Study of ultraflattened dispersion square-lattice photonic crystal fiber with low confinement loss

A new type ultraflattened dispersion square-lattice photonic crystal fiber with two different air-hole diameters in cladding region is proposed and the dispersion is investigated using a compact 2-D finite difference frequency domain method with the anisotropic perfectly matched layers (PML) absorbing boundary conditions. Through numerical simulation and opti- mizing the geometrical parameters, we find that the photonic crystal fibers proposed can realize ultraflattened dispersion of 0±0.06 ps/(km·nm) in wa...     

Tailoring Dispersion and Confinement Losses of Photonic Crystal Fibers Using Hybrid Cladding

We present a hybrid cladding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for shaping nearly zero ultraflattened dispersion and low confinement losses in a wide range of wavelengths. The finite difference method with anisotropic perfectly matched boundary layer is used to investigate the guiding properties. It has been shown theoretically that it is possible to obtain nearly zero ultraflattened dispersion of ${hbox{0 }} pm {hbox{0.25}} ~{hbox{ps}}/{hbox{nm}}/{hbox{km}}$ in a wavelength range of 1.44 to 2.0 $ mu{hbox{m}}$ with low confinement losses less than 0.005 dB/km within the entire band of interest from a five-ring hybrid cladding PCF.      

Dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber with large effective area and low confinement loss

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) can realize a flat dispersion over a wide wavelength range that cannot be realized with a conventional single-mode fiber. However, the confinement loss tends to increase in a conventional dispersion-flattened PCF (DF-PCF) that has uniform air holes. In this paper, a novel PCF that has two cladding layers with different effective indices is proposed. The authors numerically show that the proposed PCF can achieve an ultralow dispersion variation of less than 0.8 ps/nm/spl middot/km in all telecommunication bands, with both a large effective area greater than 100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and a low confinement loss less than 0.01 dB/km.     

An efficient approach for calculating the dispersions of photonic-crystal fibers: design of the nearly zero ultra-flattened dispersion

A novel and efficient approach is proposed to calculate the dispersions of the guided modes of the photonic-crystal fibers (PCFs). Based on the vector boundary-element method (VBEM), the surface integral equations for the first and second derivatives of the propagation constants with respect to the wavelength are explicitly derived. Compared with the three-point finite-difference approach, which needs to solve and search three effective indexes near the interested wavelength, this approach can determine the dispersions of the PCFs by only solving one effective index at this wavelength based on the derived formulations. This novel approach saves over 60% computing time without losing the accuracy. Based on this approach, a novel four-ring PCF is designed by optimizing only three geometrical parameters to achieve the nearly zero ultra-flattened dispersion property. Compared with previously presented dispersion-flattened PCFs, the design procedure for the four-ring structure could be more efficient and easier because relatively lesser parameters need to be optimized.     

Proposal for Highly Nonlinear Dispersion-Flattened Octagonal Photonic Crystal Fibers

A highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (HNL-PCF) based on an octagonal structure with isosceles triangular-latticed cladding is proposed for the telecommunication window. The finite-difference method with anisotropic perfectly matched boundary layer is used to investigate the guiding properties. It is demonstrated that it is possible to design a simple HNL low-loss dispersion-flattened PCF with a nonlinear coefficient of the order 27 W^-1km^-1 at a 1.55-mum wavelength. According to simulation, ultraflattened dispersion of 0 plusmn 0.5 ps/nm/km is obtained in a 1.46- to 1.66-mum wavelength with low confinement losses less than 0.06 dB/km in the entire band of interest.     

Photonic crystal fiber with novel dispersion properties

Our recent research on designing microstruc-tured fiber with novel dispersion properties is reported in this paper. Two kinds ofphotonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are introduced first. One is the highly nonlinear PCF with broadband nearly zero flatten dispersion. With introducing the germanium-doped (Ge-doped) core into highly non-linear PCF and optimizing the diameters of the first two inner rings of air holes, a new structure of highly non-linear PCF was designed with the nonlinear coefficient up to 47 W-1·km-1 at the wavelength 1.55 μm and nearly zero flattened dispersion of ±0.5 ps/(km·nm) in telecom-munication window (1460-1625nm). Another is the highly negative PCF with a ring of fluorin-doped (F-doped) rods to form its outer ring core while pure silica rods to form its inner core. The peak dispersion - 1064 ps/(km·nm) in 8 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM) wavelength range and -365ps/(km·nm) in 20nm (FWHM) wavelength range can be reached by adjusting the structure parameters. Then, our recent research on the fabrication of PCFs is reported. Effects of draw parameters such as drawing temperature, feed speed, and furnace temperature on the geometry of the final photonic crystal fiber are investigated.     

