改性聚丙烯腈纤维的研究进展

介绍了各类改性聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法、性能和用途。指出未来纤维行业发展的趋势是差别化,加快研发差别化新产品仍是国内腈纶企业长远发展的大计。     

聚丙烯腈纤维改性技术及其应用

综述了聚丙烯腈的改性技术及其特点。从化学、物理改性方面出发,主要论述了聚丙烯腈纤维在吸湿、抗静电、阻燃、消臭、吸附等方面的改性技术。这些改性技术赋予了聚丙烯腈纤维新的功能,使聚丙烯腈纤维在高科技和工程领域具有更广阔的应用前景。     

螯合纤维的制备——聚丙烯腈纤维改性

聚丙烯腈纤维与羟胺试剂通过化学反应,腈基转变为偕胺肟基团,使聚丙烯腈纤维改性成为对金属离子具有螯合能力的螯合纤维。系统地探讨和研究了聚丙烯腈纤维改性的实验参数:反应温度、时间、反应物浓度、酸度等。并用红外光谱对螯合纤维进行表征。     

聚丙烯腈纤维吸湿改性方法及研究现状

综述了国内外吸湿性聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维的研究现状;阐述了PAN纤维的吸湿机理及影响吸湿性的因素;详细介绍了改善PAN纤维的吸湿性的化学方法和物理方法;PAN纤维吸湿改性化学方法有通过聚合和共聚引进亲水基团、与亲水物质接枝共聚、对纤维表面进行碱减量处理、纤维表面的亲水整理、等离子体处理等;PAN纤维吸湿改性物理方法有与...     

硼酸改性对聚丙烯腈纤维预氧化的影响

通过在线监测聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维的热收缩应变和应力,研究了硼酸改性对PAN纤维预氧化的影响。试验结果表明:随着硼酸溶液浓度的增加,PAN纤维化学反应的起始和结束温度向高温方向移动,化学收缩量降低,预氧化纤维体密度逐渐降低,硼酸对PAN纤维化学反应有抑制作用;硼酸对分子内环化和分子间交联反应的抑制可有助于预氧化纤维均质化程度的提高,并可防止PAN纤维表面在较高温度下被过度氧化。     

改性聚丙烯腈纤维处理电镀废水研究

将聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维与羟胺试剂反应制备出改性PAN纤维。在20℃和动态条件下,对改性PAN纤维处理电镀废水进行了研究。结果表明,改性PAN纤维处理电镀废水效果很好:在20℃、废水体积流量3 mL/min、pH为4.0时,TOC和TN的去除率分别为70.6%和87.5%;对废水中Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+具有很好的吸附性能,其去除率分别为99.3%、98.9%、98.3%,吸附能力的大小为Cu2+>Ni2+>Zn2+。改性聚丙烯腈纤维再生利用率高,可重复利用。     

水滑石在阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维改性中的应用研究

在经十二烷基硫酸钠柱撑的水滑石层间进行丙烯腈的原位聚合反应，用红外光谱和X-射线衍射对聚合物样品进行了结构分析与表征，并对聚丙烯腈／柱撑水滑石共混物样品的燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明：丙烯腈单体在水滑石片层之间发生原位聚合反应，生成聚丙烯腈大分子，并使水滑石片层间距有一定程度的增大；共混物的极限氧指数从18．1％提高到了25．5％，同时共混物的热重曲线向高温方向发生了偏移，阻燃性能得到一定程度改善。     

无机微粒改性聚丙烯腈纤维的结构和性能

将经过表面修饰的纳米二氧化锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)悬浮液加入到预热浴中,对聚丙烯腈(PAN) 纤维进行抗静电改性。讨论了悬浮液ATO含量和添加位置对纤维抗静电性、力学性能等的影响,采用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射、透射电镜对改性纤维的结构进行了分析。结果表明:当ATO质量分数为5％以上时,改性PAN纤维的电阻率下降到108 Ω·cm,纤维的断裂强度保持2．7 cN／dtex,改性PAN纤维耐水洗性好,且不同ATO含量的改性PAN纤维的结晶形态和结晶度接近,玻璃化转变温度也没有明显的变化,维持约100℃。     

大分子抗菌剂前驱体共混改性聚丙烯腈纤维

通过水相沉淀聚合方法制备了3-烯丙基-5,5-二甲基己内酰脲/丙烯腈共聚物。将不同配比的共聚物和聚丙烯腈溶解于硫氰酸钠水溶液中配成纺丝液,采用两步法纺制了聚丙烯腈共混纤维。随共聚物含量增加,共混纤维的强度略有降低,断裂伸长率增加;而共混纤维的比电阻和热分解温度降低。仅含质量分数10％共聚物的共混纤维经氯漂后,对大肠杆菌的杀灭率可达97.5％。     

废腈纶丝的改性及应用

介绍了废腈纶丝的化学改性方法，改性后产物的处理及在某些领域的应用。     

聚丙烯腈基螯合纤维的研究进展

回顾了聚丙烯腈基螯合纤维近年的研究进展,介绍了聚丙烯腈基螯合纤维的制备方法,螯合机理以及其应用情况,并对今后聚丙烯腈基螯合纤维的发展进行了展望。认为开发具有消臭、抗菌等多功能纤维,制备纳米金属/聚丙烯腈基复合纤维,将会被更多关注,前景乐观。     

High-Performance Carbon Fibers Prepared by Continuous Stabilization and Carbonization of Electron Beam-Irradiated Textile Grade Polyacrylonitrile Fibers

The manufacturing of high-performance carbon fibers (CFs) from low-cost textile grade poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) homo- and copolymers using continuous electron beam (EB) irradiation, stabilization, and carbonization on a kilogram scale is reported. The resulting CFs have tensile strengths of up to 3.1 ± 0.6 GPa and Young's moduli of up to 212 ± 9 GPa, exceeding standard grade CFs such as Toray T300. Additionally, the Weibull strength and modulus, the microstructure, and the morphology of these CFs are determined.     

