探索信息化装备一体化保障发展之路

信息化武器装备的保障能力是现代战争中装备能否发挥最大效能的关键。加快信息化装备军民一体化保障的发展,加强军民一体化保障体系建设,增强装备保障实力,才能提高装备的战斗效能。对信息化装备一体化保障进行阐述,并针对特种飞机特有的保障模式进行阐述,努力探索信息化装备一体化保障的发展之路。     

高原气候环境对装备影响及适应性措施

高原地区因地势高而使其自然气候极为特殊复杂,骤变的气候环境易使装备出现“水土不服”的现象,因此高原环境对装备环境适应性提出了更高要求。本文根据高原气候特点以及装备结构组成,从机械系统、动力系统、光学系统、液压系统、电子系统、调温系统、供水系统和装备材料等方面,对高原气候对装备的影响情况进行了分析,有针对性地提出了装备高原环境适应性解决措施,此基础上对加强装备环境适应性提出了建议。     

高原环境对航空保障装备的影响分析及对策

高原地区独特的气候环境会对航空保障装备技术性能的正常发挥产生重要影响。根据高原气候环境特点和保障装备结构组成,从动力系统、电气系统、气源系统和液压系统四个方面,分析了高原环境对保障装备的影响因素,有针对性地提出了保障装备在高原环境下的改进对策,可为现役装备技术改进和新型装备设计研制提供理论参考。     

浅论装备可靠性工程

本文在介绍装备可靠性工程的发展历程和装备可靠性工程概念内涵的基础上,阐述了装备可靠性要求的确定、可靠性设计与分析、可靠性试验与评估和可靠性管理等工作内容,最后探讨了开展装备可靠性工程的要求和方法,以期给出装备可靠性工程的概貌.     

辽河石油装备制造总公司

<正>辽河石油装备制造总公司(CPLEC)隶属辽河油田公司,产品以陆地、海洋石油装备为核心,以电气、吊机生产为两翼,主要从事海洋工程装备(海洋平台、工程船舶)、陆上石油装备、风力发电设备、港口及海洋工程装备用吊机、电气控制设备     

装备制造业发展循环经济的管理创新

装备制造业是指为满足国民经济各部门发展和国家安全需要而制造各种技术装备的资本品制造产业总称。其产品范围包括机械工业（含航空、航天、船舶和兵器等制造行业）和电子工业中的投资类产品。按照装备功能和重要性,装备制造业主要包括以下三方面内容：一是重大的先进的基础机械,即制造装备的装备工作“母机”;二是重要的机械、电子基础件;三...     

浅论我国环保装备发展策略

着重介绍国内环保装备的发展现状,剖析我国环保装备存在的主要问题及落后的原因,从政府和企业的角度提出我国环保装备国产化应采取的主要措施。指出环保装备的研发应朝低投资、低运转费和低管理要求方向发展,讨论了几种适合国情的设备及工艺。     

碳效比-装备产品低碳性能关键技术参数

本文创新性提出使用产品碳效比作为衡量装备产品低碳性能的技术参数,即以产品碳排放总量与其功能单位总和之商来衡量装备产品低碳性能。比较分析碳效比（CER）、碳足迹（CFP）的异同,及其在评价装备产品低碳性能上应用效果的优差,并以装备产业的典型产品为实例,使用不同技术参数评价装备产品低碳性能,为碳达峰理论探索提供数据验证实例,明确了碳效比（CER）的合理性及适用范围。     

新研电子元器件应用验证方法探讨

针对当前国内新研电子元器件在装备中上装应用困难的现状,提出以装备研制阶段为依托,联合各方资源开展应用验证的方法,明确应用验证流程,结合装备研制试验、外场试验充分暴露新研电子元器件缺陷,并建立验证成果共享机制等,为提升装备用新研电子元器件应用验证能力和水平,提高新研电子元器件的可靠性及应用验证覆盖率提供了解决办法。     

标准动态

《装备工业十二五技术标准体系建设方案》通过验收 2013年11月26日，由装备工业司组织编制的《装备工业“十二五”技术标准体系建设方案》通过工信部验收。     

Implementation of failure modes and effects analysis in detergent production companies: A case study

