“三软”地层下分层高档普采面顶板事故规律及其原因分析

本文讨论了北皂煤矿“三软”地层下分层开采时顶板事故规律，并应用二维有限元法分析了层煤体及其再生顶板中压应力和剪应力变化规律，还对支架受力情况进行了分析，从而找出了顶板事故原因，也提出了预防措施，获得了良好效果。     

新集二矿巨厚砂岩顶板采煤面前方两侧煤体应力及位移分布数值模拟

根据新集二矿210108工作面工程实际,采用FLAC软件分析了顶板岩性及厚度对采煤面位置两侧煤体应力及位移分布影响,在此基础上得出巨厚砂岩顶板采煤面两侧煤体应力位移分布特点,为工作面附近巷道合理布置提供依据。     

接触面等应力增量比路径单剪试验及模型研究

为研究等应力增量比路径下土与结构接触面力学特性,进行高塑性粘土与混凝土接触面等应力增量比路径单剪试验,获得不同应力路径下应力应变关系曲线。试验结果表明,高塑性粘土能够较好地适应大变形,接触面剪应力与切向应变关系呈剪切硬化型曲线,法向剪胀不明显;接触面剪切强度与应力路径无关,应力应变关系与应力路径密切相关;初始法向应力一定,应力增量比越小,剪应力增长越快,对应的破坏剪应力也越高;无剪胀发生情况下,法向应变与法向应力关系曲线与单向压缩试验具有一致性;应力比与切向应变呈良好的双曲线关系。在试验研究的基础上,基于广义位势理论,将土与结构接触面问题看着应力空间上的二维数学问题,采用塑性状态方程代替传统的屈服面,建立了双重势面接触面弹塑性模型。模型能够反映应力路径、初始法向应力对接触面力学特性的影响,具有一般性,参数能够通过试验完全确定,可以方便地应用于有限元分析,具有一定的应用推广价值。     

分级加载条件下的锯齿状结构面剪切松弛特性

为研究结构面的剪切应力松弛特性,采用水泥砂浆浇筑成不同角度的结构面试样,利用岩石双轴流变试验机对规则齿形结构面进行不同剪切应力水平下的松弛试验,试验结果表明:结构面剪切应力松弛曲线可以分为瞬时、减速和稳态3个阶段;依据松弛曲线特征,考虑模型参数的时间相关性,将粘滞系数看作是与时间有关的非定常参数,建立非线性Maxwell松弛方程,与试验曲线拟合结果比较理想,得到了初始粘滞系数与剪应力水平的关系;根据松弛应力随剪应力水平的变化规律,及蠕变确定长期强度的机理,提出了应力松弛试验确定长期强度的方法,即松弛应力峰值对应的剪应力为结构面的长期强度.     

深部复合顶板巷道变形破坏机理研究

高应力下软弱复合顶板的持续塑性变形破坏,是深矿井巷道支护与维护的难点之一.分析了车集煤矿2405工作面区段运输平巷和区段回风平巷的围岩结构和岩性特征,构建了该类巷道复合顶板的力学模型,导出了该模型的力学变形方程.对巷道顶板变形破坏机理进行了深入分析,认为当巷道顶板岩层所受轴向压力大于岩梁达到屈服时的临界压力0.8倍时,巷道变形(下沉)明显增大,严重时产生冒顶.提出了同类巷道掘进过程中围岩控制的关键措施.     

考虑主应力偏转的采动诱发断层活化机理研究

为探讨采动诱发应力场偏转活化断层机理,采用库仑破裂应力增量为断层单元活化判据,引入损伤因子评价断层面活化滑移破坏程度,模拟分析了主应力偏转对不同倾角断层面上应力分布及断层滑移量的影响.研究表明:采动诱发主应力偏转使得沿断层面剪应力增加,而垂直于断层的正应力又受开采卸压和应力偏转影响而减小;断层倾角越大,断层面上剪应力增量对主应力偏转响应越明显;逆断层下盘工作面向断层方向回采时,断层面附近区域底板主应力最先发生偏转,顶板处主应力偏转滞后于煤层和底板,然而顶板中主应力偏转量最大.不同断层倾角断层损伤因子随主应力偏转角变化呈倒"S"型变化.对于倾角分别为15°,30°,45°和60°断层,当最大主应力偏转至垂直断层时,断层面库仑破裂应力和损伤因子均最小;而偏转至平行断层时,断层库仑破裂应力和损伤因子最大,损伤因子最大值约为最小值的8.5~9.2倍.     

