Ghrelin对脂肪细胞糖代谢及胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的 观察Ghrelin对3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖代谢和胰岛素敏感性的影响,并探讨其机制.方法 体外培养3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,诱导分化为成熟的脂肪细胞,然后加入不同浓度Ghrelin作用24 h.采用2-脱氧-(3)~H-D葡萄糖摄入法,测定葡萄糖转运率;RT-PCR检测不同浓度Ghrelin作用24 h后CAPmRNA的表达.结果 10~(-9)mol/L Ghrelin作用24h,对基础状态及胰岛素刺激下,SW872脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取率无影响:10~(-8)-10~(-6)mol/L Ghrelin作用24h使基础状态及胰岛素刺激下SW872脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取率分别增加30%vs 28.6%、42.3% 38.8%、48% vs 48.4%.10~(-9)mol/LGhrelin作用24 h,对脂肪细胞CAP mRNA的表达无影响;随着Ghrelin浓度的增加,可促进CAPmRNA的表达.结论 Ghrelin通过cbl/CAP信号途径促进3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖的转运,从而增加脂肪细胞胰岛素的敏感性.     

地塞米松诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的建立

目的 应用地塞米松诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞,探讨建立方便可靠的胰岛素抵抗(IR)细胞模型的方法. 方法 3T3-L1前脂肪细胞经1-甲基-3-异丁基-黄嘌呤、地塞米松、胰岛素诱导分化成3T3-L1脂肪细胞,将其与10 nmol/L和100 nmol/L、1 μmol/L地塞米松共孵育,100 nmol/L胰岛素作用30 min刺激脂肪细胞糖转运.以葡萄糖氧化酶法测定培养液中残余的葡萄糖含量,观察地塞米松对脂肪细胞糖摄取的影响,鉴定IR模型. 结果 地塞米松抑制胰岛素诱导前后的脂肪细胞糖转运,抑制作用呈剂量依赖性,其中1 μmol/L地塞米松的抑制率分别为80%及75%(P＜0.05). 结论 地塞米松可诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞产生IR,这种细胞模型简便、可靠.     

小檗碱抑制IKKβ Ser 181磷酸化改善高糖诱导的3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗的分子机制

目的 研究小檗碱对高糖诱导的3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗的作用,探讨小檗碱改善胰岛素抵抗的分子机制.方法 以25 mmol/L葡萄糖加0.6 nmol/L胰岛素诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞产生胰岛素抵抗,予以小檗碱进行干预,同时以阿司匹林作为阳性对照,以2-脱氧-[3H]-D-葡萄糖摄人法观察葡萄糖的转运率,用Western blotting 检测IKKβ蛋白,IKKβSer 181磷酸化,IRS-1蛋白,IRS-1 Ser 307磷酸化,PI-3K p85蛋白,GLUT4蛋白的表达.结果 25 mmol/L葡萄糖加0.6 nmol/L胰岛素作用18 h使3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运抑制60%,IKKβ Ser 181磷酸化、IRS-1 Ser 307磷酸化的表达增加,IRS-1和PI-3K p85蛋白的表达减少;同时加入小檗碱或阿司匹林则可逆转上述效应.但高糖、小檗碱、阿司匹林对3T3-L1脂肪细胞IKKl3蛋白、GLUT4蛋白的表达无明显影响.结论 小檗碱可以明显改善高糖诱导的胰岛素抵抗,其分子机制可能是小檗碱通过抑制IKKβ Ser 181磷酸化,使IRS-1丝氨酸残基磷酸化减少而酪氨酸残基磷酸化增加,调节胰岛素信号蛋白的表达来实现的.     