聚丙烯腈纤维在提高混凝土性能上的应用

聚丙烯腈纤维作为混凝土的一种次要加筋材料,可以明显提高混凝土的抗裂、增韧、防渗和抗冻等性能;作为沥青混凝土的增强纤维,可以大大改善沥青路面的粘结性、高温稳定性、疲劳耐久性等性能．而且使用方便、简单,在很多重要的工程中都有应用。文章从聚丙烯腈纤维的作用机理、使用方法和工程实例等方面进行了阐述。     

苎麻纤维增强聚碳酸亚丙酯复合材料的工艺与性能研究

采用苎麻纤维和聚碳酸亚丙酯制备了可降解复合材料,讨论了苎麻长度、含量对苎麻/聚碳酸亚丙酯复合材料机械性能的影响,并借助扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的冲击断口形貌进行了观察.结果表明:苎麻经碱液处理后,苎麻/聚碳酸亚丙酯复合材料的拉伸性能和冲击性能有了明显提高.     

聚丙烯腈纤维的水解及其产品应用

近几年来聚丙烯腈（PAN）水解产品在离子交换纤维、絮凝剂、高吸水性树脂、采油堵水剂、功能纤维改性等方面的应用非常广泛。介绍了PAN纤维的三种水解方法以及PAN纤维的水解和腈纶的回收利用分别在提高纤维差别化和资源再生、环境保护等方面的意义。     

Study on the acidic hydrolysis process of poly(N‐vinylformamide/acrylonitrile) fiber

A convenient method of preparing chelating fiber with amine groups on the fiber surface was developed. The precursor polymer of Poly(N‐vinylformamide/acrylonitrile) (P(NVF/AN)) was synthesized via solution polymerization, using N‐vinylforaimde as a functional monomer. The solution of P(NVF/AN) was spun through a wet spinning method and the precursor fiber was hydrolyzed in the hydrochloric acid solution to convert formamide moieties to the corresponding amine. The influence of hydrolytic conditions on hydrolysis degree, such as hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, and hydrochloric acid concentrations were examined experimentally. The hydrolysis degree of the precursor fiber was evaluated by potentiometric and conductometric titrations. The changes of the structure and properties of the fibers were characterized through infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile strength tester. The results showed that the hydrolysis degree was limited in acidic hydrolysis because of the electrostatic repulsion among the cationic amine groups and proton. The hydrolysis degree of precursor fiber reached nearly 60%, and the chelating fiber remained the adequate mechanical properties under the suitable hydrolysis condition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

The Macroporosity of Polyacrylonitrile Fibre

The closed porosity of polyacrylonitrile fibres wet-spun from dimethyl acetamide solutions was investigated in raising the spinning bath temperature from 2 to 20°C. The dependence of the porosity of the fibre on the conditions of plasticization treatment is established. The fibre treated in saturated vapor medium has higher porosity values (narrow transmission factors in chlorobenzene) than the fibre treated with a hot aqueous solution of dimethyl acetamide. The dependence of the fibre porosity on the drying and repeated washing and subsequent drying temperatures is demonstrated. The mobility of the structural elements increases and the porosity of the fibre decreases with an increase in the drying temperature.     

Copper catalysed gelation of dilute poly(acrylonitrile) solutions

Metallic copper catalysed gelation of dilute poly(acrylonitrile) solutions in dimethylformamide was discovered and studied by infra-red spectroscopy and other techniques for the first time. It was observed that some cyano groups were converted to carboxyl groups. Gelation did not lead to any increase in molecular weight. An intermolecular hydrogen bonding model is proposed to explain the behaviour of the gelated polymer. The gelation mechanism is given on the basis that metallic copper has a catalytic effect on the hydration of nitriles and that the partially neutralized acid component tightly coils the chain to cause the precipitation of poly(acrylonitrile).     

Effect of tacticity of poly(methyl methacrylate) on the miscibility with poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)

Isotactic, atactic, and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylates) (PMMAs) (designated as iPMMA, aPMMA, and sPMMA) with approximately the same molecular weight were mixed separately with poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (abbreviated as PSAN) containing 25 wt % of acrylonitrile in tetrahydrofuran to make three polymer blend systems. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the miscibility of these blends. The results showed that the tacticity of PMMA has a definite impact on its miscibility with PSAN. The aPMMA/PSAN and sPMMA/PSAN blends were found to be miscible because all the prepared films were transparent and showed composition dependent glass transition temperatures (T_gs). The glass transition temperatures of the two miscible blends were fitted well by the Fox equation, and no broadening of the glass transition regions was observed. The iPMMA/PSAN blends were found to be immiscible, because most of the cast films were translucent and had two glass transition temperatures. Through the use of a simple binary interaction model, the following comments can be drawn. The isotactic MMA segments seemed to interact differently with styrene and with acrylonitrile segments from atactic or syndiotactic MMA segments. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2894–2899, 1999