共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Peter J. Thomas John F. Meech Jane Williams 《New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia》2013,19(1):17-23
Abstract It is clear that the role of the information resource is changing. Major publishers have been slow to adapt to the emergence of a global digital medium, but there are now signs that a great deal of information will be delivered on-line, (although at present only about 25 databases account for 80% of usage in UK and optical publishing is still in its early stages). However, digital publishing on the Internet — with services for libraries such as just-in-time purchasing and delivery, for example — will be a driving force in creating the ‘global digital medium’. One issue that will become increasingly relevant is how the individual user accesses rich multimedia data in the most appropriate way. The ‘digital university campus’ and the ‘digital library’ are coming to be important concepts, with the aim that users of information services will receive information on-line supported by a ‘ubiquistructure’ of information technology. For the ‘digital campus’ this means that not only scholarly but also teaching activities are based on interactive access to information, and where not only the digital library but also the digital bookshop and the digital classroom are becoming possible with the development of 140Mb/s SuperJANET links. However, it is recognised that libraries will not be truly digital for the foreseeable future, and that libraries will maintain traditional and digital media side by side. In this paper, reporting on work at the University of Bristol's Educational Technology Service multimedia resources unit MRU, and the University of the West of England's Centre for Personal Information Management (in collaboration with Hewlett-Packard Research Laboratories and the University of Bristol's Centre for Communications Research), we look the ‘digital library’ and ‘digital campus’ from the perspective of the individual user and her information needs. We are particularly interested in the use of small, mobile computers as access points to the global digital medium. We suggest that, in an environment of change — where the traditional campus and the traditional library exist alongside the digital campus and digital library — the most appropriate form of access technology is based on ‘personal technology’ which allows a linking between digital information and traditional paper-based information. 相似文献
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In the years before 1947, many, if not most, engineers had the idea that it was physically impossible for a solid to amplify electrical signals. After Bell Labs demonstrated that this idea was wrong, how would engineers and managers go about bringing the new amplifying device up to the level of usability of the vacuum tube? How would its unique characteristics be exploited? How would we convince the armed forces that this device could meet their demanding applications? Why did the early transistors lend themselves well to computing circuits and lend themselves poorly to linear amplification? What was the origin of practices such as temperature cycling and burn-in that became widespread in later years? How did Astounding Science Fiction Magazine play a role? How was information exchanged with universities and government organizations? How were project managers chosen and how did they manage? Some of the answers are found in these memoirs recalling J.A. Morton's Signal Corps project and J.H. Felker's TRADIC Phase I computer project 相似文献
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This is a personal memoir of the author's involvement from the beginnings of digital computers through the design of the Polaris missile guidance system to the Apollo Guidance Computer that put men on the Moon 相似文献
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《Annals of the History of Computing, IEEE》2001,23(3):22-42
This article relates highlights from the digital computer development activities at Bell Telephone Laboratories for roughly the period 1937-1958. The history begins with a researcher using relays to build a binary adder on his home kitchen table, continues with relay computers designed for military use, and culminates with computers developed after Bell Labs invented the transistor 相似文献
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Fast combinatorial optimization with parallel digital computers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents an algorithm which realizes fast search for the solutions of combinatorial optimization problems with parallel digital computers. With the standard weight matrices designed for combinatorial optimization, many iterations are required before convergence to a quasioptimal solution even when many digital processors can be used in parallel. By removing the components of the eigenvectors with eminent negative eigenvalues of the weight matrix, the proposed algorithm avoids oscillation and realizes energy reduction under synchronous discrete dynamics, which enables parallel digital computers to obtain quasi-optimal solutions with much less time than the conventional algorithm. 相似文献
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Two new techniques for improving accuracy in digital stochastic computing systems are presented. Simple circuits based on a theory of negative correlation are shown to provide significant error reduction. The fundamental problem of drift in digital stochastic computing circuits is considered and a design technique is developed for the synthesis of stochastic integrators with reduced drift characteristics. 相似文献
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B.J. Devereux 《Computers & Geosciences》1985,11(6):713-724
