导热聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的制备及不同成核剂对其结晶性能的影响

为提高聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的导热系数,在PBT基体中添加导热填料氮化铝(AlN)、氮化硼(BN)制备复合导热PBT材料。导热填料的加入使树脂的物理机械性能下降,采用差示量热、X射线衍射等方法研究了不同成核剂对导热PBT结晶性能的影响。结果表明:成核剂的加入改善了导热PBT的结晶性能,同时恢复了其物理机械性能。其中氧化镁起到了明显的成核作用,提高了导热PBT的结晶度、结晶峰峰值温度和熔融焓。     

聚酰胺-胺树状分子基三元杂化材料的制备与性能研究

利用半代数聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)和有机硅烷的酰胺化反应合成端基为三甲氧基硅的树状分子前驱体(PAMAM-OS),加入链状高分子聚己内酯(PCL),通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了二者不同质量比的PAMAM-SiOx-PCL三元杂化材料。红外光谱(FT-IR)表明杂化材料体系中PCL有机高分子与PAMAM-SiOx组分间具有较强的氢键键合作用;X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明前驱体经水解缩合形成的网络结构使杂化材料中PCL链的结晶能力下降;热失重(TGA)分析结果表明杂化体系中PCL的热分解起始温度变化不大而结束温度升高。     

杂化材料中有机小分子形态对阻尼性能影响

通过动态力学热分析仪(DMA)和差示扫描热分析仪(DSC)研究了由氯化聚乙烯(CPE)与2,2-甲撑双-(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)(EBP)和(2-羟基-3-环己基-5甲基)-苯环(ZKF)组成的杂化材料的阻尼性能.对于CPE/EBP杂化材料的DMA分析表明,除了含质量分数为5%的EBP外,CPE/EBP杂化材料呈现了两个明显损耗峰,在CPE基体的玻璃化温度以上出现了一个新的损耗峰.这表明在CPE/EBP杂化材料中,CPE富集相与EBP富集相是共同存在的.然而,CPE/ZKF杂化材料只有一个损耗峰,而且峰的高度随着ZKF含量的增加而明显增加.DSC研究表明,CPE/ZKF杂化材料中的ZKF以无定形态存在.研究结果说明小分子EBP和ZKF在基体材料中的存在形态对构成的杂化材料的阻尼性能产生很大的影响.     

笼形氯化氨丙基聚倍半硅氧烷/聚乳酸杂化材料的冷结晶及熔融行为

采用溶液共混法制备了不同质量分数的笼形氯化氨丙基聚倍半硅氧烷/聚乳酸(OCAPS/PLLA)杂化材料。扫描电镜和能量色散X射线分析仪研究表明,OCAPS在PLLA基体中具有良好的相容性和分散性。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对该体系的冷结晶及熔融行为进行了研究。结果表明,OCAPS不会改变PLLA基体结晶的α晶型,但具有异相成核作用,降低了PLLA基体的冷结晶温度;随着升温速率的降低,由于晶粒熔融重结晶导致PLLA基体熔融单峰分裂成为双峰,并且OCAPS促进了PLLA的熔融重结晶过程,使晶粒结构更加完善。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/锡氟磷酸盐玻璃复合材料原位成纤对聚丙烯的增强效果

采用低玻璃化转变温度的锡氟磷酸盐玻璃(Pglass)改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),制备低黏度高模量的PET基复合材料(PET/Pglass);以PET/Pglass或PET为成纤相,聚丙烯为基体,利用实验室自主设计的多级拉伸挤出装置,制得原位成纤增强聚丙烯复合材料,并研究成纤相形态及其对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,与PET相比,PET/Pglass在多级拉伸挤出过程中原位成纤更容易,纤维长径比更大,分散更均匀,从而进一步提高聚丙烯的拉伸强度和模量,而且能保持聚丙烯较高的断裂伸长率,表明具有低黏高模的PET/Pglass对聚丙烯的原位成纤增强效果更显著。     