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is the most important method used by production companies to identify potential risks regarding occupational and health hazards and environmental hazards. This method is also useful in defining preventive actions to reduce the effects of these risks. Detergent production companies continually encounter many occupational and health hazards and environmental hazards, the management and reduction of which requires complex assessment in real‐world applications. This paper presents a framework for application of FMEA for managing and ranking identified risks in detergent production companies. A case study is presented to show the application of an FMEA to investigate the results of its application and the outcomes from the analysis. A risk priority number (RPN) is proposed for each distinct risk. The application of FMEA in the detergent production company resulted in grouping the RPN of the identified risks into four different categories. The main corrective actions, which are determined to reduce the RPNs, are presented in this paper. Improving the RPN of the main risks is observed after executing the corrective actions.     

应用可靠性维修性工程软件进行FMEA分析

通过FMEA分析可以发现可能出现的故障模式和潜在的薄弱环节，以及故障模式对安全性、战备完好性、任务成功性、维修及保障资源要求等方面的影响。本文以某系统电源分机的5VDC稳压器为例讨论如何应用S可靠性维修性工程软件进行FMEA分析。     

INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY IN THE DESIGN OF STREAM CHMNEL MODIFICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: The designs of stream channel naturalization, rehabilitation, and restoration projects are inherently fraught with uncertainty. Although a systematic approach to design can be described, the likelihood of success or failure of the design is unknown due to uncertainties within the design and implementation process. In this paper, a method for incorporating uncertainty in decision‐making during the design phase is presented that uses a decision analysis method known as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The approach is applied to a channel rehabilitation project in north‐central Pennsylvania. FMEA considers risk in terms of the likelihood of a component failure, the consequences of failure, and the level of difficulty required to detect failure. Ratings developed as part of the FMEA can provide justification for decision making in determining design components that require particular attention to prevent failure of the project and the appropriate compensating actions to be taken.     

Study of the saltwater pond at Capoterra,southern Sardinia: General characteristics

Capoterra Pond in southern Sardinia is described and analyzed with respect to its morphological, meteorological, physical and chemical characteristics, and its zoobenthic, zooplankton, and phytoplankton biocenoses. The birdlife, flora, and riparian associations of vegetation are studied in order to draw international attention to the importance of this lagoon, the precariousness of its ecosystem, the seriousness of current attempts to destabilize it, and the need to encourage the Sardinian authorities to initiate conservation measures, especially as rare birds have found their niches there.     

对加快推进我国矿山生态修复的思考

绿色矿山建设是矿业领域践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"的重要体现。本文从矿山生态修复的内涵到外延，从问题识别到任务措施，从单一治理修复目标到生态系统功能修复目标，从矿山生态修复系统到与经济社会发展系统相结合等多个方面，系统地梳理矿山生态修复的解决路径，围绕矿业绿色发展提出一系列建议。     

Managing Endangered Species Within the Use–Preservation Paradox: The Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) as a Tourism Attraction

A significant challenge to wildlife managers in tourism settings is to provide visitors with opportunities to observe rare and endangered wildlife while simultaneously protecting the target species from deleterious impacts. Nearly 100,000 people annually visit Crystal River, Florida, USA to observe and swim with the Florida manatee, an endangered species. This research aimed to investigate and describe human-manatee interactions in a tourism context, to understand the salient issues related to such interactions as identified by stakeholders, and to recommend a course of action to address multiple interests in the planning and management of human-manatee interactions. Five issues were identified by all stakeholder groups: water quality, harassment, density and crowding, education, and enforcement. Currently, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which is responsible for manatee management, does not have mechanisms in place to manage the tourism component of the manatee encounter. Although a regulatory approach can be taken, a better approach would be to create an organization of tour operators to establish "best practices" that reflect the goal of the managing agency to enhance manatee protection (and thus ensure their livelihood) and to enhance the visitor experience.     

