颗粒增强汽车用铝基复合材料的搅拌摩擦焊接

对SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料进行搅拌摩擦焊接,研究了焊接转速和焊接速度对焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,焊接速度为200 mm/min时,焊接转速对SiCp/Al搅拌摩擦焊接接头抗拉强度影响不大。在焊接转速1000 rpm时,随着焊接速度的增加,SiCp/Al搅拌摩擦焊接接头热影响区最低硬度提高,抗拉强度逐渐增加。焊接速度大于300 mm/min时,SiCp/Al搅拌摩擦焊接接头抗拉强度相差不大。     

2198和C24S异种铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微组织和力学性能

对2198和C24S异种铝锂合金进行搅拌摩擦焊对接试验,分析接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:前进侧和返回侧热影响区的板条状组织均发生了粗化,前进侧热力影响区的晶粒被拉长,返回侧热力影响区的变形晶粒周围存在细小的再结晶晶粒,焊核区为细小的2198和C24S铝锂合金再结晶晶粒,且2198铝锂合金的再结晶晶粒更大。焊接速度在60~120 mm/min变化时,2198铝锂合金位于前进侧的接头抗拉强度更高;接头拉伸试样的断裂均发生在2198铝锂合金的热力影响区,最大抗拉强度为382 MPa,达到了2198铝锂合金母材抗拉强度的82.7%;接头的焊核区、热力影响区和热影响区均发生软化,焊核区中2198铝锂合金的硬度比C24S铝锂合金的更低。     

异种铝合金零倾角搅拌摩擦焊接头组织性能研究

采用零倾角搅拌摩擦焊工艺对6061T6和2024T4铝合金进行焊接,研究了不同焊接速度焊接接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明：零倾角搅拌摩擦焊接接头截面中部为焊核区,两侧为热机械影响区、热影响区和母材,焊核区可见明显的“S”线。接头的母材组织为长条状α铝晶粒,焊核区为细小的等轴晶,热机械影响区呈弯曲变形的晶粒,热影响区组织与母材组织类似。接头截面硬度分布呈“W”形,最低硬度位于热机械影响区和热影响区结合处。随着焊接速度的增大,焊核区硬度值呈增大趋势,同时接头软化区范围逐渐缩小。接头的抗拉强度随着焊接速度的增大呈先增后减的趋势,而伸长率却呈现逐渐降低的趋势。焊接速度为900 mm/min时的强度最高,为263.62 MPa,接头断口为典型的韧窝状断口。     

镁/铝层状复合板材搅拌摩擦焊焊接行为

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)方法对爆炸焊方法制备的镁/铝层状复合板进行焊接，对不同焊接速度条件下焊接接头的微观组织、物相以及力学性能进行分析。结果表明：镁/铝层状复合板的搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头界面连接效果良好，热机械影响区和热影响区界线不明显，搅拌区内镁、铝交替分布呈条带状，在搅拌区、热机械影响区和热影响区形成了Al₃Mg₂和Mg₁₇Al₁₂金属间化合物，焊接缺陷主要为界面处金属没有及时填充形成的隧道孔洞；焊接接头横截面硬度呈“W”形分布，搅拌区的硬度从铝侧→界面→镁侧逐渐降低；FSW焊接接头的抗拉强度最大可达94.5 MPa，伸长率为6.7%，断裂机理为金属间化合物的脆性断裂和金属基体镁/铝的韧性断裂。     

C18000铜合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织与性能

对3.5 mm厚的C18000铜合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊焊接试验. 在焊接速度120 mm/min,转速1 200 r/min工艺下获得无缺陷焊接接头. 在金相显微镜下对接头的宏观形貌、微观组织进行观察,用扫描电镜和透射电镜对母材和搅拌区组织进行观察分析. 结果表明,接头区大致分为母材区、热影响区、热力影响区和搅拌区,搅拌区晶粒细小均匀,热力影响区晶粒沿边界切线方向被拉长;搅拌区Cr₃Si相部分溶解,搅拌区组织中的Cr单质相和Ni₂Si相溶解导致接头硬度和抗拉强度下降. 搅拌区平均硬度为151.4 HV;接头抗拉强度为497 MPa,达到母材的72%;接头电导率下降为35%IACS.     

