光纤Bragg光栅传感原理及增敏技术

从增敏的角度,分析了光纤Bragg光栅的传感理论,在此基础上研究了光纤Bragg光栅的温度应力增敏原理。从不同的方面阐述了温度应力增敏技术,并进一步分析了光纤Bragg光栅压力温度传感器的增敏模型,研究了光纤光栅传感器的封装增敏技术。     

全光纤热光型可变光衰减器

根据光纤包层中的倏逝场机制,将具有热光效应的聚合物材料直接覆盖在侧边抛磨光纤上,进行了全光纤热光型可变光衰减器(VOA)的研究.根据理论分析,确定了在侧边抛磨光纤的抛磨区上覆盖材料的折射率与纤芯中光衰减量之间的关系,为选择适当折射率的热光材料提供依据.设计适当的侧边抛磨区,利用先进的轮式侧边抛磨技术,制备了侧边抛磨光纤,以达到最佳可变光衰减效果.采用螺绕电极和优化封装,制作出性能优良的全光纤热光型可变光衰减器.性能测试表明,器件插入损耗小于0.1 dB,衰减范围为0~80 dB,偏振相关损耗小于0.02 dB,背向反射大于70 dB.该方法制作的全光纤热光型可变光衰减器具有可用电驱动调控、可靠性高等优点.     

High-temperature sensitivity of long-period gratings in B-Gecodoped fiber

We report an investigation of thermal properties of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) of various periods fabricated in the conventional B-Ge codoped fiber. It has been found that the temperature sensitivity of the LPFGs produced in the B-Ge fiber can be significantly enhanced as compared with the standard telecom fiber. A total of 27.5-nm spectral shift was achieved from only 10°C change in temperature for an LPFG with 240-μm period, demonstrating a first ever reported high sensitivity of 2.75 nm/°C. Such an LPFG may lead to high-efficiency and low-cost thermal/electrical tunable loss filters or sensors with extremely high-temperature resolution. The nonlinear thermal response of the supersensitive LPG was also reported and first explained     

Current status of micro- and nano-structured optical fiber sensors

Recently developed micro- and nano-structured optical fiber sensors, with particular reference to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensors and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensors are reviewed. SPR fiber sensors can have diverse structures such as D-shape, cladding-off, fiber tip or tapered fiber structures. Some of the recently developed novel structures include the use of various types of fiber gratings in SPR fiber sensors. PCF sensors cover diverse recent developments on photonic-bandgap fiber, holey fiber, hole-assisted fiber and Bragg fiber sensors. Major applications of these include gas sensors and bio-sensors. These micro- and nano-structured fiber sensors have attracted considerable research and development interest, because of their distinct advantages, which include high sensitivity, small sensor head footprint and the flexibility of the optical fibers. They are also of academic interest, and many novel ideas are continuously developed.     

长周期光纤光栅温度传感器的研究进展

长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）具有与短周期光纤光栅所不同的光谱特性。它无背向反射光谱,不对光源的稳定性产生影响。基于纤芯基模与包层模的谐振耦合原理和热光效应,LPFG温度传感器利用谐振波长的漂移变化实现对温度的测量,具有很高的灵敏度。介绍了LPFG的制作方法、LPFG温度传感器的工作原理及最新研究进展。由于具有插入损耗小、可用于遥测、精度高和抗电磁干扰能力强等优点,LPFG温度传感器将有广阔的应用前景。     

Large Deformation In-Fiber Polymer Optical Fiber Sensor

We demonstrate the measurement of the phase shift in a polymethylmethacrylate single-mode optical fiber interferometer, operating at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, up to 15.8% nominal strain in the fiber. The phase-displacement sensitivity is measured to be 1.39 x10 radldrm^-1 for this strain range. This strain range is well beyond the yield strain of the polymer fiber and that previously measured for polymer Bragg gratings and silica optical fiber sensors.     

折射率非线性调制的双重光纤光栅特性

利用耦合模理论 ,系统分析了双重光纤光栅在折射率深度调制或非线性调制情况下的光谱特性。结果发现 ,在折射率非线性调制情况下 ,双重光纤光栅具有规则的多波长反射特性 ,同时 ,其反射光谱中的二次谐波也变得非常强 ,因此 ,它是一种实现多通道波分复用器、分插复用器及多波长激光器等的潜在技术。     

光纤布拉格光栅压力增敏的实验研究

近年来光纤光栅作为压力、温度、应变等传感器已经成功地应用于光纤传感领域中。然而裸露的光纤光栅对于外界物理参量的变化灵敏度不高,因此有必要对光纤光栅进行增敏封装,以提高其对外界环境变化的灵敏度。采用两种聚合物材料均匀混合,将其对布拉格光纤光栅进行封装。在23℃情况下对封装后的光栅进行了压力实验,实验表明用两种聚合物封装后的光栅对压力有很高的灵敏性,在0～10MPa范围内压力灵敏度为-122×10-4MPa,是裸光栅压力灵敏度的62倍     