岩体结构面渗流研究现状

岩体渗流实质上就是结构面及其网络的渗流。由于受节理张开度、表面粗糙度、接触面积、裂隙法向应力变化和填充物等影响,从而使岩体结构面的渗流特征变得非常复杂。本从岩体结构面几何特征的数值分析和经验分析讨论了岩体结构面渗流研究状况。     

剪切梁模型在煤矿中的弹性变形分析

由于煤矿开采深度不断增大,采场顶板压力对工作面带来严重的矿山压力显现,对生产和人身安全造成严重威胁.将煤层顶板简化为只受剪力作用的剪切梁模型,在不考虑横向变形情况下用,研究开采过程中的顶板变形和应力分布规律,确定顶板最大挠度和最大等效剪切力的所在位置,为煤矿开采过程中预防顶板事故发生提供理论依据.     

深部复合顶板巷道变形破坏机理研究

高应力下软弱复合顶板的持续塑性变形破坏，是深矿井巷道支护与维护的难点之一．分析了车集煤矿2405工作面区段运输平巷和区段回风平巷的围岩结构和岩性特征，构建了该类巷道复合顶板的力学模型，导出了该模型的力学变形方程．对巷道顶板变形破坏机理进行了深入分析，认为当巷道顶板岩层所受轴向压力大于岩梁达到屈服时的临界压力0．8倍时，巷道变形（下沉）明显增大，严重时产生冒顶．提出了同类巷道掘进过程中围岩控制的关键措施．     

锯齿状结构面剪切蠕变、松弛及长期强度研究

为对结构面的蠕变、松弛和长期强度进行综合分析,用水泥砂浆浇筑成不同角度的结构面试样,采用相同的分级加载方法,在岩石双轴流变试验机上对规则齿形结构面进行剪切蠕变试验和松弛试验.首先分析了蠕变特性与松弛特性的异同及蠕变和松弛过程中剪应力-位移曲线的差异,其次基于蠕变速率及蠕变与松弛关系,推导能够描述应力松弛的经验方程,最后分别基于蠕变试验和松弛试验确定结构面的长期强度,并对长期强度进行对比分析.研究结果表明:蠕变曲线与松弛曲线形态相似,变化趋势相反;蠕变变形量和应力松弛量都随结构面爬坡角的增大而增大;蠕变过程和松弛过程的剪应力-位移曲线显示两者的应力-应变路径不同,表明蠕变和松弛过程中能量变化不同,且由于不可逆功的存在,不能简单认为蠕变和松弛是等价的;本文提出的应力松弛方程,能够较好地描述松弛过程,但蠕变方程和松弛方程的拟合参数值相差约1个数量级;基于相同的机理,根据蠕变试验和松弛试验确定的结构面长期强度不同,相差约为9%,而且长期强度值与蠕变过程和松弛过程中剪应力-位移曲线的屈服强度比较接近.     

Study on fault induced rock bursts

In order to study the rules of rock bursts caused by faults by means of mechanical analysis of a roof rock-mass balanced structure and numerical simulation about fault slip destabilization, the effect of coal mining operation on fault plane stresses and slip displacement were studied. The results indicate that the slip displacement sharply increases due to the decrease of normal stress and the increase of shear stress at the fault plane when the working face advances from the footwall to the fault itself, which may induce a fault rock burst. However, this slip displacement will be very small due to the increase of normal stress and the decrease of shear stress when the working face advances from the hanging wall to the fault itself, which results in a very small risk of a fault rock burst.     