水下搅拌摩擦焊接铝合金组织与性能研究

采用水下搅拌摩擦焊接(SFSW)技术对2024-T4铝合金板材进行连接,研究了焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:SFSW可以显著细化晶粒,焊核区的平均晶粒尺寸达到700nm,但焊核区的析出相明显粗化。焊接接头的抗拉强度为母材抗拉强度的86.9%,焊核区和热机械影响区交界处成为接头的薄弱区。沉淀强化对接头性能起到主要作用,细晶强化作用较弱。     

6013—T4铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊热输入对焊缝成形及组织性能的影响

针对2 mm厚6013—T4铝合金薄板进行了搅拌摩擦焊接工艺试验,用搅拌头旋转速度和焊接速度的比值ω/v表征搅拌摩擦焊的热输入,试验研究了焊接热输入对接头的焊缝成形和力学性能的影响,并分析了接头的显微组织.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接头的综合性能较好,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到母材的83.3%和75.8%;在不同的搅拌头旋转速度下,随着焊接热输入的增加,接头的屈服强度和抗拉强度降低;ω/v在3 r/mm左右,焊缝成形美观,飞边毛刺少.母材为板条状组织;热影响区晶粒与母材相似,但稍微有粗化;热力影响区的晶粒极不均匀,既有等轴晶,也有拉长的带状组织;焊核区为细小的等轴晶组织.     

AZ31B镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

对挤压态变形镁合金AZ31B进行搅拌摩擦焊连接。实验结果表明，可获得优质的焊接接头，接头抗拉强度可达母材的92．4％，但适当的工艺参数选择范围较窄。对焊缝的端面微观组织特征分析发现：焊核与母材组织差异极大．焊核区形成细小、均匀的再结晶组织，热力影响区呈层状分布且较宽，热影响区晶粒存在不明显的部分再结晶长大。前进侧热力影响区氧化物、杂质富集层的存在和应力集中是造成接头力学性能下降的主要原因。     

焊接参数对5A06铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊工艺对10 mm厚的5A06铝合金板进行焊接,研究了搅拌头转速(150～400 r/min)、焊接速度(50～200 mm/min)对接头显微组织、拉伸性能和硬度的影响。结果表明:在试验参数范围内焊接均可获得无宏观缺陷且成形良好的搅拌摩擦焊接头;接头焊核区晶粒细小、组织均匀,热机影响区晶粒相比焊核区的粗大,当搅拌头转速为400 r/min、焊接速度为50 mm/min时,接头焊核区和热机影响区的组织明显粗大;当焊接热输入特征值,即焊接速度与搅拌头转速的比值在0.3～0.5 mm/r时,焊接接头的拉伸性能与母材相当,其抗拉强度最高可达381 MPa,断后伸长率可达25.4%;接头焊核区硬度最高,热影响区硬度最低,当搅拌头转速为250 r/min、焊接速度为100 mm/min时,焊核区硬度较高。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的断裂部位特征

对5 mm厚的2219高强铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊单道对接焊,通过拉伸试验观察断口处的显微组织,研究了焊接接头的断裂部位特征.结果表明,接头的断裂部位在焊核与母材的边界或热力影响区.当焊接热输入量合适时,沿焊缝热力影响区断裂的试样在焊缝横截面上的形貌为V型和45°的剪切断裂,其接头的抗拉强度和伸长率较高.焊接热输入量过大时,沿焊缝厚度方向的"抽吸-挤压"作用减弱,在焊缝的紊流区形成孔洞缺陷,在焊核与母材的交界处形成弱连接,导致焊接接头沿焊核边界断裂,在焊缝横截面上的形貌呈阶梯型和S型,其接头的抗拉强度和伸长率较低.     