功能化石墨烯/埃洛石纳米管对聚丙烯的协同强韧化改性研究

以功能化氧化石墨烯(GO)-埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)杂化材料(GO@HNTs)为纳米填料,以聚丙烯(PP)为基体,通过熔融共混法制备了不同GO@HNTs 含量的GO@HNTs/PP纳米复合材材料,并对所得杂化填料和PP纳米复合材料的结构与性能进行系统研究。研究结果表明,功能化GO与HNTs之间存在化学相互作用,二者之间形成的“屏障效应”抑制了彼此在PP基体中的团聚。仅添加0.5%GO@HNTs杂化纳米填料后,PP复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别较纯PP提高了17.5%和80.4%,与单独添加相同含量的GO或HNTs所得复合材料的力学性能相比,GO@HNTs杂化纳米填料对PP基体具有明显的协同增强增韧改性作用。与纯PP相比,GO@HNTs/PP试样表现出更高的储能模量、损耗模量和玻璃化转变峰值。由于GO@HNTs的“异相成核效应”和“物理热阻效应”,有效提高了PP纳米复合材料的结晶温度、熔融温度、结晶度和耐热分解温度。     

PC/PBT共混物的结晶行为研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究PC/PBT共混物结晶行为及酯交换反应对共混物结晶行为的影响.结果表明,在实验范围内,PC的引入对PBT的结晶起到促进作用,提高其结晶速率,缩短了结晶时间,但对PBT的成核机理和晶体生长方式没有发生很大的改变.共混时间延长,共混物中PBT的结晶能力增强,结晶度增大.     

功能化石墨烯-碳纳米管协同强韧化HDPE纳米复合材料的制备和性能

使用L-天门冬氨酸连接氧化石墨烯和酸化多壁碳纳米管(WMCNT-COOH)合成杂化材料LGC,然后用纳米填料LGC填充马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-MAH),用熔融共混法制备了LGC/HDPE-g-MAH纳米复合材料。对LGC杂化填料和LGC/HDPE-g-MAH纳米复合材料进行了红外分析(FTIR)、拉曼光谱分析(Raman)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)、示差扫描量热仪分析(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)、动态热机械分析(DMA)和力学性能测试,研究了LGC含量对LGC/HDPE-g-MAH纳米复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:L-天门冬氨连接了GO和WMCNT-COOH,三者通过酰胺键连接在一起形成LGC杂化材料。LGC杂化材料内部官能团(氨基或羧基等)与聚合物基体中的羧基发生相互作用,改善了基体与填料之间的界面。根据DMA分析,损耗因子的变化证实了LGC与基体分子链之间强烈的相互作用。热学分析结果表明:纳米复合材料的结晶温度、熔融温度和热稳定性能都提高了。力学分析表明:随着LGC含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度呈现出先增大后降低的趋势;当LGC含量为0.5%和0.75%(质量分数)时,复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度分别比HDPE-g-MAH提高了95.9%和62.4%。     

基体温度对中频脉冲非平衡磁控溅射技术沉积类金刚石薄膜结构与性能的影响

利用中频脉冲非平衡磁控溅射技术在不同的基体温度下制备了类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,采用Raman光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、纳米压痕测试仪、椭偏仪对所制备DLC薄膜的微观结构、机械性能、光学性能进行了分析。Raman光谱和XPS结果表明,当基体温度由50℃增加到100℃时,DLC薄膜中的sp3杂化键的含量随基体温度的升高而增加,当基体温度超过100℃时,DLC薄膜中的sp3杂化键的含量随基体温度的升高而减少。纳米压痕测试表明,DLC薄膜的纳米硬度随基体温度的增加先增加而后减小,基体温度为100℃时制备的薄膜的纳米硬度最大。椭偏仪测试表明,类金刚石薄膜的折射率同样随基体温度的增加先增加而后减小,基体温度为100℃时制备的薄膜的折射率最大。以上结果说明基体温度对DLC薄膜中的sp3杂化键的含量有很大的影响,DLC薄膜的纳米硬度、折射率随薄膜中的sp3杂化键的含量的变化而变化。     

