鞍钢4号高炉炉墙结厚原因及解决措施

鞍钢4号高炉停炉大修更换炉缸耐材后,高炉出现炉墙结厚现象。通过对炉墙结厚原因进行分析,采取了加强原料质量管理、降低冷却强度和调整装料制度等措施,炉墙结厚得到有效处理,高炉炉况恢复正常。     

武钢1号高炉炉墙结厚处理

对武钢1号高炉炉墙结厚的原因进行分析,发现冷却设备严重漏水、入炉原料质量差以及调剂措施不到位是导致高炉炉墙结厚的主要原因。采用发展边缘煤气流、提高炉温水平、降低炉渣碱度、控制冷却强度、改善入炉原料质量、加净焦和锰矿洗炉等综合措施消除结厚,取得了较好的效果。     

3号高炉(二代)炉墙结厚与操作炉型的管理

宝钢3号高炉(二代)炉体采用铜冷却壁,开炉两年后首次发生炉墙结厚,由于结厚处理时间长、炉况波动大,严重影响生产。分析认为,冷却壁镶砖的不均匀侵蚀是造成本次炉墙结厚处理困难的主要原因。对使用铜冷却壁的高炉在生产中如何控制操作炉型给出了建议。通过减少原料入炉粉末;稳定顺行,保持炉况稳定;防止边缘气流过重;提高软熔带位置;建立适宜的铜冷却壁冷却制度等可以防止炉墙结厚的发生。     

武钢铜冷却壁高炉炉墙结厚原因分析

对铜冷却壁在武钢大型高炉的应用情况进行了阐述。选取8号高炉为代表，对武钢铜冷却壁高炉炉墙结厚的过程进行跟踪分析，找出炉墙结厚的原因，并提出防止炉墙结厚、维护铜冷却壁高炉操作炉型的对策措施。边缘气流长期不足、操作制度未能适应入炉料结构变化、渣皮脱落后操作不合理是武钢铜冷却壁高炉炉墙结厚的主要原因。须通过十字测温和炉身热负荷管理办法，控制适宜的边缘气流，入炉料结构发生变化后要进行针对性调整，渣皮脱落后的煤气流控制要遵循疏通中心引导边缘的原则，才能从根源上消除铜冷却壁炉墙结厚现象，保持铜冷却壁高炉良好的操作炉型。     

武钢1号高炉炉墙结厚的处理

对武钢1号高炉炉墙结厚的处理过程进行了总结。认为原燃料质量下降、高炉处于护炉生产状态、铜冷却壁冷却强度较大、INBA设备故障导致高炉经常憋炉是导致1号高炉炉墙结厚的主要原因。采用热洗炉和强烈发展边沿气流等措施,分三个阶段对炉墙结厚进行处理,20天后炉况彻底恢复正常,主要技术经济指标明显改善,利用系数提升至2.485,燃料比降至491.6 kg/t。     

宝钢1号高炉炉墙结厚的处理

宝钢1号高炉（第3代）达产、达标、达效后由于多种原因导致炉墙结厚多次,并对高炉生产造成了较大负面影响,炉墙结厚后主要采取了发展边缘气流、热洗炉和调整冷却制度等措施。详细介绍了宝钢1号高炉（第3代）炉墙结厚的征兆、原因及处理方法。     

降料面法消除炉墙上部结厚

济钢第二炼铁厂1#高炉因操作过急、风口配置不合理、原燃料波动等原因，出现悬料、崩料、偏料以及冷却壁水温差变化等炉墙结厚征兆，影响了高炉的正常生产，各项技术经济指标恶化。利用高炉计划检修的机会，采用炉喉加喷水管控制顶温的降料面操作，使炉墙结厚物大部分脱落，达到了预期目的。     

用热流指数判断高炉炉墙结厚的探讨

通过对１＾＃高炉炉腹、炉腰部位结厚时，高炉４～６段冷却壁水温差及热流指数变化的调查，探讨了利用热流指数ＩＲ对高炉炉墙结厚初期作出判断及对结厚消除的判定。     

攀钢高炉中下部炉墙结厚的处理和预防

攀钢高炉近年来发生的炉墙结厚，除原燃料质量差、操作不当、设备故障或缺陷等原因之外，还有钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼特有的“钛结厚”。其结厚部位主要发生在炉体中下部的炉腹、炉缸部位。消除中下部炉墙结厚的方法主要是上部疏松、下部吹活，逐步加重。采取的积极的防稠、消稠措施，以防止中下部炉墙结厚，实现一代炉龄的长期稳产高产。     

宝钢3号高炉炉墙结厚的处理

简要分析了宝钢3号高炉炉墙结厚的原因,重点阐述了炉墙结厚的处理措施。2016年7月上旬3号高炉发生炉墙结厚,认为原燃料质量变差,入炉粉末增多,锌负荷异常上升是造成本次炉墙结厚的诱因;在原燃料质量发生波动时,布料制度和冷却制度调整不及时是造成本次炉墙结厚的主要原因。以确保高炉顺行为主方向,通过采取大幅退焦炭负荷、连续添加紧急空焦、提高燃料比与炉温、提高冷却水进水温度并降低水量、降低风口前理论燃烧温度等措施,成功处理了炉墙结厚。     

Laudatio: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Dres. h. c. Heinz H?fner

During the course of a year, there are many healthcare workers nationwide who sustain sharps injuries whilst carrying out their duties. Staff who work in the Accident and Emergency (A & E) units are no different from anyone else in this respect. The emotional cost of such an accident cannot be calculated, whereas the financial costs can. This article aims to show how the cost of an injury to a member of staff can be calculated, thus allowing a manager to assess the financial implications of sharps injuries to their department. In the absence of access to an Occupational Health (OH) department, most A & E units have to respond to sharps injuries to healthcare workers in the hospital. This task must be attended to by the medical staff as well as the nursing staff of the A & E unit. Within the following text the appropriate responses and methods to ensure uniformity of response are discussed. The tables and the calculation figures shown are taken directly from the information held in the St James's University Hospital Trust's OH department. All calculations are based on the middle band of the salary scale for each discipline. Accurate costings for each member of staff injured cannot be shown in this article, but the general principle is laid down and can be easily followed for any situation.     

1969 C.P.A. Institute.

Presents the program for the C.P.A. Institute entitled "The Role of Counseling Services on the Contemporary Campus." The Institute was held on June 2-3, 1969. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rats, Man . . .

Comments on the article by Richter entitled "Rats, Man, and the Welfare State" (see record 1960-02810-001). The commenter notes that in his article Richter did not indicate how hereditary and environmental factors were controlled. In comparing the hereditary survival characteristics of wild versus domesticated rats, it would be essential that the environmental influences on the survival characteristics of the wild rats should be ruled out. Another factor to be considered is that the wild state may offer a diet and other environmental influences, which in the life of a single individual would produce organic changes, accounting for some of the differences between wild and domestic rats. It would seem that the most effective way to determine the hereditary differences between wild and domestic rats would be to create a wild group, composed solely of the offspring of wild rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The blood-brain barrier. I. Histology. Physiology. Embryology. Transport

The concept of blood-brain barrier (bbb) arose in the beginning of the 20th century after report that the dyes injected intravenously did not appear in the brain. The idea and definition of bbb has been changed many times since then. We present current opinion concerning bbb, its histology, embryology, ultrastructure and function on the ground of a review of the recent literature.