NiCrFeAl/h-BN.SiO2可磨耗封严涂层抗冲刷性能研究

利用METCO 6P-Ⅱ火焰喷涂制备NiCrFeAl/h-BN.SiO₂可磨耗封严涂层,采用SiO₂对NiCrFeAl/h-BN进行改性,改善涂层的可磨耗性。采用不同氧气/乙炔流量比(氧燃比)制备可磨耗封严涂层,并对涂层抗冲刷性能进行评价。结果显示：NiCrFeAl在喷涂过程中熔化并包覆h-BN和SiO₂粒子;随氧燃比的升高,金属相熔化更加充分,h-BN和SiO₂粒子在涂层中分布的均匀性提高,涂层表面洛氏硬度由50.8 HR15Y提高到70.3 HR15Y,结合强度升高;涂层冲刷后形貌表现出粘着磨损和磨粒磨损特征,冲刷表面粗糙度随氧燃比升高而降低,金属相对非金属相的充分包裹提高了涂层的内聚力,涂层质量损失降低,抗冲刷性能提高。     

不同脉冲频率条件下2219-T87高强铝合金焊缝成形行为

采用复合超高频脉冲方波变极性钨极氩弧焊接技术完成了2219-T87高强铝合金平板堆焊试验,分析了脉冲电流频率对焊缝成形特征的影响及其规律.结果表明,脉冲电流频率对电弧特性及熔池流动行为有较大影响,造成焊缝熔宽、熔深及熔透率出现显著变化.脉冲频率f_H<60 kHz时,焊缝熔宽、熔深随脉冲频率的增加而增大,熔透率在f_H<35 kHz时基本保持不变,在f_H>35 kHz时出现显著提升,较常规变极性氩弧焊(VP-GTAW)至少提高了34%;当脉冲频率达到60 kHz时,焊缝熔透率达到最大,较VP-GTAW提高了约60%;脉冲频率f_H>65 kHz时,熔宽、熔深及熔透率呈现回落趋势.     

镁扩散制备Pr6O11掺杂的 MgB2块体临界电流密度和磁场性能研究

采用镁扩散方法制备了Pr₆O₁₁纳米颗粒添加的MgB₂超导块体,研究了Pr₆O₁₁掺杂对其临界电流密度(J_c),不可逆磁场(H_irr)和上临界磁场(H_c2)的影响。实验结果表明Pr₆O₁₁纳米颗粒掺杂明显提高了块体的J_c,H_irr和H_c2,但没有降低其超导转变温度T_c。在20 K自场条件下,质量比为1 wt.% Pr₆O₁₁掺杂的MgB₂块体的J_c较没掺杂样品提高了将近5倍, J_c=3.61×10₅A/cm₂。在10 K温度下,MgB₂块体H_c2 和H_irr较没掺杂样品分别提高了1.9 T and 2.6 T。同时讨论了Pr₆O₁₁纳米颗粒掺杂对MgB₂块体的电性能和磁通钉扎机制的影响。     

Ni-WC涂层在饱和H2S溶液中的磨损和腐蚀行为

为了提高深海石油钻采工具的耐磨耐蚀性能,利用等离子转移弧堆焊(PTA)在不锈钢表面制备了不同球形碳化钨(WC)含量的镍(Ni)基涂层,并研究了该涂层在饱和硫化氢(H₂S)溶液中的耐磨损与腐蚀性能。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪等方法研究了涂层的表界面形貌和组成结构。利用显微硬度测试仪和摩擦磨损测试仪研究了涂层的耐磨损性能。通过极化曲线和3D光学轮廓仪等方法研究了涂层在H₂S溶液中的腐蚀速率和点蚀分布。结果显示,球形WC粉末的Ni基合金颗粒经过离子转移电弧堆焊在合金钢表面形成的涂层,其主要成分为WC,W₂C,Ni和Ni₃Fe。但WC的体积分数对于涂层的耐磨耐蚀性能影响较大,当WC的体积分数为60%时(Ni-60%WC),涂层在H₂S溶液中的耐磨与耐蚀性能均优于单纯的Ni基涂层和Ni-30%WC涂层。因此,文中研究为深海石油钻采工具的表面防护提供了一种新的思路和选择。     

