氧化石墨烯纳米带与氧化石墨烯增强热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备及性能

利用纵向裂解多壁碳纳米管制备了氧化石墨烯纳米带,并采用溶液成型的方法制得氧化石墨烯纳米带-氧化石墨烯(GONRs-GO)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜。场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析结果显示,GONRs与GO间相互剥离并均匀地分散在TPU基体中;氧气透过率(OTR)和力学性能测试表明,GONRs和GO具有协同增强TPU复合材料薄膜的阻隔和力学性能的作用。当GONRs和GO在TPU中添加量均为1.5%(质量分数)时,GONRs-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的阻隔和力学性能达到最佳。相比于纯TPU薄膜,该GONRs-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的OTR降低了83.94%,拉伸断裂强度、屈服强度、扯断伸长率则分别提高了59.28%,59.54%和15.0%。     

氧化石墨烯纳米带/TPU复合材料薄膜制备及性能表征

采用氧化法将碳纳米管纵向切割成氧化石墨烯纳米带,利用溶液成形在涂膜机上制备氧化石墨烯纳米带/TPU复合材料薄膜。FT-IR、拉曼光谱、XRD、FE-SEM、TEM等测试表明,碳纳米管成功地被纵向切割成带状结构的氧化石墨烯纳米带。力学测试表明,当氧化石墨烯纳米带用量为2%(质量分数)时,复合材料薄膜弹性模量与拉伸强度相比TPU薄膜提高了160%与123%。氧气透过率测试表明当氧化石墨烯纳米带用量为2%(质量分数)时,复合材料薄膜氧气透过率降低77%,阻隔性能明显提高。     

3D氧化石墨烯纳米带-碳纳米管/TPU复合材料薄膜的制备与性能

利用溶液成型法制得3D功能化氧化石墨烯纳米带-碳纳米管(pGONRs-CNTs)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜。采用FTIR,XRD,XPS和TEM对所得pGONRs-CNTs的结构及性能进行表征,并结合所得TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率和拉伸性能测试以及表面形貌观察,研究GONRs与CNTs的协同作用以及不同含量pGONRs-CNTs对TPU复合材料薄膜阻隔和力学性能的影响。结果表明:pGONRs-CNTs复合体具有独特的3D交织状结构,其中GONRs间通过CNTs链接,二者间较强的π-π键使得这种结合形态牢固紧密,同时CNTs的存在也起到支撑骨架的作用,防止GONRs的滑移与团聚;通过异氰酸苯酯的改性处理,pGONRs-CNTs复合体的亲油性得到明显提高,同时较为庞大的异氰酸根的引入,使得GONR-GONR间的层间距得到了进一步的提高,更有利于其在聚合物基体中实现均匀分散。当pGONRs-CNTs质量分数为0.5%时,pGONRs-CNTs/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率和拉伸强度相比纯TPU薄膜分别降低了63.08%和提高了46.55%,阻隔性能和力学性能均得到显著改善。     

功能化氧化石墨烯纳米带/EVA复合材料薄膜的制备及表征

采用纵向氧化切割多壁碳纳米管法制得氧化石墨烯纳米带(GONRs),通过硅烷偶联剂KH-570与GONRs反应得到功能化氧化石墨烯纳米带,随后利用溶液成型的方法在涂膜机上制得功能化氧化石墨烯纳米带(K-GONRs)/乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)复合材料薄膜.用FTIR,XRD,XPS,TEM,FE-SEM,氧气透过仪和电子万能试验机研究了复合材料的结构与性能.研究表明,本实验成功制得薄条状K-GONRs,其层间距约为0.970nm,相比GONRs增加了0.095nm; K-GONRs形状均一、规整并均匀分散于EVA基体中;当K-GONRs质量分数为1％时,K-GONRs/EVA复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率和拉伸强度相比纯EVA薄膜分别降低了54.5％和提高了89.3％,阻隔性能和力学性能得到明显改善.     

功能化石墨烯纳米带-纳米碳纤维/热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备及性能

利用溶液涂覆成膜工艺在涂膜机上制得功能化石墨烯纳米带-纳米碳纤维/热塑性聚氨酯(FGNRs-CNFs/TPU)复合材料薄膜。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜对所得FGNRs-CNFs的结构与性能进行表征,并结合复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率和体积电阻率测试以及断面形貌观察,研究了不同含量的FGNRs-CNFs对TPU复合材料薄膜阻隔和抗静电性能的影响。结果显示,KH-550成功接枝在GNRs上,并且FGNRs附着在骨架CNFs上形成稳定的FGNRs-CNFs网络结构,这有利于其在TPU中均匀分散;相比于纯TPU薄膜,当FGNRs-CNFs质量分数为1%时,FGNRsCNFs/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率降低了68.8%,阻隔性能得到大幅度提升;石墨烯纳米带与纳米碳纤维构建导电网络,当添加量为0.6%时,复合材料薄膜导电性能提升了7个数量级,表现出优良的室温导电性能。     

