议工程建设中的信息不对称

介绍了信息不对称理论，构建了工程建设的信息模型，重点介绍了工程建设中业主与承包商信息不对称现象，并从信号传递、信息甄别和激励机制出发，以解决信息不对称导致的逆向选择和道德风险。     

信息不对称理论在商品房买卖中的应用

针对商品房销售过程中开发商和购房者之间的信息不对称现象,利用信息不对称理论进行分析,构建了商品房买卖的信息模型,提出了解决信息不对称问题的对策,以确保房地产市场的有效运行。     

信息不对称与工程项目建设

介绍了信息不对称的相关理论,并分析了工程项目建设过程中业主与承包商之间的信息不对称现象,提出在工程实际中通过信息甄别、信号传递和激励机制等手段以消除由于信息不对称导致的逆向选择和道德风险,具有一定的理论价值和实际操作意义.     

信息透明度、环境不确定性与费用粘性

成本决策与企业所处的外部环境息息相关,微观层面环境不确定性直接关乎企业的生存与发展。文章以2007—2017年我国A股上市公司为研究对象,基于信息不对称及契约理论,系统研究了环境不确定性对费用粘性的影响以及信息透明度对上述关系的调节作用。研究表明:环境不确定性加大了企业内部和外部的信息不对称,提升了费用粘性水平。而较好的信息透明度可以优化信息环境,缓解环境不确定性对费用粘性的影响。上述结论在帮助厘清费用粘性的形成过程与内在机理的同时,也为提升企业成本管理决策水平,尤其是在不确定性环境采取积极有效的成本监管举措,提供了一定的参考和借鉴。     

商业银行小微金融批发模式下运用IPC的风险约束

商业银行小微金融的批发模式是为了降低获客成本与操作成本,但小微企业融资的信息不对称所带来的高风险问题一直无法有效解决。通过对小微企业融资中资金供需双方之间信息不对称进行分析,参考生态系统信息传递机理,对银行小微金融批发模式下的IPC运用进行系统分析,以期从信息系统的角度,在参与主体、传递对象和传递有效性等方面,有效解决银行小微金融因信息不对称所带来的高风险问题以及所引致的"融资难"等问题。     

房地产诚信的博弈分析

新古典经济学市场机制"看不见的手"无所不能,它们假定市场信息在不同的主体之间是对称分布的,而且人们可以零成本获取任何他们所需要的信息.但是,现实是市场中的参与人之间的信息往往是不对称分布,并且信息传递中常常存在失真、延滞等现象,随着经济和社会发展带来的专业化分工,造成了信息不对称进一步加深.而由于信息不对称,再加上市场主体的机会主义行为,这样就必然会产生诚信问题.     

信息不对称条件下建筑市场信用风险的分析与防范

从信息经济学的角度看，信息不对称所诱发的机会主义行为，是导致建筑市场信用风险的主要原因。所谓信息不对称，是指市场交易中参与交易的一方比另一方拥有更多的信息，处于信息优势地位，从而产生欺骗的动机。信息的不对称性可从两个角度进行划分：一是不对称信息发生的时间，二是不对称信息的内容。从不对称信息发生的时间看，不对称性可能发生在当事人签约之前或之后，     

信息不对称下工程监理激励与监控分析

信息不对称情况下,业主在工程监理过程中承担着监理方带来的道德风险。因而文中分析了监理委托中信息不对称造成的利益冲突,通过数学模型探讨了将激励和监控机制纳入到工程监理委托合同设计中,如何设计和改进监理委托合同中的监理报酬的设计。     

企业社会责任内部驱动有效性研究——信息不对称的中介效应

本文以我国A股上市公司为研究对象,通过探讨企业社会责任报告与股权资本成本的关系及其作用路径,探索企业社会责任内部驱动的有效性。在以往研究的基础上,运用我国上市企业2011年-2016年的数据,从披露行为和披露质量两个层次,实证检验社会责任报告对股权资本成本的影响。通过"企业社会责任——信息不对称——股权资本成本"这一路径,分析企业内部驱动的作用机理。结果表明:社会责任报告披露行为有助于降低企业的股权资本成本,且披露质量对股权资本也具有显著影响,企业社会责任内部驱动有效;信息不对称在社会责任报告披露行为对股权资本成本影响的过程中具有部分中介效应。研究结论为通过企业内在的经济驱动力促进我国企业积极履行社会责任提供了新的证据。     

建筑节能服务公司的信息传递博弈模型

基于信息经济学理论,分析了信息不对称所导致的建筑节能服务市场的逆向选择问题,以及逆向选择对建筑节能服务市场培育带来的负面影响。为解决不对称信息条件下节能服务市场运行的低效问题,运用信息成本理论建立了建筑节能服务公司的信息传递博弈模型,该模型对于加强节能服务市场的管理具有重要指导意义。     

Computerized reference sources in the construction industry

The 1980s have been described as the beginning of the information age, and justly so. Advances in microprocessor design, information storage systems and telecommunications have all combined to make access to accurate and up to date information a prerequisite for any successful business or research project. No longer is it necessary to laboriously scan printed abstracts, seeking out information via a limited indexof keywords, when today's communication networks allow an almost instantaneous access with a user-defined mix of search parameters. Correspondingly, this shift towards computer-based search procedures has resulted in many of the traditional scientific, business and professional abstracting services, that the construction industry has relied upon in the past, offering these bibliographic databases via commercial information retrieval systems. This paper reviews the range of information services that are currently available; discusses how they work and what equipment is required; examines the typical search features; comments on the estimated cost of using on-line search methods; and, finally, describes a typical on-line search session.     

