趋肤效应和磁场对电加工特性影响研究

电火花腐蚀的微观过程是电磁力、热动力以及流体动力等综合作用的过程。电火花加工中电流在电极和工件中流动时存在趋肤效应,流经电极端面和工件表面的电流在放电通道还会产生电磁场,同时放电时两极间电压在放电通道形成电场;因此运动粒子在通道中运动会在电场和磁场作用下发生改变,进而影响最终电加工特性。通过理论分析并进行相应的计算确定放电时通道内的电磁场,来分析该电磁场对形成放电通道的等离子体运动轨迹的影响,进而来研究放电加工时放电通道内的电磁场对加工机理的影响,并通过实验验证计算模型,实验结果和计算模型非常接近。     

线切割加工连续脉冲放电电极丝三维振动分析

在线切割加工过程中,由于放电通道内电极丝受到张紧力、放电合力、流体阻尼等作用,电极丝必然会产生挠曲变形和振动现象,严重影响线切割加工的效率、精度和稳定性,主要体现在工件加工精度、表面粗糙和切口宽度。从分析放电通道内的电极丝受力情况出发,将放电合力进行傅里叶变换,结合弦振动非线性偏微分方程,建立三维多脉冲放电的电极丝振动模型,运用COMSOL仿真软件,求解电极丝振动振幅数值解。在此基础上,分析各个因素对电极丝振动的影响规律,已获得减少电极丝振动振幅的实践加工方法,为实际加工过程提供理论指导依据。     

电火花线切割加工中电极丝所受电磁力分析

在电火花线切割加工过程中,电极丝沿着导轮上下运转,同时电极丝受到多种力的作用,例如放电爆炸力、电场力、电磁力、水流冲击力等,其中所受的电磁力对加工效果(效率和精度)有着重要的影响。因此,从机理上分析了加工不同工件时电极丝周围的磁通密度分布,采用多物理耦合建模方法,应用泊松方程,再根据电极丝的实际加工情况,建立二维稳态的电磁场模型,并分析电磁力对电极丝的作用。在不同的放电电流和放电间隙条件下,仿真得到磁场强度分布和电极丝所受电磁力。本研究可以为电火花线切割加工过程中的电极丝张力和拐角误差控制提供一定的理论依据。     

立式回转电火花线切割加工电极磨损理论分析

线切割中电极丝的挠曲和断丝问题一直是影响加工精度和加工效率的主要问题,传统的线切割加工电极丝仅仅沿轴线方向快速或者慢速移动,这种磨损是一种不对称的单边磨损.而立式回转丝线切割加工技术,电极丝在轴向往复移动的同时,又在上、下导丝轮的同步带动下绕自身轴线旋转,电极丝整个圆周表面均会发生放电而均匀磨损.文中在理论上对比分析了圆周均匀磨损和单边磨损后电极丝的横截面抗弯惯性矩.结果表明,圆周均匀磨损后的截面抗弯惯性矩大于单边磨损后截面在磨损方向的抗弯惯性矩.因此,立式回转线切割可以提高电极丝的抗弯强度,降低电极丝振动,从而降低断丝现象的发生.     

电火花线切割加工断丝原因分析

高速电火花线切割加工中经常会发生断丝现象,断丝不仅会因为穿丝而降低加工效率,还会因为重复切割导致加工精度下降。文中从断丝的根本原因入手,全面分析了加工中各种因素对断丝的影响,指出影响断丝的主要因素是电极丝的直径、电极丝的磨损、电极丝的张紧力、工作液的介电性能和化学性能、机床的导丝结构以及加工参数。     

电火花线切割加工中线电极的动态特性仿真与实验研究

研究慢走丝电火花线切割加工中电极振动对加工状态的过程的影响。应用计算机仿真技术,分析连续放电力作用下线的振动模态以及对放电点转移和分布的作用。结果表明,加工工艺参数明显影响放电点的转移与分布,适当地选择工艺参数可获得最佳的放电分布率。该研究对提高慢走丝加工稳定性,防止断丝的发生提供了相应理论依据。     

基于高速摄像系统的电极丝动态特性实验

针对柔软的电极丝在充满工作液的微细切缝中快速移动加工,很难用常规的实验仪器验证理论模型分析得出的电板丝动态特性结果问题。文中提出了将高速摄像应用到电极丝动态特性实验研究的方法。首先,通过电极丝状态方程的Jacobian矩阵对其固有频率进行理论分析。然后,建立基于高速摄像机的电极丝动态特性实验系统,并提出基于HALCON软件的电极丝图像处理算法。最后,根据三组不同工况,分别进行了电极丝动态特性实验,实验研究结果表明:理论分析得出电极丝频率结果与实验检测结果基本一致;并且在脉冲电源不放电情况下,电极丝向工件加工边偏移振动;工作液可以有效抑制电极丝振动,但对低频振动抑制不显著;同时,电极丝换向移动对其动态特性影响很大。     

线切割机床加工中磁场对加工通道的影响

当工件与电极丝之间的距离小于脉冲电源的放电距离时(一般为n个μm)脉冲电源使介质击穿,形成放电通道。磁场对放电通道是有影响的,在放电中磁场能起到压缩放电通道的作用,使放电通道变细且使能量集中。本文主要论述线切割机床加工中,磁场对放电通道的影响和利用磁场来分散放电点的可能性。     

半导体硅电极多通道放电机理研究

为了实现电火花加工同一时刻形成多个放电通道蚀除工件,克服现有放电加工理论中同一时刻仅有一个放电通道蚀除工件的限制,提出了采用半导体材料作为电极进行放电加工的新方法。首先,通过试验证明以半导体硅为电极加工金属可以形成多通道放电;其次,建立了半导体电极单通道放电等效电路模型,发现半导体电极在放电加工时不是一个等势体,并进行了电势差分布试验,验证了多通道放电形成的原因是远离放电点处的电势较高,可以同时形成击穿产生放电;最后,进行了半导体硅电极单脉冲放电试验及成型加工试验。试验结果显示,半导体硅电极通过1次脉冲放电同时形成多个放电通道,有效地分散放电能量,相较于金属电极,每个放电坑的直径和深度都显著减小。在相同放电参数下,对比钢电极,用硅电极进行电火花加工的表面粗糙度值下降71.7%。     

电火花线切割温度场有限元分析及参数验证

建立了电火花线切割脉冲放电模型,利用有限元法分析了单脉冲放电的温度场分布。计算出该条件下工件及电极丝放电凹坑几何特征,与实际切割条件下的表面粗糙度、电极相对损耗比、切割速度等工艺指标进行了对比,并根据电火花线切割的加工特点进行了修正,研究了电火花线切割的蚀除规律。结果表明:模拟的单脉冲放电凹坑几何特征经修正后可以近似表征实际连续切割时的表面粗糙度;实际切割中放电点在电极丝上的通道转移是导致电极丝相对损耗较低的主要原因;考虑到实际切割相关因素,对理论切割速度进行修正后,其值与实际值是吻合的。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.