香叶树挥发油、油脂等主要成分分析

The components of essential oil and fat in different parts of Chinese spicehush (Lindera communis) were extracted and analyzed. By comparing the essential components, it was found that the essential oil content in different parts of the tree was peel > fruit > twig> branch > leaf > kernel, and the highest content was up to 8.0 mL·kg^-1 in peel. The glaucic acid, 1H-Cycloprop [e] azulene, decahydro-1, 1, 7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1aR-(1a.α., 4a. α., 7.α., 7a.β), 7b.α.)] and caryophyllene oxide were the major components of the essential oils. The oil contents of the fruit, peel and kernel were 45.2%, 39.1% and 60.4% respectively. The main fatty acid compositions of the fruit were lauric acid (44.77%), decanoic acid (12.92%), oleic acid (10.91%), 11-oleic acid (9.84%), palmitic acid (6.91%), and linoleic acid (5.12%). The unsaturated fatty acid content in the peel is higher, and the total content of 11-oleic acid (28.06%), oleic acid (27.02%), linoleic acid (13.50%), palmitoleic acid (7.84%) is 76.42%. Lauric acid (72.07%) and decanoic acid (21.13%) were the two main fatty acid compositions in kernels, which were accounted for 93.20% of total fatty acids. After the oil was extracted, the protein was richer in kernel cake than in other samples, and the content was 41.56 g·100 g^-1. In this paper, the main oils from L. communis were analyzed, and the results could be used to lay a basis for the comprehensive utilization of L. communis.     

武夷山土壤有机碳和黑碳的分配规律研究

The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution pattern of organic carbon and black carbon in soils of Wuyi Mountains. The results indicated that the contents of organic carbon in 2000-250 μm fraction, 250-50 μm fraction and <50 μm fraction ranged from 7.16 to 78.78 g·kg^-1, 1.48 to 10.30 g·kg^-1 and 0.58 to 3.86 g·kg^-1 respectively. The contents of black carbon in corresponding fraction varied from 0.58 to 22.19 g·kg^-1, 0.11 to 3.57 g·kg^-1 and 0.07 to 0.87 g·kg^-1, which indicated that the organic carbon and black carbon were mainly presented in 2000-250 μm fraction. The regression analysis showed that there was a significant linear or logarithmic relationship between soil organic carbon and black carbon in corresponding fractions and whole soil, and the proportion of black carbon to organic carbon was 6%-35% in different soils. The data also suggested that the black carbon had a high relative content in <50 μm fraction of red soil, yellowish red and yellow soil, but in 250-50 μm fraction of meadow soil.     

不同种源蒙古栎种子表型性状与淀粉含量的变异分析

The study aims at compare and analyze the variation pattern of the phenotype characters and starch content of Quercus mongolica seed of different provenances. The length, width, length/width ratio, single kernel weight of Q. mongolica seeds from 16 natural distribution regions in China were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences among seeds from different region in seed characters. The length and width of seeds ranged from 14.76 mm to 21.08 mm and from 11.87 mm to 15.31 mm, respectively. The length/width ratio of seeds ranged from 1.21 to 1.49. The single kernel weight ranged from 0.60 g to 1.78 g and the contents of starch ranged from 4.42 g·kg^-1 to 5.48 g·kg^-1. The length of seeds has a extremely significant positive correlation with the width and weight of seed, and the width of seed had a significant positive correlation with the weight of seed. The seed width has a significant positive correlation with contents of starch. The width of seeds had a significant negative correlation with altitude, and had a positive correlation with July’s mean temperature. The weight of seed had a significant positive correlation with July's mean temperature too. The correlation of the other phenotypic character and starch content of Q. mongolica seed to geographical climate factors was not significant. According to the results of cluster analysis, sixteen Q. mongolica provenances could be divided into three groups with big fruit and high starch content, middle fruit and starch content, small fruit and low starch content, in which the provenances from Dailing of Heilongjiang Province, Benxi of Liaoning Province and Dayangshu of Inner Mongolia were the superior provenances.     