资兴高速K21段顺层岩质边坡支护过程数值模拟研究

以资兴高速K21段顺层岩质边坡为研究对象,借助现场调查、数值模拟研究段边坡的开挖和支护过程,对各阶段的稳定性、位移、应力等的变化规律进行分析,验证了开挖、支护设计的合理性以及边坡加固的安全性,研究了边坡在开挖支护过程中应力应变规律。结果表明,顺层岩质边坡开挖扰动开挖破坏了边坡原有的应力分布,导致岩体产生裂隙损伤和变形,并逐渐扩张,弱化岩体和层面自身的强度。同时,边坡开挖,直接破坏了边坡原有的连续受力体系,由于软弱层面的抗剪强度较低,从而导致岩层沿开挖揭露的软弱层面整体下滑。锚索框架一方面通过对坡体的位移的控制作用,增加坡体的稳定性,另一方面通过预应力锚索把层状岩体锚固在一起,使得各层之间摩阻力增大,内应力和挠度大为减少,大大提高了层面的抗剪强度。     

Effect of pre-tensioned rock bolts on stress redistribution around a roadway-insight from numerical modeling

The importance of the pre-tensioned force of rock bolts has been recognized by more and more researchers. To investigate the effect of pre-tensioned rock bolts on stress redistribution around roadways, a numerical analysis was carded out using FLAC3D and a special post-process methodology, using surfer, is proposed to process the numerical simulation results. The results indicate that pre-tensioned rock bolts have a significant effect on stress redistribution around a roadway. In the roof, pre-tensioned rock bolts greatly increase vertical stress; as a result, the strength of the rock mass increased significantly which results in a greater capacity of bearing a large horizontal stress. The horizontal stress decreases in the upper section of the roof, indicating that pre-tensioned rock bolts significantly reduce the coefficient and the size of the region concentration of horizontal stress. At the lateral side, pre-tensioned rock bolts greatly increase the horizontal stress; therefore, the rock mass strength significantly increases which results also in a greater capacity of bearing a large vertical stress. The greater the size of pre-tensioned force, the larger the region of stress redistribution around a roadway is affected and the higher the size of the stress on the roadway surface the more the rock mass strength increases.     

巷道围岩应力空间分布仿真分析

为得出巷道围岩应力空间分布特征,以圆形断面巷道为例,采用复变函数方法得出其应力解,并把映射空间解转化为巷道所在空间解后对巷道周围岩体应力场进行仿真分析,得出了巷道周围岩体应力场分布直观图,可方便直观的了解巷道围岩任意位置应力分布情况。并考虑不同半径、不同侧压系数对围岩应力场的影响,得出了：圆形巷道围岩应力峰值及其出现方向与半径无关;侧压系数小于1/3时,顶底板开始产生拉应力,大于3时两帮围岩开始产生拉应力;以及环向、径向、剪切应力及最大、最小应力的变化规律。     

Rock burst induced by roof breakage and its prevention

Based on the research on rock burst phenomenon induced by the breakage of thick and hard roof around roadways and working faces in coal mines, a criterion of rock burst induced by roof breakage (RBRB) was proposed and the model was built. Through the model. a method calculating the varied stresses induced by roof breakage in support objects and coal body was proposed and a unified formula was derived for the calculation of stress increment on support objects and coal body under different breaking forms of roof. Whilst the formula for calculating dynamic load was derived by introducing dynamic index K _d. The formula was verified in Huating Mine by stress measurement. According to the formula for stress increment calculating, the sensitivities of dynamic load parameters were further studied. The results show that the thickness and breaking depth of roof, width of support object are the sensitive factors. Based on the discussion of the model, six associated effective methods for rock burst prevention are obtained.     