功能氧化石墨烯/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料薄膜的制备及阻隔性能

为了提高热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的阻隔性能,首先,采用溶液成型的方法在涂膜机上制备了功能氧化石墨烯(IP-GO)/TPU复合材料薄膜。然后,利用FTIR、XPS、XRD、FE-SEM、原子力显微镜和氧气透过仪对IP-GO/TPU复合材料的形貌和性能进行了表征。结果表明:IP-GO层间距相对原始鳞片石墨的增加了0.696nm,片层的厚度为1.2nm左右。IP-GO以褶皱层状的形式均匀分散在TPU基体中,并且包覆在复合材料薄膜断口表面。当IP-GO含量为3wt%时,IP-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率为84.325cm3/(m2·d·Pa),相比纯TPU薄膜的280.973cm3/(m2·d·Pa)下降了70%,阻隔性能明显提高。研究解决了TPU薄膜阻隔性能不佳的问题,为高阻隔聚合物的制备提供了一种思路和方法。     

氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子和石墨烯纳米带的研究进展

氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子是将氧化石墨烯纳米带(GONRs)与其他纳米粒子经π-π键、氢键等结合方式复合在一起,通过这种特殊的结合形态一方面可以有效地防止GONRs的聚积,另一方面新的纳米粒子的引入能够赋予该杂化材料某些特殊的性能,从而有利于充分发挥GONRs杂化材料在聚合物改性等领域的综合性能。本文综述了氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子的制备方法、性能和应用现状。此外,针对GONRs的还原产物石墨烯纳米带(GNRs)的结构、性能、制备方法及其应用领域也进行了系统性地论述。相关研究表明,氧化石墨烯纳米带杂化粒子的设计与制备是氧化石墨烯纳米带迈向实用领域的一个有效途径,而石墨烯纳米作为石墨烯的一种特殊结构的二维变体,继承了石墨烯优良的导电和导热等性能,同时特殊的边缘效应,因而呈现出了更广阔的应用潜力。     

层叠状功能化石墨烯纳米带/TPU复合材料薄膜的制备与性能

利用溶液涂覆成膜工艺在涂膜机上制得层叠状功能化石墨烯纳米带（SF-GNRs）/热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）复合材料薄膜。采用FTIR、XRD、XPS、TEM和FE-SEM对SF-GNRs的结构进行表征,并结合复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率、体积电阻率测试及表面形貌观察,研究了不同质量分数的SF-GNRs对TPU复合材料薄膜阻隔和抗静电性能的影响。结果表明:所得高比表面积SF-GNRs在TPU基体中分散良好;当SF-GNRs质量分数为1.0%时,SF-GNRs/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率相比纯TPU薄膜降低了67.76%,阻隔性能得到明显改善;当SF-GNRs质量分数达到1.0%～1.5%时,SF-GNRs/TPU复合材料薄膜出现了电渗流行为,表现出优良的室温导电性能。      

热塑性聚氨酯/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用热剥离法和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)改性制备了功能化氧化石墨烯(iGO),并以iGO作为填料制备了热塑性聚氨酯/石墨烯(TPU/iGO)纳米复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对GO和iGO进行了微观形貌研究;采用XRD衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪和傅里叶红外光谱仪等对复合材料的结构进行了研究;采用精密介电频潜仪测定了复合材料的介电常数和介质损耗因数。结果表明,TDI对iGO材料的插层改性,增大了石墨烯的层间距;TPU-2.0%iGO纳米复合材料的拉曼光谱与纯iGO材料更加相似,而其红外光谱与纯TPU材料更加相似;iGO的掺入,有效提高了复合材料的抗拉强度,当iGO添加量为0.5%(体积分数)时,TPU/iGO纳米复合材料的抗拉强度达到最大,为54.6MPa,比纯TPU基体材料提高了20.5%;在频率为1 000 Hz时,TPU-2.0%iGO纳米复合材料薄膜的介电常数最高可以达到308.2,同时介电损耗却很低,在频率1 000 Hz时,其介电损耗在0.2以下。因此,TPU/iGO纳米复合材料可作为有效的EMI屏蔽和ESD材料。     

TPU/GO-ODA复合材料的结构与导电性能

目的以十八烷基胺(ODA)修饰的氧化石墨烯(GO-ODA)和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为主要材料,制备具有良好导电性能的复合材料。方法采用溶液浇注法与热压工艺制备热塑性聚氨酯/功能化石墨烯(TPU/GO-ODA)复合材料,考察GO-ODA的结构和导电性能,分析GO-ODA对TPU/GO-ODA复合材料的导电性能、拉伸-电阻敏感性的影响。结果 GO-ODA的导电性能明显优于GO;所制备的TPU/GO-ODA复合材料具有良好的导电性能,且它的拉伸-电阻敏感行为可重复性良好。结论 TPU/GO-ODA具有良好的导电性能、应变响应能力和可重复性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.