脱硫石膏改良龟裂碱土对枸杞根际土壤理化性质及根系生长的影响

In this study, the rhizosphere soil properties of Takyr Solonetzs ameliorated with FGDG, and its effect on root growth of Lycium barbarum were studied. The results indicated that with increasing applications of FGDG, the contents of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, and HCO₃^- in rhizosphere soil decreased gradually with the ratio of 51.9%, 16.7%, 42.7%, 44.7% and 28.2%, respectively, while the contents of Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2- showed an increasing trend and increased by 96.9% and 80.4% compared with those of the CK. As the content of exchangeable Na⁺ decreased with the increasing application of FGDG, the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and soil pH values decreased from 32.2% and 10.5 to 18.1% and 7.82, respectively and thus the soil physical properties improved. However, the lowest total salt content (2.91 g·kg^-1) was found in T2 (2.5 t/(667m²)), and similarly, the highest values of taproot length (44.78 cm), root surface area(179.97 cm²) and root dry weight (17.53 g) were also found in T2, which suggested that applications of FGDG were not always positively correlated with soil reclamation, and excessive amount of FGDG would inhibit root’s growth. Overall, application of FGDG is effective in ameliorating Takyr Solonetzs, but high amount of FGDG would result in excess salts against root growth and subsequently influence production.     

不同基质配方对金叶榆容器苗质量的影响

Through Ulmus pumila cv. 'Jinye’ container-growing seedling cultivation experiment with 4 types of media or 9 media formulas, the seedling height, the stem and crown diameter indexes of U. pumila cv. jinye were measured. These indexes were significantly or extreme significantly different among various media. The growth of seedling root system varied with different media. The rooting and root number in soft media were much better than that in dense media. According to the growth traits of above-ground and underground parts of U. pumila cv. jinye seedlings, the medium suitable for U. pumila cv. jinye seedling growth was defined as media type I, whose ratio of C/N was 17.7—18.1, the density was higher than 0.26 g·cm^-3. Grown on this medium, the height, stem diameter and crown diameter of U. pumila cv. jiny were 1.34—1.57 m, 1.36—1.50 cm and 59.6—73.9 cm, respectively. The results of experiment showed also that the physical property played an active role in cultural media, so a good initial medium could provide great assistance of fertilization and water management in seedling culture.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定毛榛中的紫杉醇含量

Established method by reverse phase HPLC and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis and hazelnut extract trace of taxol. Through the research, seven mass spectrum characteristics of taxol compounds were contested, and the taxanes database was initially established. It was found that the paciltaxel contents were 23.65 μg·mL^-1 and 4.09 μg·mL^-1 in leaves and stems respectively. The paciltaxel contents in different parts of hazelnut was slightly different, which were 0.61, 0.23 and 0.35 μg·mL^-1 in hazel branch, leaf and leather. With these data it can quickly identify the known paclitaxel compounds in hazelnut extract, and can perform the unknown structure analysis to certain degrees. This analysis method is confirmed sensitive, reliable and fast.     

转多基因库安托杨非靶目标材性性状分析

In this study, the transgenic poplar (Populus × euramericana‘Guariento’) harboring five exogenous genes (SacB, Vgb, BtCry3A, OC-I and JERF36^#) and the control plants were selected, comparing the wood property variation of 5-year-old trees, and trying to understand whether the transgenic of exogenous genes produce unintended effects. The results showed that the transgenic of exogenous genes caused a wide range of variation in non-target wood properties, the variations were found not only between transgenic and wild-type lines, but also among transgenic lines. Compared with the control, the transgenic lines, the contents of holocellulose and cellulose increased, the total lignin and acid soluble lignin decreased, the fiber length, the fiber width, the microfibril angle and the acid insoluble lignin varied uncertainly. It is concluded that the introduced exogenous gene could generate unintended effects on corresponding non-target target traits.     