Building a model of commitment to the natural environment to predict ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice

We examined the connection between individuals’ relationships with the natural environment and their environmental behaviors with a focus on commitment to the environment, defined as psychological attachment and long-term orientation to the natural world. Commitment is theorized to emerge from structural interdependence with the environment and to lead to pro-environmental behaviors. Close relationships research has identified three key antecedents to commitment (satisfaction, alternatives, and investments). We developed environment-specific measures of these constructs, and factor analysis verified three distinct factors. A path analysis revealed that satisfaction with the environment and investments in the environment, but not alternatives to the environment, predicted commitment to the environment. Moreover, commitment mediated the effects of satisfaction and investments on general ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice for the environment. In regression analyses, commitment predicted general ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice for the environment, even when controlling for ecological worldview, inclusion of nature in the self, connectedness to nature, and environmental identity. Individuals who are satisfied with and invested in the natural world are likely to be committed to the environment and act with the well-being of the environment in mind.     

建设生态文明的重要举措——《让不堪重负的江河休养生息》述评

让江河湖泊休养生息，就是要实行最为严格的污染物排放总量控制制度，以水环境容量确定发展方式和发展规模；就是要尊重自然规律，充分发挥水生态系统的自我修复能力，逐步改变环境恶化状况；就是要综合运用工程的、技术的、生态的方法，加大治理水环境的力度，促进水生态系统尽快步入良性循环的轨道；就是要充分运用法律、经济和必要的行政手段，既要形成严格排放、合理开发的强大压力，又要形成主动治理水环境的积极动力，用高效的办法解决长期积累的环境问题。     

Social, cultural and structural influences on household waste recycling: A case study

The household-recycling rate in the Borough of Burnley, England in 2001/2002 was only half the national average of 12%. This research employed both quantitative and qualitative surveys in order to ascertain whether householders’ attitudes to recycling were contributory factors to the generally poor recycling performance and to investigate other social, cultural and structural influences. The Borough has a large Asian–British population concentrated in two deprived wards where recycling rates are particularly low, so special attention was given to ascertaining their attitudes towards recycling.The quantitative survey comprised a postal questionnaire sent to a random sample of 360 households drawn from the electoral register. The qualitative survey consisted of group interviews with the Asian–British population at local community centres and focus groups attended by volunteers from the quantitative study.The findings suggest that householders are very willing to participate in recycling, as shown by the almost 80% claiming to recycle paper, but that local recycling services are too unreliable and inconvenient to allow them to do so comprehensively. Asian–British attitudes to recycling were found to be no different to those of the wider population, with their low participation being linked to the higher priorities imposed upon them by economic deprivation. The findings are broadly in line with those of the literature in that recycling participation tends to be higher among more affluent and older people, but lower among less affluent and younger households, probably due in part to the availability of both storage space and time, with the implication that the Borough's preponderance of terraced housing militates against a high recycling rate. Policy recommendations to local authorities include the provision of bespoke recycling services to suit the variety of residential conditions across the UK, and the provision of regular feedback to householders regarding recycling services and performance.Further research is needed to identify non-recyclers and to explore how householders’ underlying psychological, cultural and social attitudes to recycling impinge upon recycling and participation rates.     

BR-319: Brazil’s Manaus-Porto Velho Highway and the Potential Impact of Linking the Arc of Deforestation to Central Amazonia

Brazil’s BR-319 Highway linked Manaus, in the state of Amazonas, to Porto Velho, Rondônia, until it became impassable in 1988. Now it is proposed for reconstruction and paving, which would facilitate migration from the “Arc of Deforestation” in the southern part of the Amazon region to new frontiers farther north. The purpose of the highway, which is to facilitate transport to São Paulo of products from factories in the Manaus Free Trade Zone, would be better served by sending the containers by ship to the port of Santos. The lack of a land connection to Manaus currently represents a significant barrier to migration to central and northern Amazonia. Discourse regarding the highway systematically overestimates the highway’s benefits and underestimates its impacts. A variety of changes would be needed prior to paving the highway if these potential impacts are to be attenuated. These include zoning, reserve creation, and increased governance in various forms, including deforestation licensing and control programs. More fundamental changes are also needed, especially the abandonment of the long-standing tradition in Brazil of granting squatters’ rights to those who invade public land. Organizing Amazonian occupation in such a way that road construction and improvement cease to lead to explosive and uncontrolled deforestation should be a prerequisite for approval of the BR-319 and other road projects for which major impacts are expected. These projects could provide the impetus that is needed to achieve the transition away from appropriation of public land by both small squatters and by grileiros (large-scale illegal claimants). A delay in reconstructing the highway is advisable until appropriate changes can be effected.