碳纳米材料的界面性能对环氧树脂复合材料固化行为的影响探究

采用原位聚合的方法制备碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料,透射电镜表征了该杂化材料的三维结构。通过碳纳米材料在乙醇溶液中的分散性实验,研究碳纳米材料与有机溶剂之间的界面性能。接着,按照0.3%(质量分数)的比例将碳纳米管、石墨烯以及碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料分别分散在环氧树脂中,通过DSC测试,分析杂化材料对环氧树脂固化行为的影响。结果表明:碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料在乙醇溶液中分散最稳定,同时杂化材料这种良好的分散性使其与树脂基体结合更为紧密,在树脂的固化过程中起到较好的促进作用。     

Microstructure and optical properties of plasmapolymer thin films with embedded silver nanoparticles

Plasmapolymer thin films with embedded silver nanoparticles were deposited by simultaneous plasma polymerization and metal evaporation. The particle size and shape were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analysed by optical image processing. The optical properties in the UV/ VIS/NIR spectral region were determined by the plasma resonance absorption of the silver particles. Transmittance spectra were calculated with the Bergman effective medium theory and compared with experimental spectra.     

Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of Ba-modified lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate ceramics

(Pb_0.97−xLa_0.02Ba_x)(Zr_0.75Sn_0.12Ti_0.13)O₃ ceramics in the composition range 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.16 were prepared by conventional solid state reaction process. On increasing Ba content from 0.1 to 0.16 mol, the specimens underwent phase transition from the first order to the second order and the Curie temperature decreased from 85 to 35 °C. With x = 0.16, the specimen showed good pyroelectric properties for practical applications. When a 500 V/mm dc bias field was applied, the specimen showed the maximum pyroelectric coefficient of 5800 μC/m² K and figure of merit of 58 × 10⁻⁵ Pa^−0.5 at Curie temperature.     

Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material: Strength,toughness, durability,and hygrothermal performance

A complex analysis of engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material in the blended Portland-cement based binder in an amount of up to 60% by mass is presented. The studied parameters include basic physical characteristics, mechanical and fracture–mechanics properties, durability characteristics, and hygric and thermal properties. Experimental results show that 20% zeolite content in the blended binder is the most suitable option. For this cement replacement level the compressive strength, bending strength, effective fracture toughness, effective toughness, and specific fracture energy are only slightly worse than for the reference Portland-cement concrete. The frost resistance, de-icing salt resistance, and chemical resistance to MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, Na₂SO₄, and HCl are improved. The hygrothermal performance of hardened mixes containing 20% natural zeolite, as assessed using the measured values of water absorption coefficient, water vapor diffusion coefficient, water vapor sorption isotherms, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity, is satisfactory.     

Facile preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with pristine layered double hydroxides

In this paper, nano-sized Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was synthesized by a fast nucleation and slow aging method. The structures of LDH were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites with different LDH loadings were prepared by water solution casting method. TEM observations show that the LDH nanoplatelets are uniformly dispersed in the PVA matrix. Tensile tests indicate that the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of PVA are improved by about 15% and 54%, respectively, when incorporating with 2 wt% LDH. The improvement of mechanical properties of PVA can be attributed to fine dispersion of LDH, good compatibility and strong interaction between PVA and LDH. In addition, the presence of LDH decreases the decomposition rates at the second stage and improves the amount of residues of PVA. Meanwhile, the transparency of the nanocomposite films is maintained compared with neat PVA.     

Properties of high performance concrete containing fine-ground ceramics as supplementary cementitious material

This paper presents experimental work regarding the basic physical characteristics, mechanical and fracture-mechanics properties, durability characteristics, hydric and thermal properties of high performance concrete (HPC) with up to 60% of Portland cement replaced by fine-ground ceramics. Experimental results show that the amount of the ceramics in the mix is limited mainly by the resistance against de-icing salts which is found satisfactory only up to the cement replacement level of 10%. The mechanical and water transport properties are not significantly impaired by ceramic additions of up to 20%, whereas the effective fracture toughness, specific fracture energy, and chemical resistance (to MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, Na₂SO₄, HCl) are effectively maintained up to 40%. The frost resistance, water vapor transport and storage parameters and thermal properties are not significantly impaired even up to a 60% replacement level.     

