聚丙烯/三元乙丙胶/凹凸棒土三元复合体系的力学性能与亚微相态

通过两步法共混工艺制备了含核-壳结构特征相包容粒子的聚丙烯／三元乙丙胶／凹凸棒土三元复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能和亚微现相态结构,并对核-壳结构特征相包容粒子对PP的增韧机理进行了初步探讨．结果表明,AT在EPDM中疏松堆砌,形成以AT堆砌体为核、EPDM为壳的分散岛相。核-壳结构特征相包容粒子对基体具有良好的增韧和增强效果的平衡,对于m(PP)／m(EPDM)／m(AT)=100／20／5的体系,其缺口冲击强度较纯PP提高约5倍,而屈服强度和扬氏模量分别较m(PP)／m(EPDM)=100／20体系提高25％和110％。     

纳米AT/NBR复合材料的制备与研究

纳米凹凸棒土(AT)是一种天然纳米填料,对其性质和改性方法的研究直接关系到它的应用性能和工业前景。采用熔融共混法制备了纳米凹凸棒土/丁腈橡胶(AT/NBR)复合材料,并进行了力学性能测试。具体考察了增塑剂、硅烷偶联剂、不同凹凸棒土填充量、改性方法等对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,经Si-69改性的AT可以显著提高NBR的力学性能。     

聚氨酯(PU)/凹凸棒土(AT)原位复合材料制备及表征

凹凸棒土(AT)经过提纯,采用原位聚合方法制备聚氨酯(PU)/凹凸棒土(AT)复合材料.通过SEM、FT-IR、DMA等测试方法对PU/AT复合材料的结构进行了表征.结果表明:复合材料的热稳定性和玻璃化温度较PU都有明显提高,拉伸强度也有较大提高.并分析了AT对复合材料结构的影响和作用机理.     

聚丙烯/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能

采用超声波分散方法将凹凸棒土(简称凹土AT)在水中进行分散,然后用硅烷偶联剂KH570对凹凸棒土纳米棒晶进行表面处理,采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对表面结构进行了表征.将经上述表面处理的凹凸棒土与PP复合制备纳米复合材料,研究了纳米复合材料的结晶行为与力学性能.     

原位聚合法制备纳米凹凸棒土/聚乳酸复合材料

将凹凸棒土（AT）进行提纯和有机改性后, 采用原位聚合法制备了OAT质量分数为1%、 3%、 5%的纳米凹凸棒土/聚乳酸复合材料（OAT/PLA-x）。采用红外、 扫描电镜、 X射线衍射等对复合材料进行了表征, SEM结果表明, 凹凸棒土粒子在复合材料中实现了均匀稳定分散。复合材料的力学性能和综合热性能测试表明: OAT/PLA-3复合材料的拉伸强度、 弹性模量分别比纯PLA增加98.6%和130.0%; 复合材料的热稳定性明显提高。同时, 复合材料的溶液降解速率也明显加快。      

AT/APP/ASO阻燃剂在EPDM/PP弹性体中的应用研究

采用动态硫化工艺,制备三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/聚丙烯(PP)热塑性弹性体,研究凹凸棒土(AT)、聚磷酸铵(APP)、氨基硅油(ASO)对弹性体力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。研究表明:添加5份AT的EPDM/PP弹性体力学性能最佳,AT的加入可提高EPDM/PP弹性体的阻燃性能;随着APP的用量增加,EPDM/PP弹性体的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和最大伸长率均下降,氧指数增大;随着ASO的用量增加,EPDM/PP弹性体的拉伸强度、撕裂强度下降,最大伸长率先上升后下降,氧指数增大。     

有机蒙脱土与白炭黑复合填充三元乙丙橡胶性能研究

采用溶液插层法分别制备了含乙烯基的有机蒙脱土(VMMT)和不含乙烯基的有机蒙脱土(OMMT),并通过与三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)机械共混方法制备了VMMT/EPDM、OMMT/EPDM两种纳米复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能进行了研究。实验发现:当添加相同份数有机蒙脱土时,VMMT/EPDM复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能优于OMMT/EPDM复合材料;当有机蒙脱土添加量为5份时,OMMT/EPDM的拉伸强度提高了60%、100%伸长模量提高了68%,N2透气率降低了29%;当有机蒙脱土添加量为7份时,VMMT/EPDM的拉伸强度提高了99%、100%伸长模量提高了157%、N2透气率降低了52%。结果表明:通过含乙烯基官能团的有机插层剂改性后,有机蒙脱土/EPDM纳米复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能显著提高。     

PP/无卤阻燃剂/AT复合材料的制备及性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体树脂,聚磷酸铵(APP)和三聚氰胺(MA)为无卤阻燃剂,无机矿物质凹凸棒土(AT)为协同阻燃剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备了PP/无卤阻燃剂/AT复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的微观形貌进行了研究;通过极限氧指数(LOI)和热重分析(TG)研究了材料的阻燃性和热稳定性;通过对复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度以及断裂伸长率等的测试,研究了材料的力学性能。结果表明,无卤阻燃剂APP、MA和AT可在PP体系中均匀分散;阻燃剂的加入使得复合材料的力学性能降低,但AT的加入对又可显著提升其力学性能;阻燃剂与AT的协同作用可使复合材料的热稳定能和阻燃性能明显改善,材料的极限氧指数可达到27.3,提高了约40%。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖/凹凸棒土复合膜的制备与表征

采用天然纳米粘土——凹凸棒土(AT)对魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)进行共混改性,并通过流延成膜的方法制备了KGM/AT纳米复合材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的结构和形貌进行表征;利用热重分析(TG)、力学性能测试、溶胀性测试分别研究了复合材料的热稳定性、机械性能以及耐水性能。结果表明,AT与KGM之间可以通过氢键产生较强的相互作用,AT在一定程度上可以促进KGM结晶,适量的AT在KGM基体中可以均匀分散,而过量的AT则易发生团聚,在基体中无规分布。复合材料的起始分解温度和最快分解温度明显提高,材料的热稳定性增强。此外,随着AT的加入,复合材料的力学性能和耐水性能也得到了一定程度的改善。     

有机改性凹凸棒土/聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用插层复合法制备有机改性凹凸棒土/聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料。用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)测试技术对凹凸棒土的有机改性进行表征。研究了纳米复合材料的力学性能、耐热性能及纳米填料在复合材料中的分散形态。结果表明,当改性凹凸棒土质量分数达到2%时,复合材料的拉伸强度为55.91MPa,扯断伸长率为559.45%,300%定伸应力为31.69 MPa,硬度几乎保持不变,综合力学性能达到最佳,同时其热稳定性也有所提高;改性凹凸棒土的加入量低于2%时,在聚氨酯基体中分散较为均匀,随着含量的增加出现团聚现象。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.