The construction of digital terrain models on small computers has been expensive in terms of computation time especially in the context of local and hybrid interpolation procedures. This problem arises because a set of sampled height observations must be searched repeatedly for every height estimated in the terrain model. An algorithm is described which enables relatively rapid construction of digital terrain representations by local methods and hence enables effective surface mapping even on low-cost microcomputer configurations. 相似文献
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Safety-critical, real-time applications make use of fault-tolerant digital control systems to achieve their performance goals. Even though these digital control systems are fault-tolerant, they are susceptible to errors induced by common-mode faults, since these errors cannot be masked by standard redundancy provisions. Such errors can be handled by special error correction mechanisms, which could require stopping the control law computations while the errors are removed. Thus, the effect of these special error recovery mechanisms on digital control systems needs to be understood. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the effect of three error recovery mechanisms–rollback, reset and cold restart–on the stability of digital closed-loop control systems. The effect of the faults, detected and handled by these error recovery mechanisms, on the digital control system is modelled by a set of interference maps. It is assumed that the arrival and departure of common-mode faults can be represented by a Markov process. The overall system behaviour is then described by a Markov jump linear model, whose stability is explored using standard techniques from the literature. The result of this analysis is a new metric, the minimum average interarrival spacing (MAIS), which is useful for comparing the performance of different error recovery mechanisms and for designing new fault-tolerant controllers. The theoretical results are illustrated via Monte Carlo simulations that show the effects of common-mode faults on the closed-loop stability of the longitudinal dynamics of an AFTI/F-16 aircraft. 相似文献
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This paper looks at the ICT (information and communication technology) curriculum in New Zealand secondary schools and gendered participation patterns in different specialist ICT subjects. New Zealand has a permissive ICT curriculum, comprising a variety of subjects and characterised by choice and variation in the curriculum in practice at the local level. The data that are reported include results of (i) a national questionnaire survey of secondary schools, and (ii) a qualitative case study conducted in a large, co-educational New Zealand secondary school and involving classroom observations and interviews with teachers and students. It is suggested that the permissiveness of the curriculum, which ostensibly caters for the needs of students by providing choices, may, in some circumstances, effectively reinforce gender stereotypes relating to computer interests and practices. This is a paradox of choice. Questions are raised about the nature of the ICT curriculum in New Zealand and how it may contribute to or challenge gender stereotypes, future curriculum developments and, more broadly, how we can account for persistent gendered participation patterns in ICT subjects in schools. 相似文献
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Much feminist work on women and computing has identified the difficulties women experience in gaining entry into and acceptance in this important and developing field. Socially constructed relations of education, training and workforce participation tend to perpetuate systems of disadvantage. Yet as the social relations of particular societies differ so the experience of women in different societies can reveal fissures in an apparently seamless terrain of reproduction. This study compares experience in Australia, Finland and Sweden and finds that there are possibilities which can be gleaned from cross-cultural research for women to break with patterns of gender segregation in computing work. 相似文献
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《Computers in human behavior》1993,9(1):83-93
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of micro-computer training on attitudes toward computers. One hundred and ninety-four undergraduate and graduate students participated; 107 took a microcomputer training course, while the remaining 87 received no computer training. Students in both conditions completed the Computer Attitude Scale (Loyd & Loyd, 1985) during the first and final weeks of a 16-week semester. Results from a series of multivariate and univariate analyses indicated that (a) students who received microcomputer training demonstrated less anxiety, more confidence, and more interest in using computers than students who received no training; (b) there were no significant gender differences in attitudes at the beginning or end of the study; and (c) attitudes toward computers improved significantly over time with computer training but did not change without training. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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G.S. Hura 《Computers & Electrical Engineering》1981,8(4):245-248
The problem of bit dimension in a control memory specification has been tackled by many authors. Based on a switching formulation, Das et al., have developed a simplified methodology which gives a minimum solution. An alternative procedure exploiting the reachability concept of Petri net (PN) is proposed here. In the proposed technique all maximal compatible classes of microoperations for a given ROM and all the irredundant solutions of CM cover table proposed by Das et al. are determined. The porposed technique is simple and requires less computational effort as only vector addition on a matrix is needed. 相似文献