熊果酸对3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗模型CAP表达的影响

目的：观察熊果酸对3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗模型葡萄糖消耗、摄取及细胞分化的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法：将3T3-L1前脂肪细胞诱导分化为成熟脂肪细胞,用高糖、高胰岛素联合诱导胰岛素抵抗模型。使用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测3T3-L1细胞葡萄糖消耗量,氚标葡萄糖法检测其葡萄糖摄取量,以评价模型建立情况。用四唑盐（methylthiazolyltetrazolium,MTT）比色法检测不同浓度熊果酸对3T3-L1脂肪细胞活力的影响以确定实验药物浓度。加入不同浓度熊果酸分组干预,用氚标葡萄糖法检测脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取量;用油红O色法检测3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化情况;用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法、蛋白质印迹法分别观察熊果酸对3T3-L1细胞胰岛素抵抗模型细胞分化相关蛋白脂肪细胞脂类结合蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶1和原癌基因Cbl相关蛋白（c-Cbl-associatedprotein,CAP）表达的影响。结果：在成功建立胰岛素抵抗模型的基础上,使用MTT法检测细胞活力。确定熊果酸的作用浓度在4～20μmol／L。与模型组相比,低、高剂量熊果酸组（10、20μmol／L）及罗格列酮组（5μmol／L．）葡萄糖摄取均明显升高（P〈0．01）;低、高剂量熊果酸组3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化程度低于对照组和罗格列酮组。熊果酸可明显上调3T3-I,1细胞胰岛素抵抗模型CAPmRNA及蛋白的表达（P〈0．01）。结论：熊果酸改善3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗模型糖代谢的同时可抑制其分化,这一机制可能与熊果酸上调脂肪细胞CAP的表达有关。     

小檗碱对脂肪细胞糖代谢的影响

目的探讨小檗碱对脂肪细胞糖代谢的影响.方法检测药物处理24h或48h后3T3-L1脂肪细胞对培养液中的葡萄糖消耗量,以2-脱氧-3H-D-葡萄糖摄入法观察葡萄糖的转运率. 结果在低糖(5.5mmol/L)和高糖(25mmol/L)培养液中,小檗碱皆有显著的降糖作用,0.1～200μmol/L小檗碱能使葡萄糖的消耗量增加26%～201%,其作用呈剂量效应,10μmol/L小檗碱能明显增强1、100nmol/L胰岛素的降糖作用(P＜0.01).0.1、1、10μmol/L小檗碱使3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖转运率明显增加,50、100μmol/L小檗碱使其葡萄糖转运率明显降低.结论小檗碱能显著增加脂肪细胞的葡萄糖转运和消耗.     

3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗模型建立的3种方法对葡萄糖转运时效关系的影响

目的:对比3种不同方法(地塞米松、游离脂肪酸、高糖高胰岛素)诱导的胰岛素抵抗3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖转运时效关系及对葡萄糖转运子4(Glut4)蛋白表达的影响.方法:采用3种不同方法诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞产生胰岛素抵抗,分别检测各组细胞12,24,36,48及60h时的葡萄糖转运率及各组细胞60 h后Glut4蛋白的表达.结果:在24 h内,造模组细胞的葡萄糖转运率与正常对照组相比均明显降低(P＜0.01);在24 h以后,游离脂肪酸组葡萄糖转运率与正常对照组相比无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05),地塞米松组葡萄糖转运率相比正常对照组明显降低(P＜0.05),而高糖高胰岛素组葡萄糖转运率较地塞米松组明显降低(P＜0.01);地塞米松组及游离脂肪酸组的Glut4蛋白表达水平较正常对照组明显降低(P＜0.01);相对于地塞米松组及游离脂肪酸组,高糖高胰岛素组的Glut4蛋白表达水平明显降低(P＜0.01).结论:高糖高胰岛素能够诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞产生更强的胰岛素抵抗,这种抗性的产生可能是因为抑制了Glut4蛋白的表达获得的.     