黏结相对YSZ基高温封严涂层沉积效率和热循环性能的影响∗

为解决 YSZ(Y₂O₃ 部分稳定的 ZrO₂ ) 陶瓷基高温封严涂层沉积效率较低和易于过早剥落失效的问题,选择氧化铝 (Al ₂O₃ )、钇铝石榴石(Y₃Al ₅O₁₂ ,YAG)及镁铝尖晶石(MgAl ₂O₄ )为三种高温黏结相,通过喷雾造粒的方法分别制备出 B0(无黏结相)、B1(含 Al ₂O₃ )、B2(含 YAG)和 B3(含 MgAl ₂O₄ )等四种 YSZ 基团聚颗粒,研究黏结相对涂层沉积效率和热循环性能的影响。 结果表明,YAG 的黏附和包裹作用最强,与 B0 型粉末相比,B2 型粉末的沉积效率提高了 181. 49%;热循环过程中不断增长的裂纹扩展驱动力和陶瓷材料的脆性属性是导致陶瓷涂层剥落失效的主要原因,由于 YAG 相的弥散增韧作用,B2 型涂层的断口呈现出类韧窝形貌,与 B0 型涂层相比,B2 型涂层的断裂韧性提高了 39. 76%,热循环寿命提高了 43. 68%。 YAG 黏结相的添加显著地提高了 YSZ 陶瓷基高温封严涂层的沉积效率,同时较好地提高了涂层的热循环寿命。     

等离子喷涂制备ZrB2/SiC/Ta2O5涂层抗烧蚀性能研究

为了提高C/C复合材料的抗烧蚀性能,通过等离子喷涂法在C/C表面制备了SiC/Al₂O₃内层和ZrB₂/SiC/Ta₂O₅外层的双层涂层,通过XRD,SEM和EDS分析了涂层烧蚀前后的物相组成、微观结构和成分分布。烧蚀前涂层表面没有裂纹并且内层与基体、内层与外层之间结合良好。元素Zr、Si、Ta在涂层表面的分布相近,涂层表面成分分布均匀性良好。通过氧乙炔火焰在1800 ℃下对涂层的抗烧蚀性能进行考核。烧蚀过程中形成的镶嵌结构有利于阻挡氧气的渗入,Ta-Si-O玻璃层的形成封填了涂层孔隙,对基体有良好的保护效果,涂层表现出了较好的抗烧蚀性能。     

钛合金表面TiB2涂层与纯铝的高温黏着磨损行为*

航空发动机低压气机机匣内表面 Al 基封严涂层的使用,可以通过其自身的磨耗实现保护 TC4 叶尖的目的,但同时 Al 基封严涂层中以 Al 为主的基体材料易于大量黏着转移至 TC4 叶尖表面,使叶尖长度增加,影响发动机运行稳定性。采用直流脉冲磁控溅射工艺在钛合金表面沉积 TiB₂ 涂层,以期实现抗 Al 黏着磨损目的。具有致密结构的 TiB₂涂层在钛合金表面膜基结合临界载荷(L_C4)达 85.4 N。在高温销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上评价钛合金表面 TiB₂涂层与纯铝销对摩(室温至 450 ℃) 的抗 Al 黏着磨损性能。与 TC4 基体相比较,TiB₂ 涂层可有效抑制 Al 的黏着转移。对摩铝销磨斑具有拖尾特征和剪切舌特征。 铝销向 TiB₂涂层表面的机械涂抹和铝销对 Al 黏着转移层的剪切去除作用相互竞争,共同控制 Al 的黏着转移行为。TiB₂涂层磨痕内保持低表面粗糙度可减小高温软化铝销的机械涂抹倾向。同时 TiB₂涂层与 Al 黏着转移层间优异的化学稳定性可阻碍界面反应进行,降低界面结合强度,进而促进铝销对 Al 黏着转移层的剪切去除作用。钛合金表面 TiB₂ 涂层通过抑制铝销机械涂抹并增强铝销对 Al 黏着转移层的剪切去除而获得优异的抗 Al 黏着磨损性能。     