含涂覆层长周期光纤光栅温度特性研究

提出在含涂覆层的标准通信光纤中用800nm红外飞秒激光直接写入了长周期光纤光栅（LPFGs）。从理论上分析了光纤涂覆层对于纤芯基模和包层模有效折射率的影响,并进一步研究涂覆层对LPFGs温度灵敏度的影响。分别对制作的去除涂覆层和含涂覆层LPFGs的低阶包层模进行了温度特性实验。结果表明：涂覆层的存在不仅能成为LPFGs理想的保护层,更重要的是将LPFGs的温度灵敏度提高到0.1173 ,与理论分析吻合。这种含涂覆层光纤光栅若作为温度传感器,将有着良好的机械强度和温度灵敏度。     

基于光纤光栅的分布式传感器

分布式传感器是光纤光栅的重要应用方面之一。本文较全面地介绍光纤光栅分布传感器的各种结构和检测方法，分析讨论了它们的特点和性能。     

Bragg光纤光栅

详细阐述了光纤光栅的原理以及光纤光栅在光纤通信、光纤激光器、光纤放大器、光纤滤波器、光纤传感器和高速光纤通信系统中色散补偿方面的重要应用，并对线性啁啾Ｂｒａｇｇ光栅色散补偿技术进行了全面分析。     

Self-Referencing Fiber-Optic Intensity Sensors Using Ring Resonators and Fiber Bragg Gratings

An improved ring resonator self-referencing technique in a new reflection configuration for remote fiber-optic intensity sensors is demonstrated using fiber Bragg gratings. Sensor sensitivity doubles and a single fiber lead is used. The sensor is interrogated at two subcarrier frequencies having a high rejection of interference from laser source intensity fluctuations and loss in the fiber lead. We experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of the new reflection configuration, the usefulness of the theoretical model proposed, and discuss design parameters for optimum insertion losses     

采用光纤光栅的温度和应力传感技术

光纤光栅传感技术较其它光纤传感技术有其独特的优点 ,使其更具有实用性。文中介绍了光纤光栅用于温度、应力传感的机理 ,并对传感系统中波长位移检测方案进行了讨论。     

Fiber grating sensors

We review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings, intragrating sensing concepts, long period-based grating sensors, fiber grating laser-based systems, and interferometric sensor systems based on grating reflectors     

光纤光栅制作技术研究

光纤光栅在光纤通信、光纤传感及光纤光学等领域内具有重大的应用价值,近年来受到了人们的广泛关注和高度重视.文中介绍了光纤的增敏方法及常用的光纤光栅制作方法,分析了各种光纤光栅制作方法的优缺点,并通过实验成功制作了反射率达到99.96%的单模光纤光栅.     

一种低成本FBG高温传感器的研究

采用相位掩模法,利用紫外光在载氢普通掺锗单模石英光纤中制作出光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)。同时,将反射率为17dB的光栅FBG1和反射率为41dB的光栅FBG2置于30～1000℃的高温炉内进行温度特性比较实验。在30～870℃范围内FBG1和FBG2两者中心波长随温度的变化趋势一致,且两个光栅反射波长都在870℃时消失,当温度继续升高到900℃时,仅有FBG2再次出现反射率为1dB的反射峰。对经过高温处理后的FBG2再次进行30～1000℃温度测量实验,温度灵敏度为0.02nm/℃,线性度为0.999。实验结果表明,对于具有高反射率的FBG进行高温热处理后,其可以在30～1000℃的温度范围内进行传感测量,且中心波长随温度变化呈良好的线性关系。利用该方法可以制作出低成本的可用于高温环境测量的FBG温度传感器。     

双光纤Bragg 光栅用于FBG型传感器的温度补偿

理论分析了FBG型传感器的温度应变交叉敏感机制，利用温度和应变响应相同的光栅对实现了光纤Bragg光栅应力／应变传感器的温度补偿，有效的消除了交叉敏感对FBG型传感器测量精度的影响，有利于光纤Braagg光栅传感器的实用化。     

A network for large numbers of interferometric sensors and fiberBragg gratings with high resolution and extended range

We describe an active form of a frequency division matrix array network developed to support both interferometric sensors and fiber Bragg gratings to demodulate both quasistatic and periodic measurands. Novel telemetry allows an improved measurement range using a single source and uses a fundamental interferometric principle for self-calibration. High resolution is achieved through active but remote demodulation of passive sensors. A resolution of 0.019 nm with a measurement range of 62.8 μm for an interferometric sensor and a strain resolution of 0.19 με with a measurement range of 6.28 mε was obtained for fiber Bragg grating sensors     

Multiplexable Low-Temperature Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrogen Sensors

A palladium-coated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscribed in high attenuation fiber (HAF) capable of measuring hydrogen concentration at -150 ^degC, well below the 4% explosion limit, is presented. The low-temperature performance of the sensor was improved by heating the gratings as much as 300 K above the ambient temperature with highly attenuated infrared laser light. The sensitivity and response time of the FBG hydrogen sensor were studied as functions of fiber temperature. Through the selection of length and the loss per meter of the HAF, the self-heating scheme demonstrated here enables numerous FBG hydrogen sensors to be multiplexed in a single fiber for multipoint hydrogen sensing using a single fiber feedthrough.     

双光纤Bragg 光栅用于FBG型传感器的温度补偿

理论分析了FBG型传感器的温度应变交叉敏感机制,利用温度和应变响应相同的光栅对实现了光纤Bragg 光栅应力/ 应变传感器的温度补偿,有效的消除了交叉敏感对FBG型传感器测量精度的影响,有利于光纤Bragg 光栅传感器的实用化。