喷施营养液和NaHSO3对'蓝星'高山桧扦插生根的影响

In this study, we investigated the optimal concentration of nutrient-mist and NaHSO₃ for cutting propagation of Juniperus squamata 'Blue Star' , as well as the variation in the contents of chlorophyll in leaves, and solubility carbohydrate,soluble protein and other nutrition in leaves and bases of cuttings during rooting. Cuttings of grade Ⅲ (the lenghth of cutting bases lignified from 0.1 to 0.2 cm) was treated by 1/4MS+NaHSO₃(200 mg·L^-1),and the rooting rate rose 35% and root qualities were improved compared with control experiment, for there were different effects among three grade cuttings. The treatment of grade Ⅲ cuttings also resulted in higher content of soluble sugar and starch of those bases during rooting, especially obviously different for fifteen days, but less effect on the chlorophyll and some nutrition content of cutting leaves.     

不同品种油茶嫁接苗根系生长动态研究

The growth dynamics of root system and aboveground of the grafted seedlings of different Camellia oleifera cultivars are studied by skeleton method and root scanning. The results of 8-months’ observation on grafted seedlings of 5 C. oleifera cultivars showed that: the growth of aerial parts and root of the C. oleifera seedlings were not entirely in sync, during the time of low temperature from November to February, the root system still in sustained growth though the aerial parts of the 5 cultivars grew slowly. Remarkable differences were existed in root length, root surface area, root volume, root biomass and other indicators after 11-months’ growth. The mean value of total length of root-system was up to 243.3 cm and 143.4 cm for the minimum, the mean value of total root surface area was up to 50.2 cm² and 31.7 cm² for the minimum, the mean value of root volume of the C. oleifera seedlings was up to 0.843 cm³ and 0.578 cm³ for the minimum which lived 11 months after grafting. All the root length, root surface area, root volume of the 5 cultivars have remarkable differences.     

油茶SRAP-PCR反应体系的优化

Camellia oleifera is one of the important oil tree species in south China, and C. oleifera industry is quickly developed with the support of the national policies in recent years. The disorder of C. oleifera varieties is one of the key issues restricting the development of C. oleifera industry. Because of high polymorphism, good repeatability, less use of DNA and so on, SRAP as a new marker was used in identification of cultivars, analysis of genetic resources and genetic diversity in recent years. In this paper, the orthogonal design was used to optimize SRAP-PCR system for C. oleifera by 5 factors (Mg²⁺, dNTPs, primer, Taq polymerase, DNA template) and 4 levels, respectively. The data were analyzed by software SPSS V13.0. A suitable SRAP-PCR system (20 μL) was established as: 75 ng DNA template, 1.5 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺, 0.15 mmol·L^-1 dNTPs, 1U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.4 μmol·L^-1 primer, 1×PCR buffer. The result of optimal SRAP-PCR system will provide a foundation for the identification of C. oleifera cultivars.     

杜鹃叶山茶Camellia azalea 与红山茶组10 个物种间的杂交亲和性研究

采用常规育种的方法,以杜鹃叶山茶Camellia azalea和山茶属红山茶组10个原生物种作为杂交育种亲本,设计20个杂交组合,研究其种间杂交亲和性。结果显示,杜鹃叶山茶与红山茶组原生种间反交时的杂交亲和性和育种效率要显著于正交组合。与杜鹃叶山茶进行杂交的亲和性,最好的是多齿红山茶C. polyodonta、南山茶C. semiserrata和浙江红山茶C. chekiangoleosa,其次是尖萼红山茶C. edithae、长毛红山茶C. villosa、滇山茶C. reticulata和全缘红山茶C. subintegra,较差的是厚叶红山茶C. crassissima和怒江红山茶C. saluenensis,最差的是毛蕊红山茶C. mairei。     

红花油茶营养成分分析及评价

为了全面了解我国主栽红花油茶品种的品质特点与加工特性,选择目前已规模化种植且种植面积较大的浙江红花油茶、腾冲红花油茶和广宁红花油茶的果实为原料,对其果皮、籽壳、种仁中的粗脂肪、还原糖、可溶性总糖、黄酮、多酚等营养成分进行了测定和方差分析、相关性分析与主成分分析。测定结果表明:其油脂主要集中分布于种仁中,浙江红花、腾冲红花、广宁红花油茶种仁中的脂肪含量分别为68.53%、58.58%、60.96%;可溶性总糖含量在15%~24%之间,且在油茶果各组成部分中的分布相对均较均匀;黄酮在果皮和籽壳中的含量均较丰富。3种红花油茶种仁中各种营养成分之间的相关性分析结果表明:其脂肪含量与可溶性总糖含量间均呈显著负相关,而与多酚、黄酮含量之间均呈不显著正相关;浙江红花油茶种仁中的脂肪含量与还原糖含量之间呈显著正相关,广宁红花油茶种仁中的脂肪含量与还原糖含量之间则呈不显著负相关。主成分分析结果表明:浙江红花、腾冲红花和广宁红花油茶种仁营养成分的综合评分分别为18.05、13.24和15.05,这一结果说明,浙江红花油茶种仁的营养价值较好。     