近零平坦色散三包层光子晶体光纤的设计

为了使光子晶体光纤（PCF）在钛宝石飞秒激光器的工作波长0.80 m 和光通信窗口1.55 m 处获得宽的近零超平坦色散,使用了三包层六角空气孔环结构设计来代替普通的单包层结构。应用了改进的有效折射率法对该三包层PCF 进行了数值模拟。结果表明:三包层PCF 的色散随结构参数的微小变化而有较大的变化,因此通过对PCF 结构参数的合理调节,分别实现了在0.800.02 m 和1.550.15 m 波长范围内近零、平坦色散（色散范围0.5 ps/（kmnm）,色散斜率范围0.02 ps/（kmnm2）的结构设计。这对于光通信系统及研究飞秒激光在PCF 中的传输特性,拓展飞秒激光的研究和应用都具有重要意义。     

光子晶体光纤色散特性的研究

基于标量近似理论,使用有效折射率方法对光子晶体光纤的群速度色散特性进行了详尽研究.由于光子晶体光纤是由单一材料制成,光纤的总色散便由波导色散决定,将群速度色散分为材料色散和波导色散,在分析光纤结构参数与波导色散关系的同时还讨论了剖面色散对总色散的影响.研究表明:调节光子晶体光纤包层空气柱的节距及其有效芯径,可以实现在很宽的波长范围内的单模传输,可以设计零色散光子晶体光纤和在较宽的波长段接近零色散的色散平坦光纤,以及具有较大正常色散的色散补偿光纤,尤其在零色散光纤设计时必须考虑剖面色散的影响.     

光子晶体光纤的色散特性分析

为了探讨靠近纤芯区域的第1层、第2层和第3层空气孔的直径对光子晶体光纤色散特性的影响,采用有限元法进行了理论分析。结果表明,适当调节第1层、第2层和第3层空气孔的直径,可以使零色散点在1100nm～1800nm之间的任何位置上移动。还可以设计在1270nm～1800nm较宽的波长范围内接近零色散的色散平坦光子晶体光纤。这一结果对光子晶体光纤的设计具有重要的作用。     

An asymmetric dual-core single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber coupler

A vectorial finite element method (VFEM) is adopted to investigate the novel single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) coupler which has asymmetric dual-core and two lines of enlarged air holes. It is demonstrated that the SPSM region of the designed fiber can be more than 250 nm wide with a set of optimized air-hole parameters and the width of the SPSM region could change slightly by fine adjustment of the inner large air holes. The coupling length between the odd and even x-polarization modes is also investigated through fine-tuning the large and small air-hole diameters.     

Design and optimization of photonic crystal fibers for broad-band dispersion compensation

Design of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) for application of broad-band dispersion compensation is investigated by using an improved design model based on combination of a rigorous vector solver for modal properties and a scaling approach for dispersion characteristics. The newly designed PCF is shown to exhibit large normal dispersion up to -474.5 ps/nm/km, nearly five times of conventional dispersion compensating fibers, and compensate conventional single-mode fibers within /spl plusmn/0.05 ps/nm/km over a 236-nm wavelength range. Furthermore, the design model and methodology can be applied to design other dispersion-based devices such as dispersion flattened fibers and dispersion shifted fibers.     

新型光子晶体光纤近零平坦色散的研究

文章作者设计了一种新型的光子晶体光纤(PCF),在纤芯引入了一个小空气孔形成缺陷,并改变第一层空气孔的直径.采用平面波法研究了该PCF的色散特性,结果表明,该光纤能够得到比传统的PCF更低、更平坦的色散曲线;通过优化该光纤的结构参数,可以设计在1 350～2 010 nm波长范围内近于零的平坦色散PCF,其色散变化△D＜0.5 ps/(km·nm),在1 320～2 040 nm波长范围内色散斜率变化△D<,slope>＜0.02 ps/(km·nm<'2>).     

Numerical aperture of single-mode photonic crystal fibers

We consider the problem of radiation into free space from the end-facet of a single-mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF). We calculate the numerical aperture NA = sin /spl theta/ from the half-divergence angle /spl theta/ /spl sim/ tan/sup -1/ (/spl lambda///spl pi//spl omega/) with /spl pi//spl omega//sup 2/ being the effective area of the mode in the PCF. For the fiber first presented by Knight et al. (1996), we find a NA /spl sim/ 0.07 which compares to standard fiber technology. We also study the effect of different hole sizes and demonstrate that the PCF technology provides a large freedom for NA engineering. Comparing to experiments we find good agreement.     