Mechanochemical synthesis,structural, magnetic,optical and electrooptical properties of CuFeS2 nanoparticles

The rapid mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline CuFeS₂ particles prepared by high-energy milling for 60?min in a planetary mill from copper, iron and sulphur elements is reported. The CuFeS₂ nanoparticles crystallize in tetragonal structure with mean crystallite size of about 38?±?1?nm determined by XRD analysis. HRTEM study also revealed the presence of nanocrystals with the size of 5–30?nm with the tendency to form agglomerates. The Raman spectrum confirms the chalcopyrite structure. Low temperature magnetic data for CuFeS₂ support the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic spin structure. Moreover, the hysteresis loops taken at temperatures from 5?K to 300?K revealed a presence of very small amount of ferromagnetic phase, which seems to be associated with the non-consumed elemental Fe in as-prepared nanoparticles. The optical band gap of CuFeS₂ nanoparticles has been detected to be 1.05?eV, larger than band gap of the bulk material. The wider gap possibly resulted from the nano-size effect. Photoresponses of CuFeS₂ nanoparticles were confirmed by I-V measurements under dark and light illumination. It was demonstrated that mechanochemical synthesis can be successfully employed in the one step preparation of nanocrystalline CuFeS₂ with good structural, magnetic, optical and electrooptical properties.     

基于第一性原理研究Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构和性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,系统研究了Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构、磁性、弹性性能和电子性质.计算结果表明:立方相的基态结构是铁磁态的Hg2CuTi结构.立方到四方的相变几乎是体积不变的,这是形状记忆合金的特性.奥氏体和马氏体的磁矩分别是4.48和4.56μB/f.u..另外,预测了Fe2CuGa的弹性系数.Fe2CuGa的立方结构在力学上是不稳定的而四方结构是稳定的.根据体模量和剪切模量的比值,发现Fe2CuGa在本质上是可延展的.利用态密度的方法解释了Fe2CuGa马氏体相变的来源.     

Preparation and characterization of organic pigments and their fluorescence properties depending on bulk structure

Fluorescent pigments, based on the optical or electrooptical properties of dyes, are the main component in fluorescent coatings and inks. In this study, three kinds of dyes (Rhodamine B, Light Green SF Yellowish, Coumarin) with four different ratios (2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%) were employed as luminophor, and the melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin was used as curing resin to prepare fluorescent pigments in different color. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry were carried out to analyze the structure of the fluorescent pigments. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution were used to present the morphology of fluorescent pigments. UV–vis and fluorescence spectrum were used to demonstrate the optical properties. It can be concluded that, coumarin pigments possessed consecutive structure in MF resin while rhodamine B might be the best for the preparation of printing inks among the three kinds of dyes from the view of particle size. The TG results presented that all the pigments showed good thermal stability, which might possess potential application in high speed printing industry.     

X-cor夹层结构的力学性能试验研究

X-cor夹层结构比强度高,比刚度大,有望取代传统蜂窝夹层结构作为航空航天器的主承力结构材料。采用真空固化成型工艺,通过改变Z-pin的植入参数制备了X-cor夹层结构,研究了Z-pin植入角度、植入间距和直径对其平压、剪切和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,Z-pin的植入参数对X-cor夹层结构的力学性能影响显著。随Z-pin植入角度的增加X-cor夹层结构的平压性能降低,剪切性能增强,拉伸模量减小,拉伸强度先增加后减小。随Z-pin植入间距和直径增加,X-cor夹层结构力学性能均增加。与泡沫夹层结构相比,X-cor夹层结构压缩、剪切和拉伸模量的测试值分别提高了1.26～5.15倍、2.50～13.56倍和1.90～2.71倍,压缩、剪切和拉伸测试值分别提高了1.63～9.20倍、1.28～2.03倍和1.01～2.30倍。