二氧化钌电阻涂层电阻温度特性研究

以二氧化钌为导电相的厚膜电阻涂层具有电阻稳定性好和电阻温度系数低等优点,被广泛应用于厚膜集成电路。本文分别以连续铝硅酸盐纤维增强二氧化硅(AS_f/SiO₂)复合材料和氧化铝陶瓷为基材,采用丝网印刷工艺在两种基材表面印制了二氧化钌电阻涂层,并通过数字图像相关法、有限元分析法和XRD应力测定法系统研究了25~700°C范围内电阻涂层和基材之间的热匹配特性,分析了涂层的电阻温度特性。结果表明,由于电阻涂层的热膨胀系数大于AS_f/SiO₂复合材料,导致烧结其上的电阻涂层在室温状态受到残余拉应力,高温状态下该拉应力被释放,导电颗粒间的距离减小,势垒电阻减小,宏观表现为涂层电阻随测试温度升高而减小,呈现负的电阻温度特性。相反,由于电阻涂层的热膨胀系数小于氧化铝陶瓷,烧结其上的电阻涂层在室温状态受到残余压应力,高温状态压应力释放导致导电颗粒间的距离增大,势垒电阻增加,电阻涂层呈现正的温度特性。     

TiB2涂层熔盐电沉积制备与表征

炭阴极在铝电解槽中受熔盐和铝液腐蚀而影响寿命,而TiB₂涂层是铝电解槽理想的阴极材料。本文以石墨为基体,在KF-KCl-K₂TiF₆-KBF₄熔盐中以0.4-0.7A.cm_-2^{电流密度、}700-800℃温度电沉积TiB₂涂层,通过XRD衍射仪、SEM-EDS、表面粗糙度测量仪及附着力测试仪对不同电流密度和温度下制备的涂层进行表征。结果表明：在石墨基体上可以得到均匀连贯的TiB₂涂层;增大电流密度、降低电解温度可以细化涂层晶粒,提高涂层致密性;在0.6 A.cm_-²、750℃最优电沉积条件下制得的TiB₂涂层的厚度为229 μm,择优取向为<110>,表面粗糙度为14.85 μm,涂层与石墨基体的结合力为6.39 MPa。     

Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 (0≤x≤1)纳米粉体的模板辅助溶胶凝胶法制备及其磁性能研究

通过模板辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列的Mn_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄(0≤x≤1,步长为0.2)纳米粉体。利用XRD和VSM对材料的物相和磁性能进行了表征,主要研究了Mn_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄分子式中Zn含量的变化对样品的微观结构和磁性能的影响。实验结果表明,具有不同Zn含量的Mn_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄样品均为尖晶石结构;随着Zn含量的增加,样品的晶面间距d、平均晶粒尺寸D、饱和磁化强度M_s和居里温度T_c都呈现出下降的趋势,而样品的矫顽力H_c则呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。分析认为,M_s的下降可以用Yafet-Kittel倾角理论解释,T_c的降低归因于晶格中反铁磁性耦合的降低,而H_c的变化则主要是由于材料的磁晶各向异性常数K₁的变化引起的。     

表层绝热对定向凝固Ni60合金涂层凝固行为的影响

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备Ni60合金涂层,在高频感应重熔+强制冷却处理条件下,研究了表面散热条件对涂层的组织结构、元素分布和性能的影响。结果表明:在自然散热条件,涂层形成了定向树枝晶结构组织,通过表面覆盖层的保护,改变表面散热条件,使涂层组织向具有熔结特征的等轴晶转变,并且形成了两个明显不同组织的区域,在靠近基体区域,组织细小致密,但组织和元素分布不均匀;而靠近涂层表面区域,组织具有长大现象,但元素和组织均匀性明显提高。相对于未加覆盖层涂层,附加覆盖层的涂层元素和基体元素在界面处具有更充分的扩散,基体元素向涂层中的扩散较涂层元素向基体扩散更加强烈。覆盖层的附加明显提高了涂层硬度,使涂层表面的宏观硬度由33.4 HRC提高到54.4 HRC,涂层截面的显微硬度由566.1 HV0.2提高到659.2 HV0.2。     

The effect of SiC particles added in electroless Ni-P plating solution on the properties of composite coatings

To verify the relationship between the properties of composite coatings prepared on Q235 steel and the SiC content of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, systematic experiments with varied SiC contents and surfactants have been conducted. The experimental results indicated the approximate linear relation between the SiC content and the hardness of composite coatings. With the increasing of SiC content, wear resistance increases correspondingly. In particular, the effect of SiC content on the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings immersed in different corrosive solutions (i.e. 5% H₂SO₄, 20% NaOH and 3.5% NaCl) is explored, followed by a comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance between Ni-P and Ni-P-SiC coatings. Corrosion test indicates that NaOH solution makes no differences in the corrosion resistance between Ni-P coatings and electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, both being uncorroded. Exposed to NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings decreases gradually with the increasing of SiC content in coatings. In H₂SO₄ solution, the corrosion resistance of coatings increases initially and decreases afterwards with the sustained increasing of SiC content in coatings, and the optimized corrosion resistance is obtained at a SiC content of 9.41 wt.%. Finally, a competent electroless Ni-P-SiC composite plating process producing a high wear resistance and sound corrosion resistance of the coatings is obtained.     

