PVC(分别起源于ROVT间隔部和游离壁),2例起源于左心室流出道,13例消融成功,1例复发。结论 RFCA治疗IVT及特定部位的PVC是安全、有效且成功率高的一种方法。     

起源于三尖瓣环的特发性室性心律失常体表心电图特点及射频导管消融治疗

目的 评估起源于三尖瓣环的室性心动过速(室速)和室性早搏(室早)的体表心电图特点及射频导管消融治疗效果.方法 共12例特发性室速/室早患者接受常规电生理检查及射频导管消融治疗,对所有病例的12导联体表心电图进行分析.结果 12例室速/室早均消融成功,并证实均起源于三尖瓣环附近,7例起源于三尖瓣环游离壁侧,5例起源于三尖瓣环间隔侧.三尖瓣环游离壁侧室速/室早QRS波平均时限长于三尖瓣环间隔侧室速/室早;游离壁侧室速/室早比间隔侧室速/室早QRS终末部更多见切迹.间隔侧室速/室早比游离壁侧室速/室早V1导联更多见QS型.结论 起源于三尖瓣环的室速/室早是特发性室速/室早的一个亚组,射频导管消融治疗可取得良好效果,掌握其体表心电图特点有助于消融术前判定室速/室早具体起源部位.     

EnSite Velocity系统指导单导管射频导管消融右心室流出道室性期前收缩的初步体会

目的探讨EnSite Velocity系统指导单导管射频消融(RFCA)治疗右心室流出道(ROVT)室性期前收缩(PVCs)的可行性。方法 28例药物未能控制的ROVT PVCs患者行单导管消融术,消融导管在EnSite Velocity系统指导下进行解剖标测重建RVOT模型,经激动顺序标测及起搏标测明确消融靶点。结果 RVOT建模时间及所需X线曝光时间为(6.6±2.2)min、(0.5±0.4)min。即刻消融成功率100%,异位起搏点起源自间隔部17例(60.7%)、前壁3例、后壁3例、游离壁5例。消融靶点较体表QRS波群起点提前(34.2±5.1)ms。手术总时间、总X线曝光时间、标测时间、消融时间分别为(56.2±13.9)min、(1.1±0.7)min、(15.5±8.2)min、(5.5±2.9)min,其中6例零X线曝光。术中、术后没有相关并发症出现,观察(19.7±8.6)d,复发1例。结论 RVOT PVCs多起源于间隔部,经EnSite Velocity系统指导的单导管消融安全有效。     

右心室流出道室性心律失常单导管射频消融治疗的临床疗效评价

目的探讨单导管标测及射频消融治疗右心室流出道室性心律失常的临床疗效。方法96例症状严重的未发现器质性心脏病的右心室流出道室性心律失常患者，男性36例，女性60例，年龄14-73岁。96例中单纯频繁发作室性早搏（室早）53例，其他为室早和室性心动过速（室速）并存。动态心电图记录术前早搏（23834．6±13064．6）次／24h。所有病例均采用起搏标测，以起搏与自然发作室早、室速12导联心电图QRS波形至少有11个导联相同作为消融靶点。结果消融即刻成功率94．8％，X线曝光时间为（7．0±4．6）min，消融时间为（48．0±20．9）min。成功消融靶点位于间隔部73例，游离壁18例。消融后早搏（452．9±909．1）次／24h，与术前比较两者间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。平均随访（20．7±11．9）个月，复发率为10．9％（10例）。其中行再次消融8例，成功5例。所有患者均未观察到急性及远期并发症的发生。结论单导管射频消融治疗右心室流出道室性心律失常安伞有效．并能减少操作及X线曝光时间。     

右室流出道心律失常的发作方式与单导管消融治疗

报道 33例右室流出道心律失常的发作方式与单导管消融治疗。 3例仅室性早搏 (简称室早 )发作 ,30例室早与室性心动过速 (简称室速 )或心室颤动 (简称室颤 )并存。其中室早合并短阵单形室速 17例 ,合并持续单形室速 6例 ,合并多形室速 4例 ,合并快速室速或心室扑动 2例 ,合并室颤 1例。单点穿刺股静脉后 ,行右房或心室造影 ,将单根多枚电极导管按需放置于右室心尖部或流出道 ,行电生理检查、起搏与激动顺序标测和消融治疗。结果 :消融成功 30例 ,成功率 91%。靶点电图较体表QRS波始点早 38± 12 .4ms。 12例成功靶点位于右室流出道游离壁、9例位于间隔部、5例在游离壁和间隔部作多点片状消融、3例位于肺动脉瓣上、1例在右室流出道间隔部和左室间隔部消融成功。操作时间 5 2± 2 2 .2min ,X线透照时间 2 6± 18.0min ,放电时间 373± 111.7s。术中 1例未诱发心律失常 ,未行消融。 3例发生并发症 ,2例终止消融。 1例右室流出道穿孔 ,心包压塞。 1例多形室速 ,消融中室早多次触发室颤。 1例剧烈胸痛 ,冠状动脉造影示前降支近端 5 0 %局限狭窄。随访 14± 4 .5个月 ,无死亡病例 ,3例复发 ,1例消融 3次均复发 ,复发率 10 %。住院总花费人均 9133± 12 0 0元。结论 :右室流出道心律失常发病形式多种多样 ,单导?     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.