油茶林果实成熟期养分分配特征

以常宁市10年生油茶作为试材,对油茶养分分配规律、油茶林土壤养分与树体各器官营养元素含量的相关性进行研究,旨在为油茶营养诊断以及配方施肥提供科学依据。结果表明:油茶各器官中,大量元素含量由高到低排序依次为N、Ca、K、Mg、P,微量元素含量由高到低排序依次为Mn、Fe、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd;土壤大量元素含量由高到低排序依次为Ca、N、K、P、Mg,微量元素含量由高到低排序依次为Fe、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cd。土壤养分含量与油茶各器官养分指标具有不同程度的相关性,与油茶干的养分含量相关性最为紧密;土壤N、Zn、Mn、Pb、K含量与油茶植株养分元素含量的关系最为紧密;土壤Mn与油茶各器官Mn元素含量均呈现正相关;土壤N与油茶干中N含量呈现极显著相关;土壤Cd元素含量和油茶各器官中Cd元素含量多存在负相关性。     

油茶叶不同发育阶段营养元素含量的变化规律

为了解油茶叶（Camellia oleifera）不同发育阶段营养元素含量的变化规律,采集不同发育阶段的油茶叶并测定其营养元素含量,结果表明：油茶叶不同发育阶段均表现出氮最高,其次是钾元素,铜的含量最低;随着油茶叶生长,氮、磷、钾和铜元素含量大致呈先升后降的变化趋势,钙、铁、锰和硼则相反,锌则逐渐降低,而镁差异不大;油茶叶不同发育阶段营养元素总含量为23．39-53．53g／kg,前4个发育阶段油茶叶营养元素总含量差别不大,但到成熟期急剧下降;建议油茶营养调控中要注重各营养元素的含量和比例,特别是后期要注重钙、铁、锰和硼等元素的施用。     

硒处理对泰山四叶参矿质元素及氨基酸含量的影响

采用盆栽试验研究硒处理对泰山四叶参矿质元素及氨基酸含量的影响,以期提高泰山四叶参营养品质。结果表明,硒处理降低泰山四叶参根干物质积累,硒处理浓度越高,干物质积累量越低。不同施硒处理后,泰山四叶参Mg含量明显提高,降低Ca、Fe、Mn含量,Zn、Se含量随施硒浓度的增大呈降一升一降的变化趋势且均于1．0mg／kg＋t处理时达到最大值。硒处理改善泰山四叶参所含人体必需氨基酸的含量,丙氨酸、异亮氨酸明显增加,以1．0mg／kg＋处理含量最高。1．0mg／kg十±处理有利于提高泰山四叶参保健价值。     

Seasonal variation of microelement contents in leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyclocarea paliurus</Emphasis> among the provenances

Cyclocarya paliurus as a multiple function plant can accumulate biologically important microelement elements.To reveal the variation of selected microelement concentrations in leaves of C.paliurus provenances during the growing season,12 C.paliurus provenances in the field trial were sampled five times at approximately 1-month intervals.The method of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES) was employed to determinate average concentrations of Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu and Se in leaves of 12 C.paliurus provenances.The results show that on average,the concentrations of five microelement in the leaves follows an order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Se.Variance analysis shows that there are significant differences in Fe,Mn and Zn concentrations among the twelve provenances(p<0.05),while there is no significant difference between Cu and Se concentrations.A significant difference was also observed in the concentrations of five microelements at the different sampling times(p<0.001),but the mean concentrations for each microelement showed different temporal dynamic patterns.Meanwhile,a significant correlation between concentrations of Se and other measured microelements was detected in the leaves of C.paliurus,except for Mn.Obtained results not only demonstrated that leaves of C.paliurus exhibited higher levels of microelements(Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and Se),but also provided a basis for breeding strategies of superior provenances with rich content of microelements,and choosing optimum harvesting time for food industry in future.     