Research on the stability of nearly zero flattened dispersion of photonic crystal fibers

To analyze the stability of nearly zero flattened dispersion, the dispersion deviations for three kinds of PCFs are calculated when the hole diameters deviate from their designed values. Numerical results show that around the wavelength of 1.55 μm, the dispersion deviations of both the PCF with three-fold symmetry core and the PCF with hexagonal lattice are much less than that of the PCF with different hole diameters in different rings. Therefore, the stabilities of nearly zero flattened dispersion of the first two kinds of PCFs are much better than that of the last one. Considering the confinement loss, the PCF with three-fold symmetry core is preferable to practical use.     

Synthesis of polarization-independent splitters based on highly birefringent dual-core photonic crystal fiber platforms

The objective of this letter is to introduce and numerically investigate the operation of a novel type of polarization-independent splitter based on highly birefringent dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF), which allows wavelength multiplexing at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m. The design procedure follows a rigorous synthesis algorithm based on exact equations for describing the wavelength decoupling mechanism and on full-vector finite element as well as beam propagation methods for accurate modeling of PCFs. Typical characteristics of the newly proposed PCF splitter are coupling length of 9.08 mm and available optical bandwidths defined at a level of -20 dB of 5.5 and 2 nm around 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m, respectively.     

Large anomalous dispersion at short wavelength and modal properties of a photonic crystal fiber with large air holes

We investigated the dispersion and modal properties of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with larger air holes (LAH). The theoretical and numerical results show that large anomalous group-velocity dispersion at short wavelength down to around 700 /spl sim/ 800 nm can be achieved in a LAH-PCF with small pitch. Furthermore, the high-order modes usually are excited in a LAH-PCF when the optical field is launched from a traditional single-mode fiber, and all the excited modes will interfere when they propagate along the PCF. Finally, the properties of the excited modal spectrum and the multimode interference are determined by the normalized pitch and the normalized hole size of the PCF. All of these will provide references for the smoothing applications of the LAH-PCF.     

椭圆孔光子晶体光纤的偏振特性

摘要采用正交函数算法，提出了一种新型椭圆孔光子晶体光纤的本地正交函数模型。采用两种周期性结构的叠加构造超格子，用以表征光子晶体光纤(PCF)的横向折射率分布，同时将横向电场展开为Hermite-Gaussian函数。从电磁场的波动方程出发得到关于传播常数的本征方程。进而得到光子晶体光纤的传播常数、模场分布、偏振特性等传输特性。应用此模型讨论了椭圆孔光子晶体光纤基模两个偏振模式的双折射和群速度走离特性。研究表明，椭圆孔光子晶体光纤具有较大的模式双折射和群速度走离，双折射、群速度走离与频率的依赖关系和普通保偏光纤不同。另外椭圆孔光子晶体光纤还可实现在单模区同时保持高双折射和零群速度走离，可用于研究光纤的非线性。     

Metal-Coated Defect-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Propagation

Modal solutions for metal-coated defect-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a central air-hole have been obtained by using a full-vectorial finite element method to model the guidance of THz waves. It has been shown that the surface plasmon modes can couple with the defect-core PCF mode to form supermodes, with potential for sensing applications.      

全固高非线性低色散斜率光子晶体光纤设计

提出了利用掺氟同心圆环的光纤结构来提高光子晶体光纤(PCF)的非线性,所需控制的参量仅有两个。设计了三种具有高非线性、低色散斜率和低限制损耗的全固光子晶体光纤。这三种光纤分别具有正常色散、双零色散点和零色散点恰好在1.55 μm波长处的色散曲线特性。所设计的零色散点恰好在1.55 μm波长处的光子晶体光纤色散斜率值为5.12×10-4 ps/(km·nm2),这比传统的高非线性光纤的色散斜率小了2个数量级。同时,该光纤在1.55 μm波长处的非线性系数为31.5 W-1·km-1,限制损耗为9.62×10-5 dB/km。     

光子晶体光纤的特性分析

利用有效折射率方法的标量近似理论对光子晶体光纤的模场分布和色散特性进行了理论分析和数值模拟,发现通过改变光纤包层结构能够改变模场分布和色散特性,对设计零色散波长向短波方向移动的光子晶体光纤和实现高速度宽带色散补偿具有重要的意义.