Simulation analysis of construction process of high rock slope＇ s stabilization

A self-developed elasto-plastic finite element program was used to analyze the construction sequence of high rock slope＇ s stabilization in a coal-coking plant, and the result was compared with that employing the ultimate equilibrium method. Based on the results of finite element analysis, the stress contour graphs and displacement vector graphs at different construction steps were obtained, and the behavior of the slope during stabilization construction process was analyzed quantitatively. Based on the analysis of safety factors of three different schemes of stabilization and two different construction schemes, the assessment of stability and bracing design of the construction process were performed. The results show that the original reinforcement design is improper; the stability of the rock slope is controlled by a developed structural plane, the stability factor after excavation is less than 1, and the free surface should be braced in time; for stability, the construction sequence should adopt that bracing follows excavation step by step up to down; the local slide occurred during the construction process agrees with the dangerous slide determined by the numerical analysis, which proves the validity and rationality of the adopted method.     

Numerical analysis of tunnel reinforcing influences on failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves

Based on mesoscopic damage mechanics, numerical code RFPA2D （dynamic edition） was developed to analyze the influence of tunnel reinforcing on failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves. The results show that the propagation phenomenon of stress wave in the surrounding rock of tunnel and the failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves are reproduced realistically by using numerical code RFPA2O; from the failure process of surrounding rock, the place at which surrounding rock fractures is transferred because of tunnel reinforcing, and the rockfall and collapse caused by failure of surrounding rock are restrained by tunnel reinforcing; furthermore, the absolute values of peak values of major principal stress, and the minimal principal stress and shear stress at center point of tunnel roof are reduced because of tunnel reinforcing, and the displacement at center point of runnel roof is reduced as well, consequently the stability of tunnel increases.     

岩质边坡锚杆应力监测离心模型试验研究

基于离心模型试验方法,以m(重晶石粉)∶m(石英砂)∶m(石膏)∶m(水)=1.50∶1.00∶0.25∶0.50的质量比制备岩石替代材料,并制作3类典型岩质边坡的试验模型,通过应力监测方法研究岩质边坡失稳前的应力变化规律。试验结果为3类岩质边坡失稳前的应力变化曲线均较为平缓,监测预警易于把握,且具有相通性,均可采用Logistic曲线形式进行拟合;层状岩质边坡监测应以滑动面下部监测为主,结构面控制岩质边坡的破坏形式主要以拉剪破坏为主,试验选取的边坡类型监测应以上部结构面为主,碎裂结构岩质边坡应以边坡上部监测为主。综合离心模型试验结果表明,采用应力监测的方法评价公路岩质边坡的稳定性具有可行性。     

煤矿直接顶与老顶离层破坏影响因素分析

复合巷道支护是国内外巷道支护的难题之一,而复合巷道在我国煤矿巷道中有着广泛的分布．煤巷的开挖位置一旦确定,其围岩结构状态就不再改变,岩层结构上的薄弱部位即为巷道的关键部位．巷道顶板离层破坏影响因素很多,通过对煤层直接顶、老顶的厚度以及岩体的强度等分析,确定其对顶板离层的影响程度,并结合力学分析,建立顶板离层力学模型,计算出顶板离层深度,另外还利用FLAC3D模拟软件,模拟复合巷道在不同环境下老顶与直接顶的变形量,从而得出引起顶板离层破坏的影响因素．     

A new analytical solution for calculation the displacement and shear stress of fully grouted rock bolts and numerical verifications

In presence of difficult conditions in coal mining roadways, an adequate stabilization of the excavation boundary is required to ensure a safe progress of the construction. The stabilization of the roadways can be improved by fully grouted rock bolt, offering properties optimal to the purpose and versatility in use. Investigations of load transfer between the bolt and grout indicate that the bolt profile shape and spacing play an important role in improving the shear strength between the bolt and the surrounding strata. This study proposes a new analytical solution for calculation displacement and shear stress in a fully encapsulated rock bolt in jointed rocks. The main characteristics of the analytical solution consider the bolt profile and jump plane under pull test conditions. The performance of the proposed analytical solution, for three types of different bolt profile configurations, is validated by ANSYS software. The results show there is a good agreement between analytical and numerical methods. Studies indicate that the rate of displacement and shear stress from the bolt to the rock exponentially decayed. This exponential reduction in displacement and shear stress are dependent on the bolt characteristics such as: rib height, rib spacing, rib width and grout thickness, material and joint properties.