Multi-objective optimization of friction stir welding parameters using desirability approach to join Al/SiCp metal matrix composites

Silicon carbide particulate (SiC_p) reinforced cast aluminium (Al) based metal matrix composites (MMCs) have gained wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring high specific strength, high temperature capability and good wear resistance. Friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters play major role in deciding the performance of welded joints. The ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and weld nugget hardness of friction stir butt welded joints of cast Al/SiC_p MMCs (AA6061 with 20% (volume fraction) of SiC_p) were investigated. The relationships between the FSW process parameters (rotational speed, welding speed and axial force) and the responses (ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and weld nugget hardness) were established. The optimal welding parameters to maximize the mechanical properties were identified by using desirability approach. From this investigation, it is found that the joints fabricated with the tool rotational speed of 1370 r/min, welding speed of 88.9 mm/min, and axial force of 9.6 kN yield the maximum ultimate tensile strength, notch tensile strength and hardness of 265 MPa, 201 MPa and HV114, respectively.     

ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头性能

研究了采用不同焊接参数时ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头的金相组织、硬度分布及力学性能。结果表明，ZL114A铸铝的搅拌摩擦焊焊接性良好。焊核区的微观组织是无方向性的、细小的等轴晶粒。细化的硅粒子均匀布满整个焊核区。与粗大的树枝状母材相比，焊核晶粒细小、均匀而致密，没有观察到气孔等缺陷。焊缝区硬度分布较母材稳定，变化范围小。随着焊速增加，硅粒子所占体积比逐渐下降。热一机械影响区晶粒被拉长。接头的力学性能与焊接参数的匹配有关系。采用高焊速及转速与焊速比在3左右，获得的接头抗拉强度可达到母材的91％。焊后经T6热处理，可与同炉热处理母材等强。     

Microstructure and Properties of TIG/FSW Welded Joints of a New Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy

A new Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy with low Sc content was welded by tungsten inert gas (TIG) and friction stir welding (FSW) techniques. The microstructure and properties of those two welded joints were investigated by property tests and microstructural observations. The results show that the new Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy has desirable welding property. The ultimate tensile strength and welding coefficient of the TIG joint reach 405 MPa and 76.7%, respectively, and in FSW joint those property values reach 490 MPa and 92.6%, respectively. The studied base metal has a deformed fibrous subgrains structure, many nano-scaled Al₃(Sc,Zr) particles, and very fine aging precipitates. In the TIG joint, the fusion zone consists of coarsened dendritic grains and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) has fibrous micro-scaled subgrains. The FSW welded joint is characterized by a weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and HAZ. Due to plastic deformation around the rotating pin and anti-recrystallized effectiveness of Al₃(Sc,Zr) particles, the weld nugget zone has a very fine subgrain structure. The TMAZ experiences some dissolution of aging precipitates. Coarsening of aging precipitates was observed in the HAZ. The better mechanical properties of the FSW joint are derived from a fine subgrain structure and homogeneous chemical compositions.     

Tungsten Inert Gas and Friction Stir Welding Characteristics of 4-mm-Thick 2219-T87 Plates at Room Temperature and −196 °C

2219-T87 aluminum alloy is widely used for fabricating liquid rocket propellant storage tank, due to its admirable cryogenic property. Welding is the dominant joining method in the manufacturing process of aerospace components. In this study, the tungsten inert gas welding and friction stir welding (FSW) characteristics of 4-mm-thick 2219-T87 alloy plate at room temperature (25 °C) and deep cryogenic temperature (?196 °C) were investigated by property measurements and microscopy methods. The studied 2219 base alloy exhibits a low strength plane anisotropy and excellent room temperature and cryogenic mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength values of TIG and FSW welding joints can reach 265 and 353 MPa at room temperature, and 342 and 438 MPa at ?196 °C, respectively. The base metal consists of elongated deformed grains and many nano-scaled θ (Al₂Cu) aging precipitates. Fusion zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the TIG joint are characterized by coarsening dendritic grains and equiaxed recrystallized grains, respectively. The FSW-welded joint consists of the weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and HAZ. In the weld nugget zone, a micro-scaled sub-grain structure is the main microstructure characteristic. The TMAZ and HAZ are both characterized by coarsened aging precipitates and elongated deformed grains. The excellent FSW welding properties are attributed to the preservation of the working structures and homogenous chemical compositions.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

超声对不同铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

利用自行研制的超声搅拌摩擦焊机分别对2219,7A52,LF21铝合金进行了常规搅拌摩擦焊和超声搅拌摩擦焊两种不同焊接的试验,并对常规搅拌摩擦焊与超声搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的微观组织、拉伸断口形貌进行了对比分析.结果表明,超声搅拌摩擦焊与常规搅拌摩擦焊相比热影响区几乎消失;超声搅拌摩擦焊焊缝焊核区组织比常规搅拌摩擦焊焊核区组织晶粒更加细小;断口扫描电镜图显示母材断口韧窝具有非等轴状待征,韧窝边上撕裂棱明显表明为韧性断裂;超声搅拌摩擦焊断口韧窝撕裂棱不明显;超声搅拌摩擦焊比常规搅拌摩擦焊的平均抗拉强度有所提高,但断后伸长率有所降低.     