Improving the uniformity in mechanical properties of a sintered Ti compact using a trace amount of internal lubricant

Large sintered powder compacts are likely to be associated with variability in mechanical properties; an improvement of the uniformity of the mechanical properties of sintered powder compacts is important for powder metallurgy. In this work 0.3–1 wt.% stearic acid (SA) or magnesium stearate (MgSt) was added to a 40 mm diameter Ti powder compacts with height to depth (H/D) ratio of unity to give a more uniform green density. Tensile test pieces were cut from selected positions in each sintered compact to obtain the distribution of mechanical properties. Results revealed that variations in mechanical properties are due to the pore morphology with respect to size, aspect ratio and preferred orientation. A trace amount of lubricant significantly improves the uniformity in mechanical properties by optimizing the porosity distribution and minimizing the pore size and aspect ratio of pores after sintering. Such an effect was achieved by reducing the initial green density inhomogeneity and the stress induced by the mismatch of sintering shrinkage. However a relatively high 1 wt.% SA addition with a large particle size created burnt-off pores in the top and bottom zones. MgSt is not recommended since it significantly increases the oxygen content. An addition of 0.6 wt.% SA is the best choice due to the even pore distribution, small pore size and acceptable level of oxygen pick up.     

The effect of n-alcohols on porous anodic alumina formed by self-organized two-step anodizing of aluminum in phosphoric acid

Self-ordered porous anodic alumina films were fabricated by a two-step anodization technique at potentials between 110 and 170 V using different n-alcohols and water mixtures containing 0.3 M H₃PO₄ at the electrolyte temperatures of 0 and − 5 °C. The morphology of the specimens was observed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films fabricated in the absence of n-alcohols exhibit a complex structure with sub-pores, independently of the anodizing potential. The sub-pore structure of films disappeared in the presence of n-alcohols probably due to the cooling effect of alcohol and extended time for the pore interaction (re-arrangement of pores). Additionally, with increasing anodizing potential, the regularity of pore arrangement, uniformity of pore shape and interpore distance of the AAO film increases independently of the electrolyte composition. The order of arrangement and circular shape of pores increases with increasing n-alcohol content for both anodizing temperatures. The best arranged porous structures were obtained in 1:1 methanol-water electrolyte containing 0.3 M H₃PO₄ (lower evaporating point than n-propanol and water) at 0 °C. The interpore distance of porous anodic alumina decreases with increasing n-alcohol content and increasing regularity of pore arrangement.     

基于多重分形的可磨耗涂层相结构表征及高速刮磨行为分析

目的研究不同结构铝硅聚苯酯(AlSi-PHB)低温封严涂层中聚苯酯相的分布在高速刮磨条件下与涂层刮削力的关系。方法利用大气等离子喷涂方法制备三种不同结构的AlSi-PHB封严涂层,采用扫描电镜和激光共聚焦设备获得涂层截面形貌的金相照片,通过Matlab软件得出表征聚苯酯相分布的多重分形谱。采用UMT-2微摩擦磨损实验机得到摩擦系数。通过高速转子试验台测得涂层在给定高速刮磨条件下的刮削力,并分析涂层的摩擦磨损机制。结果多重分形谱可以定量表征聚苯酯相的分布及大小颗粒数目比例。三种摩擦副得到的摩擦系数分别为0.64、0.56、0.55,高速刮磨过程中的刮削力分别为104、154、90 N。三种涂层都发生了微观切削和粘着磨损的摩擦磨损机制。结论在聚苯酯相含量相差不多的情况下,平均摩擦系数与聚苯酯相含量、分布均匀程度及颗粒大小数目比例有关:聚苯酯含量越多,平均摩擦系数越小;在聚苯酯相含量相差不多的情况下,聚苯酯相分布越均匀,颗粒越细小,摩擦系数越小。同时,聚苯酯相的分布均匀程度会影响高速刮磨过程中的刮削力,聚苯酯相分布越均匀,涂层结合强度越高,刮削力越大,涂层越不容易发生脱落。     