肿瘤坏死因子α诱导胰岛素抵抗细胞模型的建立及鉴定

目的：建立胰岛素抵抗3T3-L1脂肪细胞模型。方法：培养3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,诱导分化为脂肪细胞,用肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）诱导建立3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,用液态闪烁仪测定胰岛素刺激的3 H-2-DG葡萄糖摄取,评价胰岛素抵抗模型。结果：异丁基甲基黄嘌呤、胰岛素和地塞米松能成功诱导3T3-L1细胞成为成熟脂肪细胞,经TNF-α诱导后,胰岛素刺激的3H-2-DG葡萄糖摄取显著降低。结论：T NF-α诱导成熟脂肪细胞产生胰岛素抵抗,从而建立细胞胰岛素抵抗模型。     

IR-3T3-L1脂肪胰岛素抵抗细胞的建立

目的探讨3T3-L1脂肪胰岛素抵抗细胞（insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell, IR-3T3-L1）最佳的建立条件。方法采用
地塞米松（Dexamethason,DEX）、1-甲基-3-异丁基黄嘌呤（3-isobutyl-methylxanthine, IBMX）和不同浓度的胰岛素（10-8、10-7、
10-6 mol·L-1）诱导3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化为成熟的脂肪细胞,Oil red O染色确定最佳胰岛素诱导浓度,继而用1 μmol·L-1 DEX
诱导建立IR-3T3-L1 脂肪胰岛素抵抗细胞。采用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶（Glucose oxidase-peroxidase, GOD-POD）法对
IR-3T3-L1细胞的最佳诱导时间（24~120 h）及其稳定时间（24~48 h）进行了考察。结果Oil red O染色发现3T3-L1前脂肪细胞
用DEX、IBMX和10-6 mol·L-1胰岛素诱导9 d,>90% 的前脂肪细胞分化为成熟的脂肪细胞;用1 μmol·L-1 DEX培养96 h后,脂肪
细胞葡萄糖消耗率达到最大（P=0.0003）;稳定时间考察发现,在36 h内葡萄糖消耗与对照组比较有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结
论3T3-L1前脂肪细胞在1 μmol·L-1 DEX、0.5 mmol·L-1 IBMX 和10-6 mol·L-1最佳胰岛素浓度作用下诱导分化为成熟的脂肪细
胞后,用1 μmol·L-1 DEX培养96 h即可成功诱导成IR-3T3-L1-IR脂肪胰岛素抵抗细胞,且在36 h内稳定。
     

3T3-L1脂肪细胞中高糖诱导胰岛素抵抗的分子机制

观察 3T3-L1脂肪细胞长期暴露到高浓度葡萄糖对糖的转运活动和胰岛素信号蛋白的表达及磷酸化的影响。结果表明 ,在 3T3 -L1脂肪细胞中高浓度葡萄糖 (10 ,15和 2 5mmol·L-1)培养 2 4h ,以一种剂量依赖的方式诱导基础的和胰岛素刺激的糖转运活动的减少。高糖降低了细胞内胰岛素受体底物 1(IRS1)的蛋白表达和它的酪氨酸磷酸化 ,而胰岛素受体底物 2 (IRS2 )蛋白表达呈明显的上调 ;对p85和PKB量无影响。 3T3 -L1脂肪细胞长期暴露到高浓度葡萄糖可以抑制糖的转运活动 ,诱导胰岛素抵抗。其作用机制与影响胰岛素信号肽的表达和酪氨酸磷酸化有关。     

十子代平方水提物对3T3-L1脂肪细胞增殖及胰岛素抵抗影响的实验研究

目的研究十子代平方水提物(SZDT)对3T3-L1前细胞增殖和胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞模型葡萄糖消耗量的影响。方法以MTT法检测3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的增殖;高糖高胰岛素(25mmol/L葡萄糖、1×10~(-6)mol/L胰岛素)诱导建立IR脂肪细胞模型;不同浓度SZDT(50μg/ml,100μg/ml,200μg/ml)或对照药吡格列酮干预IR脂肪细胞模型24h后,葡萄糖氧化酶法检测培养上清中葡萄糖消耗量。结果与正常对照组比较,十子代平方水提物能明显抑制3T3-L1前细胞的增殖;另外,SZDT可显著提高对发生IR的脂肪细胞的葡萄糖摄取和利用率,使培养上清中葡萄糖消耗量增加。结论 SZDT能够显著抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的增殖,可通过提高IR脂肪细胞葡萄糖消耗量改善IR。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.