铝合金LD10的搅拌摩擦焊组织及性能分析

搅拌摩擦焊是 2 0世纪 90年代发展起来的新型固态塑性连接方法 ,在航空航天结构中铝合金件的焊接方面有很好的应用前景。文中试验研究了航空航天结构件常用的LD10铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊技术。通过工艺试验 ,对其塑性连接时的焊缝成形、焊缝组织形态及接头的力学性能进行了分析。研究结果表明 ,用搅拌摩擦焊方法焊接板厚6mm的LD10铝合金 ,当规范参数合适时 ,可获得外观成形美观、内部无缺陷、几乎无变形的平板对接接头。从显微组织角度 ,焊接接头可分为五个区域 ,即焊核、热力影响区、热影响区、轴肩变形区和探针挤压区 ,各区域的组织有明显的特征。接头的力学性能试验表明 ,接头的抗拉强度可达母材的 87% ,高于熔焊接头的强度 ,断裂位置大多位于热影响区     

Influence of Processing Parameters on Induced Energy, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of FSW Butt Joint of 7475 AA

Friction stir welding (FSW), a promising solid state joining process invented at TWI in 1991, was used to join 9?mm thick 7475 aluminum alloy which is considered essentially unweldable by fusion processes. In the present work, the process parameters such as tool rotational speed were varied from 300 to 1000?rpm for a travel speed of 50?mm/min and the influence of process parameters in terms of energy input on microstructure, hardness, tensile strength, and the corrosion property of 7475 aluminum joints was evaluated and analyzed. The maximum tensile strength of FSW joints was obtained at rotational speed of 400?rpm and traverse speed of 50?mm/min (59.2?kJ) which attributed maximum stirred zone area and maximum hardness. The maximum corrosion resistance properties of weld in 3.5% NaCl solution, however, were obtained at rotational speed of 1000?rpm and traverse speed of 50?mm/min. Furthermore, for a given weld, stirred zone showed improved corrosion properties than TMAZ.     

焊接速度对6005A-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响

文中研究了转速和热输入特征值WP一定两种条件下焊接速度对6005A-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响. 结果表明,转速一定时,接头抗拉强度随焊接速度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;热输入特征值WP一定时,随着焊接速度的增加,接头的抗拉强度持续减小;接头呈现出三种断裂方式,分别为发生于热影响区的Ⅰ型断裂、发生于焊核区的Ⅱ型断裂和发生于热力影响区的Ⅲ型断裂;Ⅰ型断裂和Ⅱ型断裂为韧性断裂;Ⅲ型断裂为包含韧性断裂和脆性断裂的混合型断裂;接头拉伸断裂位置并非总出现在硬度最低处;焊接速度小于1 000 mm/min时,WP ≤ 1有利于提高接头力学性能,而焊接速度大于1 000 mm/min时,WP > 1更有利于提高接头力学性能.     

2A12铝合金FSW板材时效成形性研究

为评价2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊构件时效成形工艺,设计了以时间参数为变量的焊后时效成形工艺模拟试验,进行了FSW(FSW-搅拌摩擦焊)焊件蠕变时效力学性能及成形性研究。结果表明,在搅拌头转速750 r/min、焊速60 mm/s的焊接工艺参数下,当时效成形时间为8 h时,FSW焊接件抗拉强度达到354.1 MPa,为母材强度的79.2%,其断裂位置基本位于热影响区前进侧。在该工艺下最佳回弹时间为8 h,此时回弹率为33.49%。硬度最低点在热影响区,该区域内硬度随时效时间的增加呈递减趋势。