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Ni-Cu-Mo Alloy Coatings

This paper deals with the electrodeposition of Ni-Cu-Mo ternary alloy coatings on low-carbon steel substrate from an aqueous citrate sulfate bath. The structures and microstructure of coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry. The corrosion resistance of coatings was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results show that the Ni-Cu-Mo coatings are mainly composed of fcc-Ni phase and a small amount of NiCu phase. Ni-Cu-Mo coatings exhibit a nodular surface morphology, and the roughness of electroplated coating increases with the increasing of Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O in the bath. The corrosion performance of the coatings is significantly affected by the Mo content of the alloy coating and their surface morphology. The coating prepared in bath containing 40 g/L Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O has the highest corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, while that prepared in bath containing 60 g/L (or more) Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O shows a lower corrosion resistance due to the presence of microcracks on the coating surface.     

Electrodeposition, characterization and long term stability of NiW and NiWZn coatings on copper substrate in alkaline solution

This paper describes the electrodeposition of Ni, NiW and NiWZn coatings onto copper surfaces from electrolyte solutions containing Na₃C₆H₅O₇, Na₂WO₄, NiSO₄ and ZnSO₄. The electrocatalytic effects of electrodeposited coatings were investigated for hydrogen evolution reactions in 1 M NaOH solution. Surface characterization studies were carried out by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and cross-section analysis. The effect of operating conditions on the chemical composition, microstructure and electrocatalytic properties of Ni-W coatings was studied. The Zn ions were used to improve the active surface area and catalytic activity of the electrodeposited surface. The electrocatalytic activity of NiW and NiWZn coated electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution was compared with that of an electrodeposited Ni electrode and copper substrate by using cathodic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques over 96 h of electrolysis. The results proved that the NiWZn coated electrode showed better electrocatalytic activity and durability than bare Cu, Ni and NiW coatings.     

Corrosion and protection characteristics of phosphate coatings: effect of yttrium oxide as additive

Abstract

The corrosion and protection characteristics of phosphate coatings formed in a phosphating solution containing mainly ZnO, H₃PO₄ and NaF, using Y₂O₃ as an additive, were investigated through SEM, polarisation curves and EIS diagrams. The results show that the corrosion protection of phosphate coatings has been improved when Y₂O₃ is added to the phosphating solution, making the free corrosion potential shift to the positive direction and causing the corrosion current to decrease. The protection ability of phosphate coatings depends mainly on their barrier performance. The phosphate coatings formed in the phosphating solution with 10 and 20 mg L^–1 Y₂O₃ have finer crystal structures and smaller porosity; therefore, they exhibit better corrosion resistance and adhesion properties than those without Y₂O₃ and with 40 mg L^–1 Y₂O₃.     

Oxidation Behavior of Cast Ni3Al Alloys and Microcrystalline Ni3Al+5% Cr Coatings with and without Y Doping

Ni₃Al+5% Cr and Ni₃Al+5% Cr+0.3% Y (wt.%) microcrystalline coatings were produced using a close-field, unbalanced magnetron-sputter deposition (CFUMSD) technique. Isothermal and cyclic-oxidation tests were carried out to assess the oxidation resistance of the coatings. The results showed that Al₂O₃ formed on the coatings as the main oxidation products, with the formation of - and -Al₂O₃ scales at 900 and 1200°C, respectively. The spallation resistance of the Al₂O₃ scales formed on the coatings was superior to the oxide scales formed on cast Ni₃Al. After oxidation, interfacial voids were observed on the oxide–metal interface of the cast alloy while no voids were found on the coating surfaces. On the basis of the enhancement of Al diffusion, because of the high density of grain boundaries in the coatings, oxidation mechanisms were proposed.     

气压对定向凝固藕状多孔镁的气孔分布影响

采用统计分析方法,通过孔径分布、气孔最邻近距离和局部气孔率定量分析定向凝固藕状多孔镁横截面上的气孔分布特征,并在此基础上分析气压对藕状多孔镁气孔分布的作用规律。结果表明:纯氢条件下气压越高,孔尺寸分布越趋于一致、孔位置和气孔结构单元分布越均匀;氢气分压一定,选择合适的氩气分压可使熔体共晶凝固时,孔尺寸、孔位置和气孔结构单元的分布最均匀。