A Customized Particle Swarm Method to Solve Highway Alignment Optimization Problem

Abstract: Optimizing highway alignment requires a versatile set of cost functions and an efficient search method to achieve the best design. Because of numerous highway design considerations, this issue is classified as a constrained problem. Moreover, because of the infinite number of possible solutions for the problem and the continuous search space, highway alignment optimization is a complex problem. In this study, a customized particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to search for a near‐optimal highway alignment, which is a compound of several tangents, consisting of circular (for horizontal design) and parabolic (for vertical alignment) curves. The selected highway alignment should meet the constraints of highway design while minimizing total cost as the objective function. The model uses geographical information system (GIS) maps as an efficient and fast way to calculate right‐of‐way costs, earthwork costs, and any other spatial information and constraints that should be implemented in the design process. The efficiency of the algorithm was verified through a case study using an artificial map as the study region. Finally, we applied the algorithm to a real‐world example and the results were compared with the alignment found by traditional methods.     

Applying building information modeling to integrate schedule and cost for establishing construction progress curves

A cost-based progress curve (called S-curve) is often used to control construction project schedules. To establish a progress curve, the costs that are associated with each scheduling activity must be determined. However, the distributions of the quantities (costs) of cost items among various activities are time-consuming to obtain and error-prone, yielding an unreliable S-curve. This work proposes the use of three-dimensional building information model (BIM) objects to integrate schedule and cost by using the powerful BIM for data acquisition and storage. BIM objects are incorporated into a proposed four-step model to establish construction progress curves. The proposed model defines search criteria (cost item, object, floor, and zone) that precisely identify takeoff objects for extracting the quantities of cost items associated with each activity. The BIM uses keynote, assembly code, and family type catalog functions to provide pop-up menus for the efficient identification of cost items that are associated with each object to preventing errors in the manual typing of cost-item names. Finally, this work demonstrates that uploading the cost items and unit prices into cost estimation software in advance is critical to automating cost estimations in BIM.     

地震作用下不对称高层建筑平移-扭转耦联振动的控制研究

本文分析了不对称高层建筑平移—扭转耦连振动的动力特性及其地震作用下的动力反应，根据结构控制的基本理论提出了不对称高层建筑LTTMD控制的计算理论及计算方法，编制了相应的计算机程序。并用实例分析了一个20层不对称高层建筑；其结果表明，施加LTTMD控制机构后，结构的水平及扭转地震反应均显著降低。     

基于BIM 的全寿命周期造价管理信息系统架构研究

在我国全寿命周期造价管理将成为今后造价管理的主流,但目前的造价信息系统多针对全过程造价管理模式,难以满足全寿命周期造价管理要求,因此建立针对全寿命周期造价管理信息系统。一是在全寿命周期造价管理的思想、理论、方法基础上,分析该信息系统的应有特征及功能,结合系统实现所需要的技术支撑,建立以BIM 为技术核心,以C/S+B/S 为网络架构的造价管理信息系统,给出了系统中各模块的具体实现功能,以及信息系统在全寿命周期各阶段的集成运作。     

Optimization of building thermal design and control by multi-criterion genetic algorithm

The design of buildings is a multi-criterion optimization problem, there always being a trade-off to be made between capital expenditure, operating cost, and occupant thermal comfort. This paper investigates the application of a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) search method in the identification of the optimum pay-off characteristic between the energy cost of a building and the the occupant thermal discomfort. Results are presented for the pay-off characteristics between energy cost and zone thermal comfort, for three design days and three building weights. Inspection of the solutions indicates that the MOGA is able to find the optimum pay-off characteristic between the daily energy cost and zone thermal comfort. It can be concluded that multi-criterion genetic algorithm search methods offer great potential for the identification of the pay-off between the elements of building thermal design, and as such can help inform the building design process.     

Studying ‘cost as information’ to account for construction improvements

Contractors throughout the construction supply chain develop and use cost information. By treating ‘cost as information’, insights are generated into how cost information is created and flows from work carried out to a client cost. A case study of a main contractor’s supply chain involved semi-structured interviews, workshops and document reviews. We considered whether contractors’ current costing practices used for the purpose of pricing and cost control could support decision-making about improvements through the supply chain. The results show that firms recognize that current costing practices do not provide a good representation of work carried out. Cost information that is useful in a narrative that seeks to improve site operations is either not created or hidden in layers of assumptions and lost as it does not cross the boundaries between organizations. This implies that the implementation of current practices of costing in building information modelling will not increase the effectiveness of modelling construction costs for the purpose of improvements. However, cost information that is useful in decision-making about improvements could be created. This could be achieved but requires a systemic change, where new representations of cost are tied to work processes used within more stable procurement relationships.     

共建公路工程造价信息管理系统的思考

针对公路工程造价管理的现状,提出共建公路工程造价信息管理系统,加强公路工程造价数据库的建设,实现公路工程造价信息资源共享。并对系统的总体结构和功能以及系统的实施提出思路和设想。     

IFC标准在我国建筑工程成本预算中应用的基本问题探讨

本文旨在对近年来迅速发展的BIM的主流标准IFC标准在我国建筑工程成本预算中应用的可能性及方法等基本问题进行探讨。通过对现行成本预算方法和标准以及IFC标准的分析,求证应用IFC标准带来的问题及解决方案。提出了包含7个方面信息的成本预算信息需求模型,探讨了IFC标准对所需信息的表达方法及完备性并建立了成本信息模型。结果表明,IFC标准总体上可实现对成本预算信息的表达,所建立的信息模型是具有一般性的建筑工程成本预算信息模型。     

施工项目中的物流管理与成本控制

介绍了物流管理的概念，并对物流成本和施工项目的成本做了详细的阐述分析，并就加强物流管理实现成本控制的主要措施进行了论述，最后探讨了物流管理的信息化对成本控制方面的积极作用，以降低物流成本，提高物流效率和经济效益。