Seasonal variation of selected trace elements in rare endemic species Thuriferous Juniper growing in the Aurès Mountains of Algeria

We used energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence(EDXRF) to determine the seasonal variation of selected trace elements(Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se and Fe) and some potential toxic elements(Cd, Pb and Br) in Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana Maire(Cupressaceae) a rare medicinal tree, growing indigenously in Aure`s Mountains of Algeria. The precision of the results was assessed by analyzing the certified reference material IPE44(WEPAL)grass leaves. Results showed J. thurifera was characterized by high Cr and Mn contents. During autumn and winter mineral concentrations were higher in general. The levels of Cr, Se and Mn were higher during autumn and winter than during spring and summer. Zn contents were higher during summer than in other seasons. Cu content did not vary by season. The potential toxic elements in J. thurifera(Pb [ Cd [ Br) were below the permissible limits recommended by the Joint WHO/FAO guidelines except for Pb in autumn and winter.     

4个蓝莓品种果实发育期叶片矿质营养动态及其相关性

【目的】了解不同品种蓝莓树体对矿质元素的吸收规律及差异,并为细化蓝莓施肥管理措施提供参考。【方法】以兔眼蓝莓品种‘巨蓝’和‘灿烂’及南高丛蓝莓品种‘薄雾’和‘奥尼尔’为试材,果实发育期间定期采取果实附近的叶片,应用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测定并分析了叶片大量矿质元素磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)及微量矿质元素铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、硼(B)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)含量动态及其相关性。【结果】4月22日—7月21日,4个品种叶片K和Cu含量整体呈下降趋势,Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn和B含量整体呈上升趋势,但‘巨蓝’的Ca、Fe、Mn含量在7月21日未出现上升;‘灿烂’‘薄雾’和‘奥尼尔’P含量均在7月21日出现明显回升,而‘巨蓝’P含量持续下降;Zn含量除‘薄雾’变幅较小外,其他3个品种Zn含量呈现"下降—回升"的变化趋势。相关性分析结果表明,K含量与B含量间呈显著负相关,而Ca含量与P、Mg、Fe、Mn、B含量间,P含量与Mg含量间,Mg含量与Fe、Zn、B、Mn含量间,Fe含量与Mn、B含量间,以及Mn含量与B含量间均呈显著正相关。【结论】除‘巨蓝’Mg含量相对不足外,4个品种叶片各元素含量均较充足。结合土壤理化性质可知,施肥时应注意增施有机肥,‘巨蓝’品种还应增施Mg肥。     

槐叶萍生物体微量元素含量特征研究

为了解京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素的含量特征,运用非色散原子荧光光度计和火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了槐叶萍生物体不同部位中微量元素的含量。结果显示:Fe、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cu、Se 6种微量元素在槐叶萍花芽、叶、根与茎中含量差异极显著(P≤0.01),其中槐叶萍中微量元素Fe含量最高,Se的含量最低;与同科植物体比较,京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素Fe、Mn含量处于中等水平,Zn、Cu含量处于下游水平。     

文冠人工种群叶片成分分析

为了探析不同植株类型和不同染病程度的文冠果叶片成分差异,于2012年8月采集其叶片测定了12种成分（干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素C、有机酸和6种微量元素）。结果表明,文冠果叶片干物质含量38.80%,干物质中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较高,分别为17.56%和9.81%;6种微量元素中钙含量最高（达2.218%）,其次为镁（0.507%）,其它4种含量均小于0.04%。不同植株类型（毛枝型和光枝型）上的叶片间成分无显著差异。不同病虫害危害程度除对叶片铁含量有显著影响以外,对其他成分含量并无显著影响。叶片12种成分在文冠果群体中变异程度不一且差异较大,其中钙变异最大,其次是维生素C,次之是铁和有机酸,锌变异最小最稳定。